• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2005

Stimulatory effects of near infra-red (NIR) rays radiation have been studied within the limits of photosynthesis, phototaxis, and photodermatology. While most of these studies have been done by direct NIR radiation, we investigated the effects of the NIR rays-treated materials on microbial growth. NIR in wavelength of 1,400${\~}$1,700 nm was applied for different kind of materials. Under fast growing conditions in rich media, materials treated with the NIR rays or not did not show any differences in growth of microorganisms. However, under slow growing conditions in minimal media, data showed that NIR rays-treated cloths and hygienic bands affect negatively on the growth of bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis) and fungi (Candida albicans). In addition, it was estimated that the effect of NIR rays on bacterial growth is kept going on S. enteritidis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1985

Lactobacillus helveticus YM-1 과 Streptococcus thermophilus CH-1을 환원탈지유 배지에 접종하여 생육특성 및 배양조건을 검토한 결과 두 균은 전형적인 공생을 나타냈으며 혼합배양시 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 6.5와 4$0^{\circ}C$였다. 또한 두 균 사이에는 단백질 분해력의 차이가 현저하였고 L.helveticus의 배양여액에는 S. thermophilus의 생육을 촉진시키는 물질이 함유되어 있음을 관찰하였다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.199-207
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• 1998

Ginseng saponin (G5) purified from Panax ginseng, increase renal blood flow in rats. Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be a substance endogenously released by G5 in preconstricted lungs and cultured endothelial cells. The present study aims to determine whether G5 could stimulate endogenous 1'elease of NO in rat kidney and urine levels of the stable NO metabolites, nitrite (NO,) and nitrate (NO,) and urinary COMP levels were measured 8 hr after a single intraperitoneal injection of GS (200 mg/kg) Into rats. The effects of the WO synthesis inhibitor, Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, .1nd the NO precursor, L-arginine, on the G5-induced changes were also determined. The activity of NO synthase, as determined by conversion of ('"C)-L-arginine to ('"C)-L-citrulline, in whole kidney, glomeruli and cortical tubules were also investigated. A single injection of GS resulted in endogenous production of NO as reflected by increase in serum and urine levels of N021N03 and urinary cGMP levels, which were inhibited by the addition o ( N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and restored fly L-arginine. GS also stimulated the activity of NO synthase in whole kidney as well as glomeruli and cortical tubules, and Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl tilter significantly prevented this increase. In conclusion, GS stimulates endogenous NO production and thus, may play a protective role 1 11 the kidney by modulating renal blood flow.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.398-406
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• 2019

Cancer immunotherapy using gene-modified tumor cells is safe and customized cancer treatment method. In this study, we made gene-modified tumor cells by transferring costimulatory molecules, 4-1BBL and OX40L, into tumor cells using lentivirus vector, and identified anti-cancer effect of gene-modified tumor cells in CT26 mouse colorectal tumor model. We construct pLVX-puro-4-1BBL, -OX40L vector for lentivirus production and optimized the transfection efficiency and transduction efficiency. The transfection efficiency is maximal at DNA:cationic polymer = 1:0.5 and DNA 2 ㎍ for lentivirus production. Then, the lentiviral including 4-1BBL and OX40L was used to deliver CT26 mouse tumor cells to establish optimal delivery conditions according to the amount of virus. The transduction efficiency is maximal at 500 μL volume of lentiviral stock without change in cell shape or growth rate. CT26-4-1BBL, CT26-OX40L significantly inhibited the tumor growth compare with CT26-WT or CT26-β-gal cell line. These data showed the possibility the use of genetically modified tumor cells with costimulatory molecule as cancer immunotherapy agent.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.229-232
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• 1998

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been reported to be responsible for the sustained activation of protein kinase C (PKC). As chondroqenesis is known to be regulated by PKC, this study was performed to investigate the effects of LPC on chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymes in vitro. LPC treatment of mesenchymes during micromass culture significantly enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. The most effective time of LPC on the stimulation of chondrogenesis was the first day of micromass culture. Analysis of LPC effects on the expression of PKC isoforms revealed that LPC treatment increased expression of PKCa, among the multiple PKC isoforms, in the membrane fraction on day one of culture. The stimulatory effect of LPC on chondrogenesis was abolished if PKCa was down regulated by the prolonged treatment of cells with phorbol ester. The results suqqest that LPC promotes chondrogenesis through the activation of PKCa at the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2007

Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC) has been popularly used as an herbal medicine for medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, insomnia, impotence and diabetes. Here, we investigated immunostimulating effects of the aqueous extract of AC on macrophage. We studied nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ release in response to AC treatment, as they are important secretory products of macrophage. AC alone induce the NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ production. AC increase c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but does not p38 activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Also AC resulted in the enhanced cell-surface expression of CD80 and CD14. In addition, AC resulted in enhanced T cell-stimulatory capacity and increased T cell secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma. After feeding with AC to mouse for 10 days, the change of $CD28^+$ and $CD40^+$ population was analyzed. AC increased $CD28^+$ population in splenocytes in vivo. These studies indicate that AC induces macrophage activation and suggest the possible use of AC in macrophage-based immunotherapies.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

Flounder B lymphocytes isolated from different tissues were studied in terms of cell proliferation, apoptosis and the effects of cortisol on these processes. B lymphocytes, isolated from the flounder head kidney and spleen, were characterized by higher proliferation and lower intracellular calcium ($Ca^2$) response to lgcrosslinking compared with peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Cortisol induced high levels of apoptosis (150% of control levels) in peripheral blood B lymphocytes, in combination with a stimulatory LPS signal. Head kidney and to a lesser extent spleen B lymphocytes, although less sensitive than their equivalent in peripheral blood, underwent cortisol-induced apoptosis irrespective of extra stimulation up to 142% of control levels. Also proliferation with and without LPS stimulation was suppressed by cortisol (compared to plasma values measured during stress conditions) that is effective in inducing a significant increase in apoptosis in all three populations of B-cells, suggesting that cortisol may be important for immunoregulation in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. This implies possible severe impact of stress on lymphocyte development and activity, Different sensitivity of B-cells to the corticosteroid, with respect to developmental stage and activity, may prevent excessive and long lasting depletion of B-lymphocytes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2012

Recently it has been reported that immunization with heat-killed tumor cells (HK vaccine) induces anti-tumor immune responses in mice. To investigate how HKvaccine elicits anti-tumor specific adaptive immunity, we examined the effect of HK vaccination on innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), which are essential for the generation of adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation with HK vaccine, DCs matured to promote not only the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules but also secretion of cytokine IL12. Furthermore, HK vaccine-treated DCs migrated more efficiently to draining lymph nodes compared with untreated ones. Taken together, HK vaccine can be useful as an adjuvant to activate DCs for anti-tumor immune responses.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2019

Objectives: The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. Methods: Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. Results: P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, $IFN{\gamma}/IL-4$ and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also signifcantly decreased production of NO, stimulated ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2019

Codium fragile is an edible seaweed in Asian countries that has been used as a thrombolytic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory agent. Ginseng has also been known to maintain immune homeostasis and to regulate the immune system via enhancing resistance to diseases and microorganisms. In this study, anionic macromolecules extracted from C. fragile (CFAM) were orally administered with red ginseng extract (100 mg/kg body weight) to cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed male BALB/c mice to investigate the immune-enhancing cooperative effect of Codium fragile and red ginseng. Our results showed that supplementing CFAM with red ginseng extract significantly increased spleen index, T- and B-cell proliferation, NK cell activity, and splenic lymphocyte immune-associated gene expression compared to those with red ginseng alone, even though a high concentration of CFAM with red ginseng decreased immune biomarkers. These results suggest that CFAM can be used as a co-stimulant to enhance health and immunity in immunosuppressed conditions.