• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Low back pain is a common clinical condition with heterogeneous causes and challenges to manage. High prevalence and numerous assessments result in an enormous socioeconomic burden. Clinician must conduct efficient and stepwise evaluation process to rule out serious spinal pathology, neurologic involvement, and identify risk factors for chronicity. The process can be achieved through the focused history taking and physical examination. Certain factors related to serious spinal pathology include age (>50 years), trauma, unexplained fever, recent urinary or skin infection, unrelenting night or rest pain, unexplained weight loss, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, steroid use, and widespread neurological symptoms. In non-specific low back pain, diagnostic imaging and laboratory studies are often unnecessary and can disturb an appropriate management. For the management of acute low back pain, patient education and medication such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants are recommended. For chronic low back pain, behavior therapy, back exercise, and spinal manipulation are beneficial. The evidence based approach could improve success rate of management, result in prevention of acute low back pain from being chronic intractable pain.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.513-517
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• 1999

Problems of secondary pollution and hazardous pollutants have rapidly come to the front in our society during the past few years. More attention should be paid to monitoring and assessment in order to identify the nature of complicated problems, but our air-quality policy is hurriedly seeking for management strategies. A typical example is air quality management in the industrial estates such as those located in Yochon and Ulsan. Yochon Industrial Estate was designated as a special air-quality management area of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in 1996. And VOCs in the air of Ulsan Industrial Estate has been specially controlled since 1997. In this paper, however, it is suggested that hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) rather than VOCs should have been managed in the industrial estates. History of studies on organic compounds in the air of the industrial estates is reviewed. A stepwise approach for air quality management in the industrial estates is recommended.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2001

In this paper, statistical approach is undertaken to investigate the classification of wear debris which is the key function of objective assessment of wear debris morphology. Wear tests are run to produce various kinds of wear debris. The images of wear debris from wear tests are captured with image acquisition equipment. By thresholding, two-dimensional binary images of wear debris are made and, then, morphological parameters are used to quantify the images of debris. Parametric and nonparametric discriminant method are employed to classify wear debris into predefined wear conditions. It is demonstrated that classification accuracy of parametric and nonparametric discriminant method is similar. The selected use of morphological parameters by stepwise discriminant analysis can generally improve the classification accuracy of parametric and nonparametric discriminant method.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.160-171
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• 1997

This paper starts out by reviewing the literature that in different ways utilizes patent data as a output of R&D investment. The main focus, however, is an analysis of time-lag between R&D input and output. To achieve this research objective, the basic data associated with the R&D input(expenditure, researchers) and output(patent, utilities) for the past 15 years, from 1980 to 1994, in the areas of electrical-electronic, mechanical and chemical industries have been collected. And the raw output data were altered it to objective data using Laspeyres approach and analyzed using multiple regression analysis, especially stepwise regression analysis. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: a) The time-lag between R&D input and output is from 1 to 4 years. This result is equal to the research conclusion of the existing foreign studies. b) It was found that the time-lag of patents was longer than of utility models. c) It was showed that the time-lag of electrical-electronic, mechanical industry was longer than the chemical one.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 1999

The two optimal control algorithms, singular approximation and minimum principle, were compared in this paper. The switching time with singular approximation was determined with mathematical derivation and the optimal control profile of specific growth rate was also calculated with minimum principle. The optimal control profiles were calculated by making simple model correlating the specific cell growth rate and specific product formation rate. The optimal control profiles calculated by singular approximation approach were similar to stepwise form of those calculatd by minimum principles. With the minimum principle, the product concentration was 8% more than that of singular approximation. This performance difference was due to a linearization of a nonlinear function with singular approximation. This optimal approaches were applicable to any system with different optimal cell growth and product formation.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2005

This paper investigates the application of the computer method COMSOAL (Computer Method of Sequencing Operations for Assembly Lines) to the process routing (PR) problem with multiple objectives. In any computer aided process planning (CAPP) system, one of the most critical activities for manufacturing a part could be to generate the sequence that optimizes production time, production cost, machine utilization or with multiple these criteria. The COMSOAL has been adopted to find the optimum sequence of operations that optimizes two major conflicting criteria : production cost and production quality. The COMSOAL is here slightly modified to simultaneously generate and evaluate a set of possible solutions (called as population) instead of processing a solution stepwise in each iteration. The significant features of the COMSOAL include : no parameters settings needed, and a guarantee of feasible solutions. Experimental results show that COMSOAL is a simple but powerful method to quickly generate multiple feasible solutions which are as good as the ones obtained from several other well-known process routing algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-64
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• 1991

In this paper, we present a stepwise design methodology for relational databases using a new conceptual data model, the MAO(Multiple Aspects-based Object) model. Our methodology consists two steps : first, data requirements are conceptualized using the MAO model with concepts such as objects types and aspect types : second, the MAO model is transformed into the third normal form inn the relational model supported by commercial DBMs. A top-down approach is used for the MAO modelling in the first, step, and the transformation process in the second step can be automated. Our methodology supports easier and more database design of real world than other methodologies using existing data models.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.303-306
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• 2005

In cases of brain or other organ abscess, the causative etiology or disease are not always definable. We report a case of brain, renal, and possibly lung abscesses in a middle aged woman. After close, stepwise surveillance of possible etiologic factors, we covered out a small solitary pulmonary arteriovenous fistula without any pulmonary symptoms and successfully occluded the fistula via endovascular approach. The congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula should be bear in mind as a cause of repeated, multiple systemic infective source spray and be pursued despite of negative initial baseline studies.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2000

The phase transformation of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) in crystalline state was simulated by atomistic modeling using molecular mechanics technique. The crystalline structure of PTT was successfully prepared using the well-defined unit cell structure of PTT and was satisfactorily verified by comparing that with the structure obtained from the x-ray diffraction experiments. The basic elastic properties were predicted in this study, showing that the crystalline structure of PTT is very pliable to the deformation at small strain. When the crystalline structure of PTT was stepwise deformed up to 50% of strain in chain direction under uniaxial extension condition, the change in dihedral angle of trimethylene unit from gg to tt conformation was accompanied with a large increase of stress, indicating that the phase transformation of PTT in crystalline state is difficult to occur.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.550-560
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• 2012

Objectives: QSAR methodology was applied to explain two different sets of acceptable daily intake (ADI) data of 74 pesticides proposed by both the USEPA and WHO in terms of setting guidelines for food and drinking water. Methods: A subset of calculated descriptors was selected from Dragon$^{(R)}$ software. QSARs were then developed utilizing a statistical technique, genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression (GA-MLR). The differences in each specific model in the prediction of the ADI of the pesticides were discussed. Results: The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis resulted in a statistically significant QSAR model with five descriptors. Resultant QSAR models were robust, showing good utility across multiple classes of pesticide compounds. The applicability domain was also defined. The proposed models were robust and satisfactory. Conclusions: The QSAR model could be a feasible and effective tool for predicting ADI and for the comparison of logADIEPA to logADIWHO. The statistical results agree with the fact that USEPA focuses on more subtle endpoints than does WHO.