• 대기
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2015

Predicting the location and intensity of precipitation still remains a main issue in numerical weather prediction (NWP). Resolution is a very important component of precipitation forecasts in NWP. Compared with a lower resolution model, a higher resolution model can predict small scale (i.e., storm scale) precipitation and depict convection structures more precisely. In addition, an ensemble technique can be used to improve the precipitation forecast because it can estimate uncertainties associated with forecasts. Therefore, NWP using both a higher resolution model and ensemble technique is expected to represent inherent uncertainties of convective scale motion better and lead to improved forecasts. In this study, the limited area ensemble prediction system for the convective-scale (i.e., high resolution) operational Unified Model (UM) in Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) was developed and evaluated for the ensemble forecasts during August 2012. The model domain covers the limited area over the Korean Peninsula. The high resolution limited area ensemble prediction system developed showed good skill in predicting precipitation, wind, and temperature at the surface as well as meteorological variables at 500 and 850 hPa. To investigate which combination of horizontal resolution and ensemble member is most skillful, the system was run with three different horizontal resolutions (1.5, 2, and 3 km) and ensemble members (8, 12, and 16), and the forecasts from the experiments were evaluated. To assess the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) skill of the system, the precipitation forecasts for two heavy rainfall cases during the study period were analyzed using the Fractions Skill Score (FSS) and Probability Matching (PM) method. The PM method was effective in representing the intensity of precipitation and the FSS was effective in verifying the precipitation forecast for the high resolution limited area ensemble prediction system in KMA.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Purpose : Recently, many researchers and golf coachers demonstrated that X-factor and X-factor stretch had a co-relationship with driving distance. However, its relationship is still controversial and ambiguous. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship among X-factor, X-factor stretch and swing-related factors, including driving distance in elite golfers. Method : Seventeen male elite golfers (handicap: ${\leq}4$) with no history of musculo-skeletal injuries participated in the study. Thirty spherical retro-reflective markers were placed on including the middle point of PSIS, the right/left ASIS, the right/left lateral acromion of the scapula, driver head and shaft grip. All motion capture data was collected at 100Hz using 6 infrared cameras. Carry distance, club speed, ball speed, smash factor, launch angle, and spin rate were collected from radar-based device, TrackMan. Results : Pearson's correlation coefficient method was used to find the correlations among X-factor, X-factor stretch and swing-related factors. Positive correlations between driving distance and other swing-related factors which include club speed(r=.798, p<.001), and ball speed(r=.948, p<.001) were observed. In contrast to the swing-related factors, X-factor and X-factor stretch had no relationship to driving distance. Conclusion : These results indicate that X-factor and X-factor stretch are not key regulators in driving distance.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.778-791
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• 2005

A novel pneumatic artificial muscle actuator (PAM actuator), which has achieved increased popularity to provide the advantages such as high strength and high power/weight ratio, low cost, compactness, ease of maintenance, cleanliness, readily available and cheap power source, inherent safety and mobility assistance to humans performing tasks, has been regarded during the recent decades as an interesting alternative to hydraulic and electric actuators. However, some limitations still exist, such as the air compressibility and the lack of damping ability of the actuator bring the dynamic delay of the pressure response and cause the oscillatory motion. Then it is not easy to realize the performance of transient response of pneumatic artificial muscle manipulator (PAM manipulator) due to the changes in the external inertia load with high speed. In order to realize satisfactory control performance, a variable damper-Magneto­Rheological Brake (MRB), is equipped to the joint of the manipulator. Superb mixture of conventional PID controller and a phase plane switching control method brings us a novel controller. This proposed controller is appropriate for a kind of plants with nonlinearity, uncertainties and disturbances. The experiments were carried out in practical PAM manipulator and the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm was demonstrated through experiments, which had proved that the stability of the manipulator can be improved greatly in a high gain control by using MRB with phase plane switching control method and without regard for the changes of external inertia loads.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2004

얼굴검출을 위한 다양한 연구가 행해지고 있으나 아직도 실시간성의 확보는 미진하다. 이에 본 연구는 연속영상에서 컬러와 움직임 정보를 이용한 실시간 얼굴검출 방법을 제안한다. 피부색 검출을 위한 컬러공간은 조명의 변화에 강인하고 피부색을 좁은 영역으로 정의할 수 있는 Hue와 Cr성분을 조합하여 재구성한 HCr을 사용한다. 배경참조영상 기반에서 밝기와 Cr 성분을 함께 사용하여 획득한 움직임 영역에서, HCr과 적응적 임계값을 이용해서 피부색 영역을 검출하고, 그 검출된 영역의 모양과 크기정보를 통해 얼굴 후보영역을 구한다. 이렇게 구해진 얼굴후보영역에서 G와 B성분의 차이, 밝기, Cr성분 값과 눈과 입의 위치 및 거리관계를 이용하여 눈과 입을 검출하여 얼굴을 확정한다. 실험결과 연속영상에서 실시간으로 얼굴을 검출 할 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 다중객체 검출과 동시에 추적을 수행하는 이중계층구조의 파티클 샘플링을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 다중 객체 검출을 위한 상위 계층 파티클 샘플링과 검출된 객체의 추적을 위한 하위 계층 파티클 샘플링으로 구성된다. 상위 계층에서는 빠른 객체 검출을 위해 슬라이딩 윈도우 대신 움직임 추정 기반의 부모 파티클 (parent particles; PP) 윈도우를 사용하여, 이동 객체 주위로 리샘플링된 파티클을 통해 객체를 검출한다. 하위 계층에서는 상위 계층에서 검출한 객체의 객체영역에 자식 파티클 (child particles; CP)을 생성하여 해당 객체를 추적한다. 실험결과를 통해 비디오 시스템에서 기존 객체 검출 방법보다 빠른 검출이 가능하고, 다중 객체를 효과적으로 추적할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Recently, capsule endoscope was developed to observe small intestine in human body. However, the capsule does not have any locomotive ability, which reduces the benefit of the capsule endoscope. Many researches have done to give locomotion to the capsule, still it consumes too much power to generate the motion by small battery. One of the moving method is electrical stimulus that consumes less power than many methods. The electrical stimulus method causes contraction in the small intestine, and it moves the capsule. Some of papers showed it is possible to guide the capsule by electrical stimulus, however the relationship between electrical stimulus at the mucous and contraction force in the small intestine is not reported, yet. In this paper, the mucous in the small intestine was stimulated, and measured the contraction force in the small intestine is shown. The result shows, the relationship between electrical stimulus parameters (voltage, duration) and contraction force. Also, equation between electrical stimulus parameters and contraction force is roughly induced.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: Electrical stimulation is one of several treatments recommended for RA patients. Electrical stimulation of RA patients, reduces pain, or facilitates joint motion prior to exercises. However, there is still limited evidence on the efficacy of electrical stimulation and thus any conclusions drawn about this method remain controversial. Recently, Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation (MENS) has received significant attention as a potential method of electrical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of microcurrent treatment in rheumatoid arthritis rat. Methods: Subjects were allocated either to the control group or experimental group, which was subject to microcurrent stimulation. Interleukin-1 expression in the metatarsophlangeal joint and the oedema index in the ankle were used for classification and subsequent evaluation of pathology. Subjects were assessed at 1, 7 and 14 days after inducing rheumatoid arthritis through adjuvant injection. Thirty-six subjects, 18 in each group, were used in this study. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the differences between the two groups and between each interval assessment. Categorical variables were compared between the two groups with the paired-T test. The one-way ANOVA test was performed to assess changes in ordinal variables. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. The biological marker of pro-inflammatory cytokine and oedema index were decreased in response to this treatment. Conclusion: These data show that treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a microcurrent stimulation device reduced the oedema index and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

The free longitudinal vibration of a circular truncated nanocone is investigated based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. Exact analytical formulations for tapered nanostructures are derived and the nonlinear differential governing equation of motion is developed. The nonlocal small scale effect unavailable in classical continuum theory is addressed to reveal the long-range interaction of atoms implicated in nonlocal constitutive relation. Unlike most previous studies applying the truncation method to the infinite higher-order differential equation, this paper aims to consider all higher-order terms to show the overall nonlocality. The explicit solution of nonlocal stress for longitudinal deformation is determined and it is an infinite series incorporating the classical stress derived in classical mechanics of materials and the infinite higher-order derivative of longitudinal displacement. Subsequently, the first three modes natural frequencies are calculated numerically and the significant effects of nonlocal small scale and vertex angle on natural frequencies are examined. The coupling phenomenon of natural frequency is observed and it is induced by the combined effects of nonlocal small scale and vertex angle. The critical value of nonlocal small scale is defined, and after that a new proposal for determining the range of nonlocal small scale is put forward since the principle of choosing the nonlocal small scale is still unclear at present. Additionally, two different types of nonlocal effects, namely the nonlocal stiffness weakening and strengthening, reversed phenomena existing in nanostructures are observed and verified. Hence the opposite nonlocal effects are resolved again clearly. The nano-engineers dealing with a circular truncated nanocone-based sensors and oscillators may benefit from the present work.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2024

Recently, extensive studies have been carried out to enhance various performance aspects such as the durability, lifespan, and hardness by combining diverse materials or developing novel materials. The utilization of superhydrophobic surfaces, particularly in the automotive, textile, and medical device industries, has gained momentum to achieve improved performance and efficiency. Superhydrophobicity refers to a surface state where the contact angle when water droplets fall is above 150°, while the contact angle during sliding motion is smaller than 10°. Superhydrophobic surfaces offer the advantage of water droplets not easily sliding off, maintaining a cleaner state as the droplets leave the surface. Surface modification involves two fundamental steps to achieve superhydrophobicity: surface roughness increase and surface energy reduction. However, existing methods, such as time-consuming processes and toxic organic precursors, still face challenges. In this study, we propose a method for superhydrophobic surface modification using lasers, aiming to create roughness in micro/nanostructures, ensuring durability while improving the production time and ease of fabrication. The mechanical durability of superhydrophobic samples treated with lasers is comparatively evaluated against chemical etching samples. The experimental results demonstrate superior mechanical durability through the laser treatment. Therefore, this research provides an effective and practical approach to superhydrophobic surface modification, highlighting the utility of laser treatment.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.635-646
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• 2011

분산 비디오 압축 기술은 부호화기의 복잡한 과정을 복호화기로 이동시킴으로써 저복잡도 부호화기를 가능하게 한다. 하지만 WZ 복호화기는 움직임 예측/보상 과정뿐만 아니라 채널 복호 과정까지 수행하기 때문에 복호화 과정의 높은 복잡도가 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. LDPC 부호의 복호화는 상당히 반복적인 과정으로 수행되기 때문에 그 수행 횟수만큼 복잡도가 늘어나는데, 실제로 이러한 반복적인 복호 과정은 전체 WZ 복호화 복잡도의 60% 이상을 차지하고 있기 때문에 복잡도 절감의 주요 대상이다. 따라서 이러한 복잡도 절감을 위해 과거에 HDA(Hard Decision Aided) 방법을 적용하는 방법이 제안되었다. HDA 방법은 해당 패리티에 대한 복호 과정의 복잡도를 상당량 줄여주지만, 채널 복호가 성공하기에 부족한 패리티량에 대해서도 여전히 복호 과정을 수행하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 이러한 소모적인 과정을 줄임으로써 추가적인 복잡도 절감 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 비트 플레인 간의 상관도와 시간적 상관도에 기반하여 최소 연산으로 패리티 요구량을 예측하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법과 HDA 방법을 함께 적용할 경우 채널 복호 과정에서는 평균 72% 정도의 고속 복호가 가능하며, 저하되는 율 왜곡 성능은 -0.0275 dB (BDPSNR) 정도로상당히 낮다.