• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.345-358
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• 2005

The response of single story buildings and other case studies are investigated to observe trends in response and to develop a better understanding of the impact of some design parameters on the seismic response of CBF. While it is recognized that many parameters have an influence on the behavior of braced frames, the focus of this study is mostly on quantifying energy dissipation in compression and its effectiveness on seismic performance. Based on dynamic analyses of single story braced frame and case studies, it is found that a bracing member designed with bigger R and larger KL/r results in lower normalized cumulative energy, i.e., cumulative compressive energy normalized by the corresponding tensile energy (${\sum}E_C/E_T$), in both cases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.717-732
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• 2011

Nonlinear dynamic analysis and evaluation of eccentric braced steel frames (EBF) equipped with friction damper (FD) is studied in this research. Previous studies about assessment of seismic performance of steel braced frame with FD have been generally limited to installing this device in confluence of cross in concentrically braced frame such chevron and x-bracing. Investigation is carried out with three types of steel frames namely 5, 10 and 15 storeys, representing the short, medium and high structures respectively in series of nonlinear dynamic analysis and 10 slip force values subjected to three different earthquake records. The proper place of FD, rather than providing them at all level is also studied in 15 storey frame. Four dimensionless indices namely roof displacement, base shear, dissipated energy and relative performance index (RPI) are determined in about 100 nonlinear dynamic analyses. Then average values of maximum roof displacement, base shear, energy dissipated and storey drift under three records for both EBF and EBF equipped with friction damper are obtained. The result indicates that FD reduces the response compared to EBF and is more efficient than EBF for taller storey frames.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.1121-1137
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• 2016

A large number of structure in the world were build with poor seismic details, with or without any lateral load resisting system like concentrically braced frames and steel plate shear walls. These structures can reveal deteriorating hysteretic behaviors with stiffness and strength degradation. Therefore, seismic retrofitting of such structures for drift control has vital importance. In this study a retrofit methodology has been developed, which involves diagonal bracing of steel frames with different cable arrangements. In the experimental and numerical program 5 different lateral load resisting system were tested and results compared with each other. The results indicated that multi-cable arrangements suggested in this study showed stable ductile behavior without any sudden decrease in strength. Due to the usage of more than one diagonal cable, fracture of any cable did not significantly affect the overall strength and deformation capacity of the system. In cable braced systems damages concentrated in the boundary zones of the cables and beams. That is why boundary zone must have enough stiffness and strength to resist tension field action of cables.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호통권65호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2003

철골가새골조 내 가새 부재의 에너지 소산 등의 이력 특성을 조사하기 위하여 비선형 구조해석 프로그램인 DRAIN-2DX를 이용한 단층 구조물의 동적 해석을 수행하였다. 가새 부재의 세장비(KL/r) 및 구조물 반응 수정 계수(R)을 변수로 15개의 가새 부재가 설계되었고 인공지진을 포함 6개의 지진기록을 사용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 총 90개의 동적 해석 및 해석결과 비교 분석을 통하여 다음의 사실을 알 수 있었다. (1) 큰 반응 수정 계수(R)로 설계된 철골가새골조 내의 가새 부재가 구조물이 우수한 연성 거동을 통하여 큰 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$를 갖게 되리라 예상과는 달리 해석 결과 큰 R값으로 설계된 가새 부재가 좌굴 이후 심한 강도 저하를 보이고 작은 가새 부재력으로 설계되기 때문에 오히려 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$가 작았다. (2) 해석 결과 Lee and Bruneau (2002)에 의해 수집된 실험 결과들을 근거로한 실험 자료, 모두 세장한 가새 부재가 대부분의 경우 더 큰 연성을 갖기는 하지만 작은 축적된 에너지 비$({\Sigma}E_C/E_T)$를 갖고 있다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2010

여러 연구자들에 의해 최적화 알고리즘을 이용한 최적내진설계에 관한 연구가 컴퓨터의 발달과 더불어 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 지금까지의 최적내진설계에 관한 연구는 대부분 모멘트저항골조를 대상구조물로 한 연구였다. 가새골조는 모멘트저항골조와 더불어 대표적인 횡력저항시스템이기 때문에 가새골조의 최적내진설계기법 개발을 통해 경제적이며 효율적인 설계가이드라인을 제시할 수 있다면 실무에 미치는 파급효과는 클 것이라 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 가새의 좌굴을 고려한 역V형 특수중심가새골조의 최적내진설계 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 구조물의 물량과 에너지 소산량을 목적함수로 설정하고, 강도조건 및 층간변위 조건등의 제약조건으로 설정한다. 알고리즘의 검증을 위해 2D 3층, 9층 역V형 특수중심가새골조 예제를 적용한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2014

In this research the effect of seismic design level as a practical approach for progressive collapse mitigation and reaching desired structural safety against it in seismically designed concentric braced frame buildings was investigated. It was achieved by performing preliminary and advanced progressive collapse analysis of several split-X braced frame buildings, designed for each seismic zone according to UBC 97 and by applying various Seismic Load Factors (SLFs). The outer frames of such structures were studied for collapse progression while losing one column and connected brace in the first story. Preliminary analysis results showed the necessity of performing advanced element loss analysis, consisting of Vertical Incremental Dynamic Analysis (VIDA) and Performance-Based Analysis (PBA), in order to compute the progressive collapse safety of the structures while increasing SLF for each seismic zone. In addition, by sensitivity analysis it became possible to introduce the equation of structural safety against progressive collapse for concentrically braced frames as a function of SLF for each seismic zone. Finally, the equation of progressive collapse safety as a function of bracing member capacity was presented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.455-466
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• 2022

Despite the considerable lateral stiffness and strength of the Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF), it suffers from low ductility and low seismic dissipating energy capacity. The buckling of the diagonal members of the CBF systems under cyclic loading ended up to the shortcoming against seismic loading. Comprehensive researches have been performing to achieve helpful approaches to prevent the buckling of the diagonal member. Among the recommended ideas, metallic damper revealed a better success than other ideas to enhance the behavior of CBFs. While metallic dampers improve the behavior of the CBF system, they increase constructional costs. Therefore, in this paper, a new steel damper with flexural mechanism is proposed, which is investigated experimentally and numerically. Also, a parametrical revision was carried out to evaluate the effect of thickness, slenderness ratio, angle of the main plate, and height of the main plates on the proposed damper. For the parametrical study, 45 finite element models were analyzed and considered. Experimental results, as well as the numerical results, indicated that the proposed damper enjoys a stable hysteresis loop without any degradation up to a high rotation equal to around 31% that is significantly considerable. Moreover, it showed a suitable performance in case of ductility and energy dissipating. Besides, the necessary formulas to design the damper, the required relations were proposed to design the elements outside the damper to ensure the damper acts as a ductile fuse.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2013

가새골조는 가장 경제적이고 효과적인 내진시스템 중 하나로써 자주 사용된다. 그러나 중앙부 거셋플레이트를 포함하는 다층 X-형 가새골조의 경우, 실무에서 뿐만 아니라 거동에 대한 연구도 드물다. 그 결과, 이 시스템의 내진 성능과 접합부 설계에 미치는 영향은 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이 영향을 파악하기 위해 선행해석연구가 수행됐고 이 선행연구는 실험체 제작 전에 수행되어 시스템 거동을 예측하고 효과적인 디자인을 위해 수행되었다. 선행연구 결과를 보면 중앙부(X 교차부) 거셋플레이트와 코너부 거셋플레이트의 거동이 상당히 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 선행연구의 결과로 결정된 실제크기의 2층 중심가새골조 실험체의 실험결과와 해석결과를 요약하였고 그 결과를 비교하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The researches related to active control systems utilizing superelastic shape memory alloys (SMA) have been recently conducted to reduce critical damage due to lateral deformation after severe earthquakes. Although Superelastic SMAs undergo considerable inelastic deformation, they can return to original conditions without heat treatment only after stress removal. We can expect the mitigation of residual deformation owing to inherent recentering characteristics when these smart materials are installed at the part where large deformation is likely to occur. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research is to develop concentrically braced frames (CBFs) with superelastic SMA bracing systems and to evaluate the seismic performance of such frame structures. In order to investigate the inter-story drift response of CBF structures, 3- and 6-story buildings were design according to current design specifications, and then nonlinear time-history analyses were performed on numerical 2D frame models. Based on the numerical analysis results, it can be comparatively verified that the CBFs with superelastic SMA bracing systems have more structural advantages in terms of energy dissipation and recentering behavior than those with conventional steel bracing systems.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2019

Passive steel dampers have shown favorable performance in last earthquakes, numerical and experimental studies. Although steel dampers are more affordable than other types of damper, they are not economically justified for ordinary buildings. Therefore, in this paper, an innovative steel damper with shear yielding mechanism is introduced, which is easy to fabricate also can be easily replaced after sever earthquakes. The main goal of implementing such a mechanism is to control the possible damage in the damper and to ensure the elastic behavior of other structural components. The numerical results indicate an enhancement of the hysteretic behavior of the concentrically braced frames utilizing the proposed damper. The proposed damper change brittle behavior of brace due to buckling to ductile behavior due to shear yielding in proposed damper. The necessary relations for the design of this damper have been presented. In addition, a model has been presented to estimate load-displacement of the damper without needing to finite element modeling.