• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2017

To gain more knowledge of aluminum foam sandwich structure and promote the engineering application, aluminum foam sandwich consisting of 7050 matrix aluminum foam core and 304 stainless steel face-sheets was studied under three-point bending by WDW-T100 electronic universal tensile testing machine in this work. Results showed that when aluminum foam core was reinforced by 304 steel face-sheets, its load carrying capacity improved dramatically. The maximum load of AFS in three-point bending increased with the foam core density or face-sheet thickness monotonically. And also when foam core was reinforced by 304 steel panels, the energy absorption ability of foam came into play effectively. There was a clear plastic platform in the load-displacement curve of AFS in three-point bending. No crack of 304 steel happened in the present tests. Two collapse modes appeared, mode A comprised plastic hinge formation at the mid-span of the sandwich beam, with shear yielding of the core. Mode B consisted of plastic hinge formation both at mid-span and at the outer supports.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.256-263
• /
• 2015

Electric resistance spot welding has been used to join overlapped steel sheets in automotive bodies. Recently to reduce weight in automotive vehicles, non-ferrous metals are being used or considered in car bodies for hoods, trunk lids, doors parts, etc. Various welding processes such as laser welding, self-piercing rivet, friction stir welding are being used. In the current study, a new electric resistance heated friction stir spot welding is suggested for the spot welding of non-ferrous metals. The welding method can be characterized by three uses of heat -- electric resistance heating, friction stir heating and conduction heating of steel electrodes -- for the fusion joining at the interfacial zone between the two sheets. The welding process has variables such as welding current, diameter of the steel electrodes, revolutions per minute (rpm) of the friction stir pin, and the insert depth of the stir pin. In order to obtain the optimal welding variables, which provide the best welding strength, many experiments were conducted. From the experiments, it was found that the welding strength could be reached to the required production value by using an electrode diameter of 10mm, a current of 7.6kA, a stirring speed of 400rpm, and an insert depth of 0.8mm for the electric resistance heated friction stir spot welding of 5052 aluminum 1.5mm sheets.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.637-648
• /
• 2021

Nowadays, one of the practical, fast and easy ways to strengthen steel elements is the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). Most previous research in the CFRP strengthening of steel members has carried out on straight steel members. The main difference between horizontal curved beams and straight beams under vertical load is the presence of torsional moment in the horizontal curved beams. In the other words, the horizontal curved beams are analyzed and designed for simultaneous internal forces included bending moment, torsional moment, and shear force. The horizontal curved steel beams are usually used in buildings, bridges, trusses, and others. This study explored the effect of the CFRP strengthening on the behavior of the horizontal curved square hollow section (SHS) steel beams. Four specimens were analyzed, one non-strengthened curved steel beam as a control column and three horizontal curved steel beams strengthened using CFRP sheets (under concentrated load and uniform distributed load). To analyze the horizontal curved steel beams, three dimensional (3D) modeling and nonlinear static analysis methods using ANSYS software were applied. The results indicated that application of CFRP sheets in some specific locations of the horizontal curved steel beams could increase the ultimate capacity of these beams, significantly. Also, the results indicated when the horizontal curved steel beams were under distributed load, the increase rate in the ultimate capacity was more than in the case when these beams were under concentrated load.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.512-518
• /
• 2001

It has been well known that 6.5wt% Si steel sheets have excellent magnetic properties such as low core loss. high maximum permeability and low magnetostriction. In this work, we studied a method for producing 6.5wt% Si steel sheets using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The following is the procedure adopted in this work to produce 6.5wt% Si steel sheets; SiCl$_4$ gas is applied onto a low content-Si steel sheet placed in a tube furnace. Silicon atoms resulted from the decomposition of SiCl$_4$ are permeated through the surface of the steel sheet. Finally, by the diffusion process maintaining it under a high temperature the silicon atoms diffuse uniformly into the sheet. Through this process, 6.5wt% Si steel sheets can be obtained. The manufactured Fe-6.5wt% Si steel sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm exhibited a high frequency core loss (W$_{2}$1k/) of 8.92 W/kg. Its permeability increased from 37,100 to 53,300 at 1 tesular(T). The mechanical properties of the manufactured steel sheets were also estimated and the result showed that the workability was significantly improved by annealing in vacuum at 773k. Increased plastic deformation was also observed prior to fracture and the amount of grain boundary rupture was reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2021

Copper sheets has been used widely in electric and electron industry fields because they have good electric and heat conduction property of the material. And, in order to bond copper material, a kind of soldering process is generally used. But, because it is difficult to bond by soldering between overlapped thin copper sheets, so, another kind of brazing bonding process can be used in that case. But, because the brazing process needs wide bonding area, it needs heat treatment process in electric furnace. Generally, for spot welding of sheets, a conventional electric Resistance Spot Welding process(RSW) has been used, it has welding characteristics using contact resistance heating induced by electric current flow between sheets. But, because copper sheets has the low electric resistance, it is difficult to weld by electric resistance spot welding. So, in this study, an electric Resistance heated Surface Friction Spot Welding process(RSFSW) is suggested and is testified for the spot welding ability of thin copper sheets. It is known from the experimental results and simulation that the suggested spot welding process will be able to improve the spot welding ability of copper sheets by the combined three kinds of heating generated by surface friction by rotating pin, and conducted from heated steel electrode, and generated by contact resistance of electricity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 1994

Press formabilities of aluminum sheets for automobile body were investigated. Plane strain stretching test (called RIST-PSST), cupping test and U bending test were performed to assess the press formability of aluminum sheets respectively. The results showed that aluminum sheets are generally inferior to cold-rolled steel sheet of deep drawing quality (CSP3N) in press formability. The limiting punch height (LPH) and limiting plane strain (FLCo) of aluminum sheets are 50%-70% level compared to that of CSP3N. Moreover, the limiting drawing ratios(LDR) of aluminum sheets are ranged between 1.95 and 2.1. The poor press formability of aluminum sheets is responsible for low values of total elongation and plastic anisotropy parameter in tensile characteristic. The shape fixability of aluminum sheets evaluated in U bending test is very poor due to its low elastic modulus compared to CSP3N.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2002

Effect of lip shape on the hole flangeability of high strength steel sheets is investigated. Circular plates of various hole sizes are tested and the variation of lip length as well as the variation of thickness on the sectional views of the finished lip were studied. The conventional hole flanging process is limited to a certain limit hole diameter below which failure will ensue during the hole expansion. The intention of this work is to examine the effect of lip shape on the flangeability of TRIP steel and Ferrite-Bainite duplex steel and find out major parameters which can affect flanging shape of high strength hot rolled steels. Over the ranges of conditions investigated, the minimum hole diameter of F+B steel is better than TRIP steel. while, the lip-shape accuracy of TRIP steel is better than that of F+B steel. although the tensile strength and elongation of %P steel are superior than those of Ferrite-Bainite duplex steel, the flangeability is found to be not so strongly sensitive to the tensile properties but sensitive to displacement on the circumferential direction of hole edge.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.400-406
• /
• 1998

The press formability analysis of welding parts was studied in the current work by the tailor welded blank. The press formability was tested by means of the flash weldability and the formability for two kinds of materials (SPCC & S35C). The results indicate that SPCC & S35C steel sheets showed good weldability and formability after an optimum welding conditions. The independent operation variables were characterized by strength of welding parts, deformation after the welding, press formability of welding parts and productibility of welding. The weldability and the quality of welding parts of the flashed SPCC steel sheet was superior to those of the S35C steel sheet, since a higher carbon content in steel sheet led to a higher hardness. The experimental results were discussed by the evaluation of the results obtained from tensile test, hardness test, micro-structure and V bending test.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1996

The spot weldability of coated steels for automobile has been investigated. Coated steels of SPC-Zn DC, SPC Zn-Ni SC, SPC Zn-Ni DC, SPC Zn-Fe DC and OCCS were welded under different conditions of welding current, force and time. Coating thickness at the welded surface was reduced as increased welding current. Tensile shear strength(TSS) and cross tensile strength (CTS) were increased up to expulsion began, then dropped as increased current. Optimum conditions of welding force and time were different, however 200~250kgf and 15~20cycle were optimum for coated SPC (Steel Plate Cold). Weldability lobes were measured for each coated steel and they showed narrow range of working welding current. The organic composite coated steel (OCCS) had the highest current to get $\sqrt5{t}$ nugget size and narrowest working welding current range.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.195-198
• /
• 2009

In this study, in order to get the forming limit of AHSS sheet in the negative minor strain region, the shapes of die corner and drawbead are redesigned by employing the Taguchi's design of experiment method and the FEM forming simulation. With the redesigned FLD tool, the forming limit tests of automotive multi-phase(Dual Phase and Complex Phase) steel sheets which induce the normal fractures on the blank are performed.