• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.1218-1230
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• 2019

A sub-channel solver, named ${\underline{S}}teady$ and ${\underline{T}}ransient$ ${\underline{A}}nalyzer$ for ${\underline{R}}eactor$ ${\underline{T}}hermal$ hydraulics (START), has been developed using the homogenous model for two-phase conditions of light water reactors. The code is developed as a fast and accurate TH-solver for coupled and multi-physics calculations. START has been validated against the NUPEC PWR Sub-channel and Bundle Test (PSBT) database. Tests like single-channel quality and void-fraction for steady state, outlet fluid temperature for steady state, rod-bundle quality and void-fraction for both steady state and transient conditions have been analyzed and compared with experimental values. Results reveal a good accuracy of solution for both steady state and transient scenarios. Axially different values for turbulent mixing coefficient are used based on different grid-spacer types. This provides better results as compared to using a single value of turbulent mixing coefficient. Code-to-code evaluation of PSBT results by the START code compares well with other industrial codes. The START code has been parallelized with the OpenMP algorithm and its numerical performance is evaluated with a large whole PWR core. Scaling study of START shows a good parallel performance.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2013

Convex combination of two adaptive filters is an efficient method to improve adaptive filter performances. In this paper, a subband convex combination method of two adaptive filters for fast convergence rate in the transient state and low steady state error is presented. The cost function of mixing parameter for a subband convex combination is defined, and from this, the coefficient update equation is derived. Steady state analysis is used to prove the stability of the subband convex combination. Some simulation examples in system identification scenario show the validity of the subband convex combination schemes.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2011

The availability of a high quality open source CFD simulation platform like OpenFOAM offers new R&D opportunities by providing direct access to models and solver implementation details. Efforts have been made by Hydro-Qu$\'{e}$bec to adapt OpenFOAM to hydroturbines for the development of steady-state capabilities. This paper describes the developments that have been made to implement new turbomachinery related capabilities: multiple frames of reference solver, domain coupling interfaces (GGI, cyclicGGI and mixing plane) and specialized boundary conditions. Practical use of the new turbomachinery capabilities are demonstrated for the analysis of a 195-MW Francis turbine.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2006

A new method measuring thermal conductivity of fluids is proposed in this research. It is based on the steady state heat transfer from a hot central cylinder to a cold outer cylinder located concentrically. This method guarantees more stable measurement than conventional THM(transient hot-wire method) due to its simplicity of theoretical principle. Measurements was made for the three nanofluid samples with different particle concentration of pure, 2% and 4%. Nanofluids are made by mixing the pure transformer oil with AlN nano particles. Design of the sensor module and experimental procedures are explained and comparison of the measuring data between present method and THM was made in detail.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2018

Two liquids which are generally used as fuels of rockets are mixed and their mixing process is quantitatively investigated by the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV). As working fluids for the liquid mixing, Dimethylfuran (DMF) and JetA1 oils have been used. Since the specific gravity of DMF is larger than that of JetA1 oil, the DMF oil has been set at the lower part of the JetA1 oil. For better visualization of the mixing process, Rhodamin B powder has been blended into the DMF oil. An agitator having 3 blades has been used for mixing the two liquids. For quantitative visualization, a LCD monitor has been used as a light source. A color camera, camcoder, has been used for recording the mixing process. The images captured by the camcoder have been digitized into three color components, R, G, and B. The color intensities of R, G, and B have been used as the inputs of the neural network of which hidden layer has 20 neurons. Color-to-concentration calibration has been performed before commencing the main experiments. Once this calibration is completed, the temporal changes of the concentration of the DMF has been quantitatively analyzed by using the constructed measurement system.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

본 연구에서 물 흐름에 일정한 농도로 포 소화약제를 정확하게 혼합하는 포 소화설비용 소화약제 혼합장치의 성능향상을 위하여 포소화약제의 정량 혼합특성을 분석하였다. 펌프, 탱크, 압력계, 유량계, 노즐로 구성되는 성능평가 시스템을 사용하여 개발된 프로포셔너의 성능이 실험적으로 평가하였다. 결과적으로 라인프로포셔너의 포소화약제 혼합성능은 벤츄리 효과에 의한 물유량 증가와 오리피스 단면적 증가에 따라 증가하고 오차율 $\pm4%$이내의 범위에서 물 유량과 포소화약제 양의 혼합농도 3%의 성능을 보였다. 프레셔프로포셔너의 경우 물 유량 증가와 입구압력 증가에 따라 혼합성능이 증가하고 오차율 $\pm2%$이내의 범위에서 물 유량과 포소화약제 양의 혼합농도 3%의 성능으로 분석되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2016

For reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethane was mixed in the mixing head by impingement mixing, injected into the mold, and cured quickly, as soon as the mold is filled. The shape of the nozzle in the mixing head is critical to improve the quality of polyurethane. To achieve homogeneous mixing, an intensive turbulence energy in the mixing nozzle is essential. In this study, a mixing nozzle for RIM was designed, and mixing efficiency was investigated based on experiment. Experiments were conducted with different combinations of nozzle tips and exit diameter to measure the mixing efficiency by measuring jet force and investigating mixing image with high speed camera. Jet force increased gradually and reaches steady state conditions. The jet force depended on shape of nozzle tip and outlet sizes. These results suggest that optimized nozzle configurations are necessary for high efficiency mixing with RIM.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.513-524
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• 1996

Laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluat the mixing effects on organic removal efficiency to treat low-strength synthetic wastewater using modified anaerobic - filter reactor combining anaerobic filter and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. Using the modified process the low-strength wastewater like municipal sewage could be treated with 85% T-COD removal efficiency at hydraulic retention time of 6 hours. At the constant organic loading of 0.5 kg COD/m 3-day, the organic removal efficiency and effluent COD concentration are increased as influent COD concentration increased from 125 mg/l to 500 mg/l. Mixing effects on organic removal efficiency are evident and optimum mixing speed is found as 50RPM. Placing the granular sludge and media on which slime layer was pre-formed into the reactor seemed to be very effective In achieving short start-up period. Therefore, the steady state was achived after 4 weeks and 1 week based on T-COD and S-COD, respectively.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2001

Mean concentrations of ammonia gas released as a tracer from an isolated low-rise building have been measured and predicted. Predictions were calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and two dispersion models: a diffusion model and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique. Explicit account was taken of the natural variation of wind direction by a technique based on the weighted summation of individual steady state wind direction results according to the probability density function of the wind direction. The results indicated that at distances >3 building heights downstream the weighted predictions from either model are satisfactory but that in the near wake the diffusion model is less successful. Weighted solutions give significantly improved predictions over unweighted results. Lack of plume spread is identified as the main cause of inaccuracies in predictions and this is linked to inadequate resolution of flow features and mixing in the CFD model. Further work on non-steady state simulation of wake flows for dispersion studies is recommended.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.253-262
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• 1992

A numerical procedure is introduced to calculate local ventilation effectiveness using the definitions of local decay rate and local mean age. A low Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is implemented to calculate steady state turbulent velocity distributions, and a step-down method is used to calculate transient concentration distributions. Simulations are carried out for several different values of air change rates and several different diffuser angles in a two-dimensional model of a half scale office room. The results show that the local ventilation effectiveness within a room could vary significantly from one location to another. The nominal air change rate based on the assumption of complete mixing of room air does not provide the local ventilation effectiveness information. It is numerically proved that the local mean age distribution obtained from the transient calculation is equivalent to the steady state concentration distribution with homogeneously distributed contaminant sources.