• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2010

Objective : Although studies have explored responses to fear had been assessed using various psychophysiological methods, results have been inconsistent. The present study examined psychophysiological responses in healthy subjects after viewing fear stimuli in a video clip for set up future fear related psychophysiological studies. Methods : We monitored three psychophysiological variables (electroencephalography, skin temperature, and heart rate variability) in adults who watched either a control stimulus movie clip or a fear-inducing movie clip. Results : In 16 healthy adults, theta activity decreased significantly after the fear stimulus as compared to the normal stimulus. However the participants showed no differences in heart rate variability or skin temperature between the fear and normal control stimulus situations. Conclusion : In the limbic area, theta activity corresponds with information processing, integration into previous memories and long-term potentiation. In this study, we suggest decreased theta activity represents amygdalo-hippocampal activity, associated with fear, short-term memory, and memory extinction in the healthy adults. Further studies are needed to evaluate the interaction of fear, memory, and the pathophysiology of anxiety disorder in patient with anxiety disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.80-84
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• 1997

본 연구는 뇌파의 주파수 변화특성이 다양한 시각자극에 의해서 유발된 감성을 평가할 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 특히 쾌감성과 불쾌감성의 차이, 쾌감성내의 차이를 뇌파를 이용하여 객관적으로 변별할 수 있는 가를 알아보았다. 사용된 시각자극은 8개의 긍정자극과 7개의 부정자극이었다. 각각의 자극은 30초씩 무선적으로 제시되었고, 각자극의 제시사이마다 120초씩의 휴식기를 두었다. 매 자극제시 후 피험자는 제시된 자극에 대해 긍정.부정의 정도를 주관적으로 평가하였다. 실럼참가자는 20명의 대학생이었으며, 뇌파는 뇌의 21부위에서 기록되었다. 기록된 뇌파에 대해 FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation)분석을 실시한 후, normalized sensitivity를 구현하였다. 자극 중 최대긍정(the most positive stimulus), 최대부정(the most negative stimulus), 최소긍정(the least positive stimulus), 최소부정(the least negative stimulus)이라고 주관적으로 평가한 자극을 보고 있을때의 뇌파를 측정하여 비교.분석하였다. 그 결과 뇌파의 주파수 변화는 극단의 긍정감성과 부정감성의 차이를 변별할수 있고, 긍정감성내의 차이와 부전감성내의 차이를 변별할 수 있었다. 또한 부정감성을 느낄때보다는 긍정감성을 느낄수록 alpha파의 출현량은 증가하고, delta파와 beta파의 출현량은 감소하고 있음을 보여주었다. 결론적으로, 뇌파의 주파수 변화는 다양한 시각자극에 의해 유발된 감성을 측정할 수 있음을 암시한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

We modeled fish school movements as a capture process in relation to the purse seine method using the three steps of the stimulus-response process (i.e., input stimuli, central decision-making and output reaction). Input stimuli of the model were categorized as either physical stimuli such as visual stimulus, sound stimulus, water flow, and weather or as biological stimuli such as species and size, swimming performance, sensual sensitivity, and presence of prey or predators. The output process determining the spatial orientation of the fish school for 3-D movements was based on swimming speed and angular change in the fish response, and these movements were animated as the relative geometry between the fish school and the purse seine. Simulations were carried out for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) schools reacting to a pelagic purse seine in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Simulation results showed that escape ratios varied from 20 to 70% by the relevant ranges in the stimulus-response thresholds, swimming speeds, and angular changes of fish schools were similar to those observed in the field. Therefore, with knowledge of relevant parameters, this model can be used to predict capture and escape probabilities of purse seine operations for different fish species or conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

본 연구는 얼굴근전도(facial EMG)가 다양한 시각자극에 의해서 유발된 감성을 평가할 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 특히 감성의 차원중 각성-이완차원에서의 차이를 얼굴근전도를 이용하여 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는가를 알아보았다. 사용된 자극은 15개의 시각자극이었다 . 각각의 자극은 30초씩 무선적으로 제시되었고, 각 자극의 제시사이마다 120초씩의 휴식기를 두었다. 매 자극제시후 피험자는 제시된 자극에 대해 각성-이완의 정도를 주관적으로 평가하였다. 실험참가자는 25명의 여자대학생이었으며, 왼쪽이마의 추미근(corrugator muscle)과 빰의 관골근(zygomatic muscle)의 얼굴근전도를 측정하였다. 측정된 얼굴근전도에 대해서 절대값을 취해 면적을 구하였다. 최대 각성(the most arousing stimulus), 최소 각성(the least arousing stimulus), 최소이완(the least relaxing stimulus), 최대이완(the most relaxing stimulus)이라고 피험자들마다 주관적으로 평가한 가극에 대한 얼굴근전도를 비교.분석하였다. 그 결과 이마의 추미근이 각성과 이완감성의 차이를 변별할 수 있었다. 즉 각성감성을 느낄수록 이마의 추미근의 활동이 증가함을 보였다. 또한 최대각성감성을 느낄때 이마의 추미근의 활동이 증가함을 보였다. 결론적으로, 얼굴근전도가 다양한 시각자극에 의해 유발된 감성의 각성-이완차원을 측정할 수 있는 좋은 지표가 될수 있음을 나타낸다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2020

Quantitative evaluation of the sense of smell is done by the olfactory event-related potential (OERP) test. OERP consists of N1, P1, N2, P2, and P3, of which N1 and P1 latency are known to be affected by the concentration of odor stimuli associated with the pre-sensory phase and P2 and P3 are the stages at which odors are perceived and are known to change by subjective evaluation of the stimulus. The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between the expression of OERP and the subjective evaluation of the object on the fragrance stimulus using various fragrances. Therefore, the study examined the relative waveform power ratio, preference for each scent stimulus, and finally the amplitude and latency change of the components of OERP, N1 and P2. In contrast, it was found that the late P2 response waveform was an effective aroma stimulus recognition waveform in OERP compared to the initial response waveforms.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.586-590
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• 2006

Dendrimers represent a new class of synthetic macromoleculcs characterized by a regularly branched treelike structure. Multiple branching yields a large number of chain ends that distinguish dendrimers from conventional star-like polymers and microgels. The azobenzene dendrimer is one of the dendrimeric macromolecules that include the azo-group exhibiting a photochromic character. Due to the presence of the charge transfer element of the azo-group and its rod-shaped structure, these compounds are expected to have potential interest in electronics and photoelectronics, especially in nonlinear optics. In the present paper, we give pressure stimulation to organic thin films and detect the induced displacement current. Functional photoisometrization organic molecular the photo-stimulus to organic monomolecular L films and LB films of dendrimer and 8A5H were performed. The 8A5H organic monolayer in case of pressure stimulus occurred that positive course but in case of the photo-stimulus compared positive and negative. It is assumed that generation forms of displacement current were measured when photo-stimulus for impression.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.589-594
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• 2014

It has been known that the particular brain waves are induced when a human concentrates. In our study, we aimed to analysis the brain waves related to human concentration using visual stimulus to induce the concentration. The visual stimulus tasks were presented to subjects for concentration. We measured EEG signals with several channels and analyzed the signals into several frequency bands. In the measured EEG signals, we analyzed to focus on theta waves, SMR waves and mid-beta waves. Therefore we presented the results to investigate characteristics of the EEG signals related to the human concentration.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2002

When any damage or disease occurs, muscular strength and muscular endurance are lowered, and thus, if one is able to be restored from the damage or the disease, appropriate stimulus is required, since the muscles have to restore their proper functions. For such stimulus, the way of exercising and the way using electric stimulus are used in physical therapy. In order to examine the change in muscular strength, muscular endurance and girth of limbs for Biceps brachii, according to the lands of stimulus, in this article a total of 42 healthy male and female adults in their twenties were randomly sampled, and a series of tests were conducted for 6 weeks, for 15 minutes per once, 3 times per week, respectively, dividing them into the group for RUS(Russian Current Stimulation), PRE(Progressive Resistive Exercise) and P+R(RUS + PRE). The findings showed that the change in muscular strength was most significant as for the group for P+R, since it increased from $62.12{\pm}25.30$ before experiment to $95.78{\pm}34.07$ after 6 weeks: the change in muscular endurance was most significant as for the group for P+R, since it increased from $17.57{\pm}6.63$ to $42.86{\pm}10.24$; and the change in the girth of limbs was slightly significant only in the group for P+R, and the remaining two groups showed no significance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is for evaluating the effect of MS Coat desensitizing agent in clinical situation. In this study total 60 teeth of 30 patients who is feeling hypersensitivity after periodontal surgery were treated with MS Coat desensitizing agent, and 20 teeth with saline solution for placebo effects and evaluated. All teeth were cleaned with rubber cup and pumice, after then the antibacterial agent was applied for 20 seconds and simply isolated using cotton roll Desensitizing agent was applied with a specific instrument in the manufacturers package by abrading motion for 10 seconds and re-done 8 times. Tactile stimulus with sharp explorer, air stimulus with syringe of dental unit, $7^{\circ}C$ cold water stimulus using micropipette applicator was done to evaluate hypersensitivity before apply test agent, immediate after application, 1 week after, and 3 month after application. The degree of hypersensitivity was recorded using 100mm Visual Analogue Scale and compared between group and evaluation times. From this clinical study sensitivity to the stimulus was significantly induced in both groups and MS Coat made a significant reduction in VAS score than placebo group did(p<.01). The results of this study could demonstrate that MS Coat desensitizing agent can use effectively to heat dentinal hypersensitivity.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.180-184
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• 2011

The changes in the blood flow in the peripheral vascular system under strong pulsed magnetic fields (pMF) were studied by digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI). After pMF stimulus temperatures in stimulated area were commonly increased in both groups of age and gender. In order to reduce heat generated from coil in pMF stimulus system plastic moldings were fabricated, so that certain distance was kept between stimulus system and the skin and to prevent direct contact to the skin. It is believed that skin temperature is increased by internal electromagnetic energy stimulated the peripheral vascular system by non-contact method.