• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2002

The half-value breadth off-ray diffraction profile line is generally used for a factor in nondestructive hardness measuring method of steel. In this paper, the problem in using the half-value breadth for the hardness measuring method is evaluated in strain hardened steel. And new hardness measuring method using residual stress is proposed X-ray diffraction test after rolling contact fatigue test of ball bearing with inner race of various hardness are carried out to measure the distribution of residual stress and half-value breadth from surface. The result of this study shows that there is little correlation between half-value breadth and hardness in the higher strength region and in the region increasing the hardness by strain hardening. But the magnitude of residual stress on/under race after rolling contact fatigue test becomes clearly to be correlative with hardness. Thus, it is concluded that the hardness of strain hardened steel can be estimated by this relationship between residual stress and hardness.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.15 no.9 s.90
• /
• pp.648-653
• /
• 2006

In this study, the characteristics of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining(WEDM) of the high-hardened mold steel were investigated. WEDM experiments have been carried out based on parameter of wire diameter, pulse on time, pulse off time, feed rate and cycle etc. From the results, the optimized WEDM cycle of RIGOR steel has been revealed as $5{\sim}7$ times. Also, geometrical accuracy of the Core Pin is dependent on WEDM wire radius machining condition and wire chattering.

• Cement Symposium
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 1973

Improvement of grinding efficiency about open circuit grinding mill in cement production was investigated and the results were as follows; 1. Controlled the steel ball by charging ratio. 2. Raised the slot ratio from 3$\%$ to 4.5$\%$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.721-722
• /
• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.421-424
• /
• 2007

Dry sliding wear behavior of ultra-fine grained (UFG) plain low carbon dual phase steel, of which microstructure consists of hard martensite in a ductile ferrite matrix, has been investigated. The wear characteristics of the UFG dual phase steel was compared with that of a coarse grained dual phase steel under various applied load conditions. Dry sliding wear test were carried out using a pin-on-disk type tester at various loads of 1N to 100N under a constant sliding speed condition of 0.20m/s against an AISI 52100 bearing steel ball at room temperature. The sliding distance was fixed as 1000m for all wear tests. The wear rate was calculated by dividing the weight loss, measured to the accuracy of 10-5g by the specific gravity and sliding distance. The worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by SEM, EDS and profilometer. Micro-vickers hardness of the cross section of worn surfaces were conducted to analyze strain hardening underneath the contact surfaces. The wear mechanism of the UFG dual phase steel was investigated with emphasis on the unstable nature of the grain boundaries of the UFG microstructure.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2016

The current study was conducted to elucidate the effect of cementite morphology and matrix-ferrite microstructure on sliding wear behavior in spheroidized high carbon (1wt. % C) steel. The high carbon steel was initially heat treated to obtain a full pearlite or a martensite microstructure before the spheroidization. The spheroidizing heat treatment was performed on the full pearlitic steel for 100 hours at 700℃ and tempering was performed on the martensitic steel for 3 hours at 650℃. A spheroidized cementite phase in a ferrite matrix was obtained for both the full pearlite and the martensite microstructures. Sliding wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk wear tester with the heat treated steel as the disk specimen. An alumina(Al₂O₃) ball was used as the pin counterpart during the test. After the spheroidizing heat treatment and the tempering, both pearlite and martensite exhibited similar microstructures of spheroidized cementite in a ferrite matrix. The spheroidized pearlite specimens had lower hardness than the tempered martensite; however, the wear resistance of the spheroidized pearlite was superior to that of the tempered martensite.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.16 no.4 s.94
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2007

Dry sliding wear behavior of ultra-fine grained(UFG) plain low carbon dual phase steel, of which microstructure consists of hard martensite in a ductile ferrite matrix, has been investigated. The wear characteristics of the UFG dual phase steel was compared with that of a coarse grained dual phase steel under various applied load conditions. Dry sliding wear test were carried out using a pin-on-disk type tester at various loads of 1N to 100N under a constant sliding speed condition of 0.20m/s against an AISI 52100 bearing steel ball at room temperature. The sliding distance was fixed as 1000m for all wear tests. The wear rate was calculated by dividing the weight loss, measured to the accuracy of 10-5g by the specific gravity and sliding distance. The worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by SEM, EDS and profilometer. Micro-vickers hardness of the cross section of worn surfaces were conducted to analyze strain hardening underneath the contact surfaces. The wear mechanism of the UFG dual phase steel was investigated with emphasis on the unstable nature of the grain boundaries of the UFG microstructure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.2196-2204
• /
• 1996

The damage mechanism by the impact of steel ball on the soda-lime glass having a different surface roughness was investigated. An initiation and a propagation behavior of cracks formed by each impact velocity were quantitatively studied. A 4-point bending test was carried out to evaluate the remaining bending strength of a scratched soda-lime glass which impacted by the steel ball. As the surface roughness was increased, the shape of cracks became more irregular rather than those of the smooth specimens. The phenomenon of turning up in the wing of cone cracks occurred even at the lower velocity than the critical velocity caused the crushing. The threshold velocity of cracks initiation generally became lower than those of smooth specimen. An initiation and a propagation behavior of radial cracks had no relation with the direction of scratch on the surface. The remaning benidng strength of the scratched specimen according to impact velocity had no big difference compared with those of the smooth specimen.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 2014

Multiple additives can help improve the performance of generally used lubricants. These additives include MoS2, cadmium, chloride, indium, sulfide, and phosphide, which are harmful to both humans and the environment. Thus, researchers in this industry have been trying to reduce the use of these additives by finding alternatives. Nanodiamonds are one of these candidates. Nanodiamond particles are very hard, chemically stable, and highly heat-conductive. This research involved uniformly dispersing nanodiamond particles in marine engine oils via a matrix synthesis method at various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt). Friction and wear tests involved constant loads on ball-on-disk specimens, where the ball was AISI 51200 steel, the disk was AISI 1020 steel, and the sliding speed was 0.217 m/s. The lowest wear occurred at a suitable concentration of nanodiamonds (0.3 wt). However, excessive amounts of nanodiamonds caused them to act as abrasive debris because of their hardness, which increased the wear amount. The friction coefficient decreased as the nanodiamond concentration increased because their octagonal, almost spherical shape caused them to act as rolling contact elements between two surfaces.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2015

In terms of food safety,mixture of contaminants in food is a serious problem for not only consumers but also manufacturers. In general, the target size of the metallic contaminant to be removed is 0.5 mm. However, it is a difficult task for manufacturers to achieve this target, because of lower system sensitivity. Therefore, we developed a food contaminant detection system based on high-Tc RF superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which are highly sensitive magnetic sensors. This study aims to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the system and detect a 0.5 mm diameter steel ball. Using a real time digital signal processing technique along with analog band-pass filters, we improved the SNR of the system. Owing to the improved SNR, a steel ball with a diameter as small as 0.3 mm, with stand-off distance of 117 mm was successfully detected. These results suggest that the proposed system is a promising candidate for the detection of metallic contaminants in food products.