• 제목/요약/키워드: Stick Model

검색결과 188건 처리시간 0.022초

조선의 세종시대 규표(圭表)의 원리와 구조 (THE PRINCIPLE AND STRUCTURE OF THE GYUPYO (GNOMON) OF KING SEJONG'S REIGN TN CHOSON DYNASTY)

  • 이용삼;정장해;김천휘;김상혁
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.289-302
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    • 2006
  • 조선초기 세종대에 제작하여 사용한 규표를 복원하기위해 '세종실록'을 비롯한 조선시대의 문헌자료를 수집하여 원리와 구조를 분석하였다. 그리고 이를 근거로 1/10로 축소 모형을 제작하고 설계도를 완성하였다. 규표의 구조는 규(圭), 용표(龍表), 횡량(橫梁), 또는 들보), 받침대로 구성되어 있다. 수직으로 세운 막대인 용표의 그림자가 수평으로 놓인 규면에 맺힐 때 눈금을 읽으면 된다. 이때 그림자 중심에 태양의 상을 맺히게 하는 영부를 사용하여 정밀하게 측정한다. 영부는 가운데 바늘구멍을 뚫은 작은 동판을 사용하여 바늘구멍 사진기와 샤임프러그 원리를 이용하여 태양의 영상을 맺히도록 한다.

중학교 3학년 과학 교과서에서 원자 및 분자 개념을 표상한 시각자료의 기호학적 분석 (Semiotic Analysis of the Inscriptions Representing Concept of Atom and Molecule in the 9th Grade Science Textbooks)

  • 노태희;윤미숙;강훈식;한재영
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제51권5호
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    • pp.423-432
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    • 2007
  • 이 연구에서는 제7차 중학교 3학년 과학 교과서에서 원자 및 분자 개념을 표상한 시각자료의 유형 을 조사하고, 그 해석 과정을 기호학적 관점에서 분석했다. 원자 및 분자 개념은 구 도식, 일상생활의 사물, 공 과 막대기, STM 그래픽 등으로 다양하게 표현되고 있었다. 모형의 조작 가능성 여부를 기준으로 원자 및 분 자 개념을 이미지로 표상한 시각자료와 사물을 이용하여 원자 및 분자 개념을 표상한 시각자료를 구분했다. 이 시각자료들을 해석하기 위해 필요한 과정을 구조화 과정과 번역 과정을 포함하는 기호학적 모델을 이용하여 체계적으로 분석했다. 원자 및 분자 개념을 표상한 시각자료를 해석하는 것은 여러 단계의 해석 작업을 필요 로 하는 복잡한 과정이었다. 이에 대한 교육적 함의를 논의했다.

민감도 해석을 통한 무회분 석탄의 가스화 최적 운전조건 도출 (Optimization of Operating Condition on Gasification of Ash-free Coal by Using the Sensitivity Analysis of ASPEN Plus)

  • 박성호;전동환;윤성필;정석우;최호경;이시훈
    • 청정기술
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.298-305
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    • 2014
  • 석탄에 포함되어 있는 회분은 환경오염을 유발시킬 수 있으며, 고온에서 운전되는 발전 설비에 융착되어 열전달 효율을 저하시키는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 알칼리나 산, 또는 유기 용매를 이용하여 석탄 내의 회분을 제거하기 위한 연구와 함께 무회분 석탄을 이용한 석탄화력 발전 및 석탄가스화 복합발전에 대한 타당성 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 200 ppm급 무회분 석탄을 석탄가스화 발전에 이용하기 위해서 필요한 가스화기 운전조건을 ASPEN $Plus^{(R)}$ 공정모사의 민감도 해석을 바탕으로 도출하였다. 특히 석탄가스화 공정은 열분해, 휘발분 연소, 촤 가스화 공정으로 나누어 해석을 진행하였으며, 1.5 톤일급 비용융(non-slagging) 가스화기의 크기 및 운전 조건을 반영하여 모델링 하였다.

독일 일-가정 양립정책과 젠더레짐 변화에 대한 연구 -최근 부모수당제도의 도입을 중심으로- (A Study on the Transition of Work-Family Reconciliation Policy and Gender Regime -Focusing on Recent Introduction of Parents Benefit-)

  • 심상용
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제65권3호
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    • pp.265-289
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    • 2013
  • 이 연구의 목적은 메타경로분석의 방법론을 적용해 최근 부모수당제도의 도입을 중심으로 독일의 일-가정 양립정책과 젠더레짐의 변화의 실제와 동학을 규명하는 것이다. 일-가정 양립정책에서 '계층화'가 이루어지고 있는데, 정치적 장벽이 해소돼 부모수당제도를 도입할 수 있었던 반면 기존 가족주의 지지세력의 제도 내부적 장벽으로 인해 아동양육수당제도를 고수하지 않을 수 없었다. 그러나 부모수당제도는 '차별적인 성장'으로 활성화돼 독일 젠더레짐의 지배적인 구조를 '순차적 양립'에서 '동시적 양립'으로 변화시키는 핵심적인 보완성의 변화를 낳고 있다. 한편 주요 정치적 행위자들은 젠더영역에 대한 '의도적 분리'를 통해 전체 독일모델의 핵심적인 제도영역 간의 조정관계의 이완 가능성을 차단하려 하고 있다.

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마찰을 고려한 포일저널베어링의 동특성해석: 회전불균형 응답 (The Dynamic Performance Analysis of Foil Journal Bearings Considering Coulomb Friction: Rotating Unbalance Response)

  • 김경웅;이동현;김영철
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.219-227
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    • 2007
  • The dynamic performance of air foil bearings relies on a coupling between a thin air film and an elastic foil structure. A number of successful analytical techniques to predict dynamic performance have been developed. However, the evaluation of its dynamic characteristic is still not enough because of the mechanical complexity of the foil structure and strong nonlinear behavior of friction force. This work presents a nonlinear transient analysis method to predict dynamic performance of foil bearings. In this method, time dependent Reynolds equation is used to calculate pressure distribution and a finite element method is used to model the bump foil structure. The analysis is treated with a direct implicit integration technique that can handle nonlinear problems and the stick-slip algorithm is used to consider friction force. Using this method the response to the mass unbalance excitation is investigated for various design parameters and operating conditions. The results of analysis show that foil bearing is very effective on the restriction of vibration at the resonance frequency compared to the rigid surface bearings and the effectiveness depends on the operating conditions, static load and a amount of mass unbalance. In addition, there exist optimum values of friction coefficient, bump foil stiffness and number of circumferential slit with regards to minimizing dynamic response at the resonance frequency. These optimum values are system dependent.

고층건물의 효율적인 구조해석 (An Efficient Structural Analysis of Multistory Buildings)

  • 김경호;이동근
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.141-153
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    • 1987
  • 고층 건물의 정확한 거동을 구하기 위한 구조 해석은 컴퓨터 적용의 중요한 분야로 취급되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 건축구조물에 대한 3차원적인 해석방법을 연구하였다. 이 해석 방법은 건물을 각각의 독립된 프레임의 조합체로 보고 해석하므로 매우 효율적이며, 건물의 3차원적인 거동에 관한 고려는 건물이나 하중이 대칭이 아닐 때는 특히 중요하다. 그리고 matrix condensation 기법을 이용함으로써 컴퓨터의 용량과 해석 시간이 상당히 절약되므로 매우 경제적이다. 본 논문의 건물 구조해석 컴퓨터 프로그램 PFS의 정확성과 효율성을 증명하기 위해 여러가지 예제들에 대해서 SAPIV 에 의한 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 그러므로, 본 논문에서 제안한 해석방법은 고층 건물의 구조 설계에서 매우 효율적이라 할 수 있다.

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고속 전동기용 무급유 포일 저널 베어링 구조체의 하중지지 및 진동 특성 규명 (Identification of Load Carrying and Vibration Characteristics of Oil-Free Foil Journal Bearing Structures for High Speed Motors)

  • 백두산;황성호;김태호
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.261-272
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    • 2021
  • This study investigates the structural characteristics of oil-free, gas beam foil journal bearings (GBFJBs) for use in high speed motors. Mathematical modeling was carried out, and reaction force modeling for static load was performed to predict the structural characteristics of the GBFJB. Mathematical modeling and reaction force modeling for static load are performed to predict the structural characteristics of GBFJBs. The reaction force of the test bearing against static loads was measured during experiments and compared with the predicted results. The measured experimental data reveal the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the GBFJB against varying displacement and agree well with the predictions. Dynamic load tests using an exciter allow to identify the vibration characteristics of the GBFJB. Test results show that the vibration displacement, dynamic force, and acceleration measured on the test bearing are most dominant at the applied dynamic load (synchronization) frequency. Futhermore, the test results show that the hysteresis area recorded during the dynamic tests increases with the excitation amplitude and frequency, and that the beam stick phenomena occurr at high excitation frequencies. The single degree of freedom (DOF) vibration model aids to identify the stiffness and damping coefficient of the GBFJB, which decrease as the excitation frequency increases.

Dynamic mechanism of rock mass sliding and identification of key blocks in multi-fracture rock mass

  • Jinhai Zhao;Qi Liu;Changbao Jiang;Zhang Shupeng;Zhu Weilong;Ma Hailong
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.375-385
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    • 2023
  • There are many joint fissures distributed in the engineering rock mass. In the process of geological history, the underground rock mass undergoes strong geological processes, and undergoes complex geological processes such as fracture breeding, expansion, recementation, and re-expansion. In this paper, the damage-stick-slip process (DSSP), an analysis model used for rock mass failure slip, was established to examine the master control and time-dependent mechanical properties of the new and primary fractures of a multi-fractured rock mass under the action of stress loading. The experimental system for the recemented multi-fractured rock mass was developed to validate the above theory. First, a rock mass failure test was conducted. Then, the failure stress state was kept constant, and the fractured rock mass was grouted and cemented. A secondary loading was applied until the grouted mass reached the intended strength to investigate the bearing capacity of the recemented multi-fractured rock mass, and an acoustic emission (AE) system was used to monitor AE events and the update of damage energy. The results show that the initial fracture angle and direction had a significant effect on the re-failure process of the cement rock mass; Compared with the monitoring results of the acoustic emission (AE) measurements, the master control surface, key blocks and other control factors in the multi-fractured rock mass were obtained; The triangular shaped block in rock mass plays an important role in the stress and displacement change of multi-fracture rock mass and the long fissure and the fractures with close fracture tip are easier to activate, and the position where the longer fractures intersect with the smaller fractures is easier to generate new fractures. The results are of great significance to a multi-block structure, which affects the safety of underground coal mining.

산악기상자료와 목재평형함수율에 기반한 산림연료습도 추정식 개발 (Modeling and mapping fuel moisture content using equilibrium moisture content computed from weather data of the automatic mountain meteorology observation system (AMOS))

  • 이훈택;원명수;윤석희;장근창
    • 한국지리정보학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.21-36
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 산불 위험 예측의 주요 인자인 10시간 사연료습도(10-h FMC)를 산악기상관측망 기상자료로 추정하는 방법을 마련하기 위해 수행되었다. 안성(도심지)과 홍릉 두 지점(숲 속, 숲 밖)의 자동기상관측소에서 기상인자와 10-h FMC를 측정하고 이를 이용해 10-h FMC 추정식을 도출했다. 도출한 추정식을 이용해 지난 6년간(2013~2018년) 산불발생 다발일의 10-h FMC를 분석하고 전국 10-h FMC 지도를 제작했다. 기상인자(기온, 풍속, 목재평형함수율, 강우량)와 10-h FMC의 회귀분석 결과 목재평형함수율이 가장 효율적으로 10-h FMC를 설명했음을 확인했다. 목재평형함수율을 이용해 도출한 10-h FMC 추정식은 모형 적합과 검증과정 모두에서 높은 적합도를 보였다. 각 연구지의 추정식을 서로 다른 연구지에 적용하면 모형의 적합도가 같은 연구지에서 만든 식을 적용했을 때보다 줄어들었지만 여전히 만족할 만한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 회귀식은 10-h FMC와 목재평형함수율 사이 강우 후 건조반응 차이와 식생 유무가 10-h FMC에 미치는 영향을 반영하지 못해 적합도가 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 도출한 추정식을 사용한 공간분석을 통해 지난 6년간 산불발생 다발일의 산불 중 70% 이상이 10.5% 이하의 10-h FMC 조건에서 발생했음을 확인했다. 본 연구 결과는 산악기상관측망과 연계하여 전국 산지의 10-h FMC를 추정하는 데 사용할 수 있다. 10-h FMC는 산불 위험 예측 기초 연구 자료로 활용되어 재해 관련 국가 정책 결정에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

인터넷 쇼핑몰 수용에 있어 사용자 능력의 조절효과 분석 (An Analysis of the Moderating Effects of User Ability on the Acceptance of an Internet Shopping Mall)

  • 서건수
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.27-55
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    • 2008
  • Due to the increasing and intensifying competition in the Internet shopping market, it has been recognized as very important to develop an effective policy and strategy for acquiring loyal customers. For this reason, web site designers need to know if a new Internet shopping mall(ISM) will be accepted. Researchers have been working on identifying factors for explaining and predicting user acceptance of an ISM. Some studies, however, revealed inconsistent findings on the antecedents of user acceptance of a website. Lack of consideration for individual differences in user ability is believed to be one of the key reasons for the mixed findings. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and several studies have suggested that individual differences in ability plays an moderating role on the relationship between the antecedents and user acceptance. Despite the critical role of user ability, little research has examined the role of user ability in the Internet shopping mall context. The purpose of this study is to develop a user acceptance model that consider the moderating role of user ability in the context of Internet shopping. This study was initiated to see the ability of the technology acceptance model(TAM) to explain the acceptance of a specific ISM. According to TAM. which is one of the most influential models for explaining user acceptance of IT, an intention to use IT is determined by usefulness and ease of use. Given that interaction between user and website takes place through web interface, the decisions to accept and continue using an ISM depend on these beliefs. However, TAM neglects to consider the fact that many users would not stick to an ISM until they trust it although they may think it useful and easy to use. The importance of trust for user acceptance of ISM has been raised by the relational views. The relational view emphasizes the trust-building process between the user and ISM, and user's trust on the website is a major determinant of user acceptance. The proposed model extends and integrates the TAM and relational views on user acceptance of ISM by incorporating usefulness, ease of use, and trust. User acceptance is defined as a user's intention to reuse a specific ISM. And user ability is introduced into the model as moderating variable. Here, the user ability is defined as a degree of experiences, knowledge and skills regarding Internet shopping sites. The research model proposes that the ease of use, usefulness and trust of ISM are key determinants of user acceptance. In addition, this paper hypothesizes that the effects of the antecedents(i.e., ease of use, usefulness, and trust) on user acceptance may differ among users. In particular, this paper proposes a moderating effect of a user's ability on the relationship between antecedents with user's intention to reuse. The research model with eleven hypotheses was derived and tested through a survey that involved 470 university students. For each research variable, this paper used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context. The reliability and validity of the research variables were tested using the Crobnach's alpha and internal consistency reliability (ICR) values, standard factor loadings of the confirmative factor analysis, and average variance extracted (AVE) values. A LISREL method was used to test the suitability of the research model and its relating six hypotheses. Key findings of the results are summarized in the following. First, TAM's two constructs, ease of use and usefulness directly affect user acceptance. In addition, ease of use indirectly influences user acceptance by affecting trust. This implies that users tend to trust a shopping site and visit repeatedly when they perceive a specific ISM easy to use. Accordingly, designing a shopping site that allows users to navigate with heuristic and minimal clicks for finding information and products within the site is important for improving the site's trust and acceptance. Usefulness, however, was not found to influence trust. Second, among the three belief constructs(ease of use, usefulness, and trust), trust was empirically supported as the most important determinants of user acceptance. This implies that users require trustworthiness from an Internet shopping site to be repeat visitors of an ISM. Providing a sense of safety and eliminating the anxiety of online shoppers in relation to privacy, security, delivery, and product returns are critically important conditions for acquiring repeat visitors. Hence, in addition to usefulness and ease of use as in TAM, trust should be a fundamental determinants of user acceptance in the context of internet shopping. Third, the user's ability on using an Internet shopping site played a moderating role. For users with low ability, ease of use was found to be a more important factors in deciding to reuse the shopping mall, whereas usefulness and trust had more effects on users with high ability. Applying the EML theory to these findings, we can suggest that experienced and knowledgeable ISM users tend to elaborate on such usefulness aspects as efficient and effective shopping performance and trust factors as ability, benevolence, integrity, and predictability of a shopping site before they become repeat visitors of the site. In contrast, novice users tend to rely on the low elaborating features, such as the perceived ease of use. The existence of moderating effects suggests the fact that different individuals evaluate an ISM from different perspectives. The expert users are more interested in the outcome of the visit(usefulness) and trustworthiness(trust) than those novice visitors. The latter evaluate the ISM in a more superficial manner focusing on the novelty of the site and on other instrumental beliefs(ease of use). This is consistent with the insights proposed by the Heuristic-Systematic model. According to the Heuristic-Systematic model. a users act on the principle of minimum effort. Thus, the user considers an ISM heuristically, focusing on those aspects that are easy to process and evaluate(ease of use). When the user has sufficient experience and skills, the user will change to systematic processing, where they will evaluate more complex aspects of the site(its usefulness and trustworthiness). This implies that an ISM has to provide a minimum level of ease of use to make it possible for a user to evaluate its usefulness and trustworthiness. Ease of use is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the acceptance and use of an ISM. Overall, the empirical results generally support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of the effects of user ability. More detailed interpretations and implications of the findings are discussed. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide directions for future research.