• Title/Summary/Keyword: Stem drying method

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Effect of Stem Drying Method during Curing Process on Physico-chemical Properties in Bulk Cured Leaves (Bulk건조에서 주맥건조방법이 잎담배 이화학성에 미치는 영향)

  • 이철환;이병철;진정의
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.133-137
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    • 2000
  • The bulk curing experiment to improve the quality of flue-cured leaves were carried out to evaluate relationship between the modified(3 step-up) drying and conventional drying method in bulk curing process. Modified drying method was somewhat higher values in yellowing color index of cured leaves, and less brittle than those in conventional drying program. As to the chemical properties, there was no difference in chemical component levels in cured leaves between the modified and the conventional methods, while the major chemical compounds in relation to aromatic essential oil of cured leaves showed mostly higher level in the modified method than that in conventional drying method. Additionally 3 step-up drying method increased the tobacco quality by 2 % in price per kg compared with conventional drying method.

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Development of Shattering Machine for Sesame (II) - Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Drying Stand for Sesame - (참깨 탈립 작업기계 개발에 관한 연구(II) - 건조대 제작 및 성능평가 -)

  • Lee, Jong-Su;Kim, Ki-Bok
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.420-424
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    • 2009
  • Since the sesame pod gets open gradually from the lower to upper parts of the stem due to its different maturity during cutting and binding of sesame, at the conventional work for shattering, the procedures of drying and shattering are repeated two or three times. Therefore, in this study, a drying stand with transparent plastic cover was developed to complete the drying and shattering at the same time. Owing to the developed drying stand, simple drying work, the area for drying was reduced prevention of sesame seeds from loss and rain are available. The performance of developed drying stand was evaluated. Before the drying stand was developed, the conventional method and shattering machine for shattering sesame required at least three times of operation for complete shattering. But After drying stand was developed, the complete shattering works was possible with only one time shattering operation. Finally, the developed drying stand could prevent approximately 5% of the total sesame seed production from loss during drying and shattering works.

Review of Literature on Food Preservation of the Early Joseon Dynasty (조선전기 고문헌에 수록된 식품저장법에 대한 문헌고찰)

  • Kim, MyeongJun;Cha, GyungHee;Chung, HyeJung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.28-54
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to investigate the food preservation methods adopted by the Joseon Dynasty, which existed before the 17th century. A total of 232 food preservation methods were discovered in 25 books, and could be classified by their targeted food types: vegetables (84), sea foods (60), meats (41), fruits (37), and others (10). Depending on the preservation method applied, they are classified as food drying, soaking, mud cellar preservation, and other preservation. Food drying is further classified into 8 sub-types: drying, sun-drying, shadow-drying, wind-drying, dry heat, combined drying, smoking, and others. Soaking could be sub-divided into using salt, ash, dry sand, bran, fermented paste, wet distillers grains, oil, and others. Mud cellar preservation is sub-classified into installing shelf inside the mud cellar, making the mud cellar for food preservation, and making hole or underground tunnel for food preservation. Other food preservation methods include minimizing moisture loss by applying beeswax on a section of the vegetable stem, and cutting the vegetables or fruits with their branches and leaves for food preservation.

Aboveground Biomass of 30 Years Old Chamaecyparis obtusa Plantation in Jinhae (진해지역 30년생 편백 인공림의 지상부 현존량)

  • 이광수;정영교
    • Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out with Urich II method for estimating the aboveground biomass of 30 years old Chamaecypris obtuse plantation in Jinhae, Cyeongnam province, in order to solve problems of exhaustion of many time and manpower in field survey for estimating biomass of stands. The results were summarize as follows; Total aboveground biomass production of stands was 137.3ton/ha, which was 71.8% of stem, 15.4% of branch and 12.8% of leaf. Foliage biomass of stands was maximized on the 9.2~11.2m of total height. The ratio of biomass for each part of tree in Chamaecypris obtusa plantation was in order of, stem, branch and leaf in dominant and co-dominant tree, and was stem, leaf and branch in recessive tree. drying ratio by components were ranged 47.3~49.2% of stem, 48.8~52.9% of branch, 39.2~40.8 of leaf and 0.78%~0.89% of died branch. Specific gravity by sample tree was 0.49~0.53 range and there was not significantly different among sample tree.

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Development of a Kiln Dry Schedule for Lindera erythrocarpa Grown in Hongsung, Chungnam Province, Korea (충남 홍성지역에서 자란 비목나무(Lindera erythrocarpa)의 열기건조스케쥴 개발)

  • Kang, Chun-Won;Kang, Ho-Yang
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2018
  • Lindera erythrocarpa is a less utilized species in Korea although that it has straight stem and it grows up to 40 cm in diameter. A proper kiln-dry schedule is required in advance to utilize an unknown species. Terazwa's quick oven-dry method was used to find it and which was confirmed by drying 25 mm thick boards in a kiln. The average green moisture content and the average green specific gravity of Lindera erythrocarpa are 72.3% and 0.53, respectively. Prospective kiln-drying conditions obtained by Terazwa's quick oven-dry method are a initial dry-bulb temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, a initial wet-bulb depression of $4^{\circ}C$ and a final dry-bulb temperature of $75^{\circ}C$, which are in a good agreement with USDA FPL kiln-dry schedule of T5-D4. 25 mm thick boards dried in a kiln with T5-D4 kiln-dry schedule did not have any severe drying defects such as honycombing and warping. A severer kiln-dry schedule of T8-C5 was developed and applied to another kiln-drying run to confirm it.

Effect of Air Flow During Curing Process on Physical Properties of Bulk Cured Leaves (황색종 Bulk건조시 송풍량 조절에 따른 건조엽의 물리성 변화)

  • 이철환;진정의;한철수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 1999
  • In recent years, the line of increase in policy on tobacco production triggered a rise in the loading volume per bulk curing barn, and manufacturers boosted the output of their blowers in order to prevent dirty leaves in the process of curing. for this reason, we studied the effect of the reducing air flow in bulk curing chamber from the color fixing stage to the stem drying stage of flue curing process on physical properties of cured leaves. The control of air flow was composed of the reducing air velocity of blower by means of a voltage regulator (slidac), and condition before color fixing stage was all the same with the conventional curing method. As a result, an effectiveness of improvement in the physical properties of cured leaves were observed. The leaves cured by this method were somewhat orange in color of upper stalk position, better bodied, and less brittle compared with the leaves produced by conventional curing. However, the leaves cured by this method had a little sharpness and harshness. As to the physical properties, there was decreased in occurrence of flat leaves than that of conventional ones. On the other hand, in case of reducing air flow during the curing process, increase of price per kg reached to about 5 % compared with those of conventional curing method.

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Required Mowing Power and Bale Density of Miscanthus × Giganteus for Field Biomass Harvesting using Different Methods

  • Jun, Hyeon-Jong;Choi, Il-Su;Kang, Tae-Gyoung;Choi, Yong;Choi, Duck-Kyu;Lee, Choung-Keun
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.253-260
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This study investigated the harvesting properties of the giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ${\times}$ giganteus) to measure the required mowing power for different stem conditioning methods in order to shorten the drying time after mowing and the bale density so that the crop can be used as biomass in the winter season. Methods: The required mowing power and bale density were measured using a power measurement device, three different mower-conditioners, and a mid-sized round baler under different working speeds and conditioning methods. Results: For the various mower-conditioners, the average stem length from mowing was 0.86-0.91 m, and the available working speed was 1.6 m/s. The steel roller-type mower-conditioner showed better stem conditioning but could not mow over a working speed of 1.6 m/s. The required average power of the mower-conditioners varied from 23.8 kW for the steel roller-type rotary disk mower-conditioner with a working width of 2.4 m to 37.2 kW for the flail-type rotary disk mower-conditioner with a working width of 3.2 m at a working speed of 1.6 m/s. The bale densities were $155.8-172.2kg/m^3$. The highest bale density was measured for stems with no conditioning and a moisture content of 11.3% (d.b.) mowed by the rotary disk mower. The bale density was affected by the mowing method because of the low moisture content of the miscanthus stems. Conclusions: In terms of the working performance and conditioning statue, the steel roller-type mower-conditioner is a better choice at a working width of 2.4 m, while the flail finger-type mower-conditioner is better at a working width of 3.2 m. The type of mower-conditioner used for giant miscanthus harvesting should be determined by considering the harvest area, workable period, and working performance of a mower-conditioner and baler during the winter.

Studies on the Flavonoid Compositions of Elsholtzia spp. (향유속(Elsholtzia spp.) 식물자원의 플라보노이드 성분 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Um, Hye-Jin;Kim, Gun-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.103-107
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    • 2007
  • Elsholtzia spp., a herbaceous perennial plant grown worldwide, have been used as a folklore medicine. Due to the presence of flavonoid in their extracts, Elsholtzia spp. have various functional properties. The objective of this research was to compare the amount of flavonoids in Elsholtzia spp. extracts in order to improve the potential of by using their functional properties. Elsholtzia spp. were collected in various areas of Korea. These were divided into leaf, flower, stem, and root. Each sample was dried using various drying method and ground to a powder. The powdered sample prepared was extracted with 80% ethanol. Extracts were analysed for the content of total flavonoids and apigenin by HPLC. Higher content of flavonoids was observed in the extracts of leaves and flowers. In previous study, apigenin among flavonoids was detected from Elsholtzia spp. so, apigenin content was analysed by HPLC. According to the results, the extracts of leaf and flower had the higher apigenin content than other samples.

Age Identification by Restoration of Red Ginseng (원형복원에 의한 홍삼의 연근 판별)

  • Jang, Se-Young;Shin, Ju-Sik;Seok, Young-Seon;Han, Yun-Kyung;Chung, Chan-Moon
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.153-157
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to identify the age of red ginseng using the stem vestige counting methods and annual ring staining method. The samples were soaked, humidified, and restored before identifying the age. Root tissue was removed from rhizome after soaking treatment in $50^{\circ}C$ water for three days. It was found to be useful for precise identification of age. Safranine staining for counting the annual ring in sliced ginseng was not useful due to the poor staining. However, annual ring was clearly revealed whenr humidified sliced ginseng or soaked sliced ginseng were dried mechanically. These two method was useful to identify the age of red ginseng.