• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2012

IFRS에 따른 재무제표 작성은 연결재무제표의 주재무제표화, 원칙중심의 회계처리기준 등으로 인해 재무제표 본문의 간략화 및 다양화, 상세내역 및 비재무사항 주석기재 요구량 증대 등 공시 전반에 걸친 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 한편 K-IFRS체제하의 적정공시 방향에 대한 기존의 연구와 검토들은 IFRS 전면도입의 당위론적 배경과 제도변화 초기상황이라는 시기적 요인에 따라 기준제정기구나 감독기관 중심으로 공시요구사항 증대나 정보의 완전성(completeness) 측면에 초점을 두고 전개되어 온 것이 사실이다. 이에, 본 연구는 기존의 접근에 더하여 보고기업 및 정보이용자의 관점에서 보다 균형적인 IFRS 적용에 따른 적정공시 방향성을 도출하고자 하였다. 먼저 주요기업 재무공시 실태 검토 결과, 2010년, 2011년 재무공시에서 다수의 미준수사항 또는 권고할 사항이 지적되었다. 이러한 원인으로는 IFRS 기준의 성격에 따른 문제, 업종별 기업별 특성에 따른 문제, IFRS 도입비용 및 촉박한 공시기한 등 공시기업의 부담 측면이 지적될 수 있으며, 이는 정보이용자 입장에서의 이해가능성 및 활용도, 비교가능성 저하를 일으키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실태의 개선을 위해, 제도의 완화/지원 측면에서 적용대상 기업의 추가 세분화 필요성 검토, 주석공시 내용과 범위 조정, 공시시기 조정 및 다원화, 공시환경 및 인센티브 지원 방안이 제안되었으며, 공시요구 강화 측면에서 기업, 정보이용자 참여비중 확대를 반영한 K-IFRS 제정체계 개선과 표준화된 세부양식 정의 및 적용의무화 필요성이 제시되었다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.125-158
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• 2012

After liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, there was the three-year period of United States Army Military Government in Korea. In 1948, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and Republic of Korea were established in the north and south of the Korean Peninsula. The Republic of Korea is now a modern state set in the southern part of the Korean. We usually refer to Koreans as people who belong to the Republic of Korea. Can we say that is true exactly? Why make of this an obsolete question? The period from 1945 when Korea was emancipated from Japanese colonial rule to 1948 when the Republic of Korea was established has not been a focus of modern Korean history. This three years remains empty in Korean history and makes the concept of 'Korean' we usually consider ambiguous, and prompts careful attention to the silence of 'some Koreans' forced to live against their will in the blurred boundaries between nation and people. This dissertation regards 'Koreans' who came to live in the border of nations, especially 'Korean-Japanese third generation women artists'who are marginalized both Japan and Korea. It questions the category of 'Korean women's art' that has so far been considered, based on the concept of territory, and presents a new perspective for viewing 'Korean women's art'. Almost no study on Korean-Japanese women's art has been conducted, based on research on Korean diaspora, and no systematic historical records exist. Even data-collection is limited due to the political situation of South and North in confrontation. Representation of the Mother Country on the Artworks by First and Second-Generation Korean-Japanese(Zainich) Women Artists after Liberation since 1945 was published in 2011 is the only dissertation in which Korean-Japanese women artists, and early artistic activities. That research is based on press releases and interviews obtained through Japan. This thesis concentrates on the world of Korean-Japanese third generation women artists such as Kim Jung-sook, Kim Ae-soon, and Han Sung-nam, permanent residents in Japan who still have Korean nationality. The three Korean-Japanese third generation women artists whose art world is reviewed in this thesis would like to reveal their voices as minorities in Japan and Korea, resisting power and the universal concepts of nation, people and identity. Questioning the general notions of 'Korean women' and 'Korean women's art'considered within the Korean Peninsula, they explore their identity as Korean women outside the Korean territory from a post-territorial perspective and have a new understanding of the minority's diversity and difference through their eyes as marginal women living outside the mainstream of Korean and Japanese society. This is associated with recent post-colonial critical viewpoints reconsidering myths of universalism and transcendental aesthetic measures. In the 1980s and 1990s art museums and galleries in New York tried a critical shift in aesthetic discourse on contemporary art history, analyzed how power relationships among such elements as gender, sexuality, race, nationalism. Ghost of Ethnicity: Rethinking Art Discourses of the 1940s and 1980s by Lisa Bloom is an obvious presentation about the post-colonial discourse. Lisa Bloom rethinks the diversity of race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender each artist and critic has, she began a new discussion on artists who were anti-establishment artists alienated by mainstream society. As migration rapidly increased through globalism lead by the United States the aspects of diaspora experience emerges as critical issues in interpreting contemporary culture. As a new concept of art with hybrid cultural backgrounds exists, each artist's cultural identity and specificity should be viewed and interpreted in a sociopolitical context. A criticism started considering the distinct characteristics of each individual's historical experience and cultural identity, and paying attention to experience of the third world artist, especially women artists, confronting the power of modernist discourses from a perspective of the white male subject. Considering recent international contemporary art, the Korean-Japanese third generation women artists who clarify their cultural identity as minority living in the border between Korea and Japan may present a new direction for contemporary Korean art. Their art world derives from their diaspora experience on colonial trauma historically. Their works made us to see that it is also associated with postcolonial critical perspective in the recent contemporary art stream. And it reminds us of rethinking the diversity of the minority living outside mainstream society. Thus, this should be considered as one of the features in the context of Korean women's art.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.107-123
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• 2020

최근, Multi-GNSS 위성시스템 인프라 환경의 안정화와 이종 위성 조합 활용에 대한 효용성이 입증되면서 측위, 항법 및 시간 정보 관련 응용 등 다양한 산업 분야에서 실시간 Multi-GNSS 조합 활용의 분위기가 높아지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 가장 수요층이 많은 저가형 1주파 GNSS 위성 수신기 사용자를 대상으로 정적 및 동적 환경에서 4가지 Multi-GNSS 측량기법에 RTCM-SSR 보정류(streams)를 적용, Multi- GNSS 위성의 1주파 실시간 단독측위(SF-RT-PP)의 효용성을 평가하고 대응 과제를 도출하는 것이다. SSR 보정류를 4가지 Multi-GNSS 측위 기법에 연계하여 정적 및 동적 시험장에 적용한 결과, CNES의 SSRa00CNE0 서비스가 2차원 좌표성분에서 다른 SSR 보정류에 비해 양호한 결과를 제시하였다. Multi-GNSS 위성의 Carrier를 활용한 SF-RT-PP 측위 결과, 공통적으로 고도성분에서 큰 편차가 발생되었는데 이에 대한 원인 규명 및 SF-RT-PPP 측위에서 비차감 비조합 전리층 지연보정과 이종 위성조합에 따른 신호 Bias 보정의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, Multi-GNSS 위성의 인프라 환경 향상으로 4종의 GNSS 위성 중, 1종 위성만으로도 SF-SPP 측위가 가능함을 확인하였다. 특히, GPS 위성의 1주파 신호만을 활용한 RT-SPP 측위에서 Code 기반 SF-RT-SPP 측위의 경우, 위성궤도/시계 보정관련 보통력과 SSR 보정 간 효과는 미소한 반면, 전리층 보정의 경우는 Klobuchar 모델에 비해 SBAS 보정 정보를 활용한 경우가 높이에서 약 2배 이상의 정확도 향상 효과를 공통적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 향후, 2020년말 Galileo 및 BDS 위성 인프라가 완성되면서 Multi-GNSS 위성의 지역 특성이 반영된 실시간 전리층지연 및 기상특성을 반영한 SSR 조정 서비스가 진행될 경우, SF-RT-PPP 활용성 및 여러 산업부문의 다양한 수요 창출이 기대된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.70-95
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• 2013

건륭(乾隆) 3년(1569)에 제작된 일본 교토(京都) 고려(高麗)미술관 소장의 <치성광여래강림도(熾盛光如來降臨圖)>는 조선 전기 치성광여래강림도상으로는 현재 유일한 것이다. 보존상태가 양호하여 작품 내 거의 모든 도상과 旁題銘의 판독이 가능한 상태이며 화기 부분도 크게 손상되지 않았다. 작품은 홍색을 올린 바탕에 금니화로 $84.8{\times}66.1cm$의 비교적 작은 크기의 불화이다. 이 작품은 화면 중앙 치성광여래를 중심으로 하여 존명이 적혀 있지 않은 양대보살, 십일요(十一曜)와 천황성(天皇星), 옥황상제(玉皇上帝) 및 이십팔숙(二十八宿), 황도십이궁(黃道十二宮), 삼태육성(三台六星), 북두칠성(北斗七星) 등이 배치되어 조선시대 성수신앙의 일 단면을 살펴볼 수 있는 좋은 자료가 되고 있다. 이 작품의 도상은 고려본 치성광여래강림도와 같은 계열이기는 하지만 일부 성수에서 자미성, 천황성과 같은 도교적 성수가 등장하고 여래형 북두칠성 등 의미있는 도상변화가 나타나고 있어 조선시대 성수신앙의 전개과정을 알 수 있다. 본 <치성광여래강림도>는 주요 권속으로 십일요가 중심이 되긴 하였으나 계도성이 생략되고 월패성도 중심에서 벗어나 있어 십일요 구성에 대한 개념은 약화되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 자미성, 옥황대제, 천황제와 같은 도교의 성수신이 포함되면서 도교와 불교 성수신의 뚜렷한 구분이 없어지는 현상도 나타나고 있다. 이 불화에 나타난 이십팔수의 별자리 그림은 중국의 치성광여래도와는 달리 우리나라 천문도의 별자리 그림을 정확히 반영하고 있어 성수신앙의 독자성도 엿볼 수 있었다. 북두칠성과 칠원성군을 동시에 그려서 칠성신앙을 강조한 사실은 칠성신앙의 중요도가 점차 높아지고 있음을 반영하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 작품의 제작 수준으로 보아 대시주 '최씨도령(崔氏徒令)'은 유복한 계층의 어린아이일 가능성이 높아, 이 작품이 자손의 연명(延命), 소재(消災) 등을 기원하면서 제작된 호신부적 성격의 불화였을 것으로 추정해볼 수 있었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

암반으로 구성되어 있는 급경사($65{\sim}80^{\circ}$) 암반사면들이 장기간 안정한 상태로 유지되고 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 이와 유사한 지반상태로 이루어진 굴착 암반사면에서 불연속구조가 비탈면의 안정성에 유리한 방향으로 분포하고 있는 경우에는 발파암 경사기준인 1 : 0.5 ($63^{\circ}$)보다 급한 경사를 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 비탈면 설계기준의 경사 결정 과정에서 급경사로 적용할 수 있는 예비 암반조건이 정량적으로 설정되어 있으면 설계 실무측면에서 지침으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 상기 암반을 양호한 연속체 암반으로 정의하고, 양호한 연속체 암반조건에 대해 공학적인 준거를 제공할 목적으로 범용적인 RMR, SMR, GSI 분류를 활용하여 정량적인 설정기준 범위를 제안하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 다음과 같다. 암석종류별로 급경사 $65{\sim}80^{\circ}$)에서 안정한 비탈면을 연구 대상으로 선정하고, Face mapping 결과를 반영하여 RMR과 SMR 및 GSI 분류하였다. Hoek-Brown 파괴기준을 활용하여 산정된 강도정수를 현 상태의 암반사면 안정해석에 적용하여 나타난 결과를 검토하였다. 급경사로 안정하게 유지되는 지반조건으로서 예비기준의 타당성을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 상기 연구방법으로 분석 검토한 결과, 양호한 연속체 암반비탈면은 Basic RMR ${\geq}50$ (퇴적암에서는 45), GSI SMR ${\geq}45$로 설정할 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 한계평형 해석의 안전율은 Fs = 14.08~67.50 (평균 32.9)이고, 유한요소해석의 변위는 0.13~0.64 mm (평균 0.27 mm)이다. 이는 급경사($65{\sim}80^{\circ}$)로 오랜 기간 동안 안정하게 유지되고 있는 양호한 연속체 암반사면의 안정성을 정량적으로 표현하고 확인하는 결과로 볼 수 있다. 양호한 연속체 암반사면에 대한 암반기준 설정범위는 자료가 축적되면 좀 더 세부적인 설정기준을 확립할 수 있을 것이고 추후 연구과제이기도 하다. 1 : 0.1~0.3의 급경사에서도 안정할 경우에, 해외 설계기준 및 사례를 참고하여 급경사의 상한 기준을 1 : 0.3으로 설계하면 경제성과 친환경성을 확보하는 이점이 있게 된다. 또한 굴착기술과 식생기술 발달 및 다양한 친환경적 사면 설계기법으로 급경사에 따른 심리적 불안감과 급격한 지반이완을 극복할 수 있을 것이다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제48호
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• pp.93-139
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• 2016

신문의 역할은 정부의 비판과 감시다. 공공의 문제에 해설과 논평을 하는가 하면 다양한 여론을 형성하고 전달한다. 메타데이터가 확실한 사진 기록물을 담고 있으며, 지역신문의 경우 로컬리티 확보의 중요한 도구다. 신문에 실린 광고와 신문의 편집 역시도 시대의 단면을 보여준다. 이런 신문의 기록학적 가치 때문에 도큐멘테이션 전략을 수립할 때도 신문은 늘 우선적으로 수집이 고려되는 기록물이다. 신문을 보존하고 관리하기 위한 신문 아카이브는 여러모로 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 기자들이 기사를 작성하기 위해 이용하기도 하고, 다양한 학문 분야의 연구를 위한 자료로도 활용이 된다. 신문의 교육적 활용인 NIE에도 이용되지만 신문 아카이브는 디지털 시대에 들어와 더욱 중요한 위치를 차지한다. 미디어 자산을 통합 관리하는 MAM의 핵심에 아카이브가 위치하기 때문이다. 신문 제작뿐만 아니라 신문사 경영 등 전 영역에 걸쳐 새로운 역할을 온라인 아카이브가 하게 될 거라는 전망들이 나오고 있다. 한국에서도 이미 1991년 기사통합 DB인 KINDS가 서비스를 시작했고, 네이버에서는 뉴스 라이브러리라는 온라인 신문 아카이브를 구축해 운영하고 있다. KINDS의 경우 초기에는 뜨거운 반응이 있었으나, 현재는 이용률이 저조한 상태이다. "조선일보", "중앙일보" 등 주요 신문사가 빠져 있고, 이용자 인터페이스도 불편한 점이 많기 때문이다. 하지만 공공예산이 투입되어 무료로 이용할 수 있다는 점이나, 지방지에 대한 접근성 등은 큰 장점이다. 고신문의 경우 국립중앙도서관에서 지속적으로 디지타이징을 하고 있다. 개별 신문사들의 경우도 아카이브라고 하기 민망한 수준이자만 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 미국의 경우 의회도서관에서 국립인문기금과 함께 역사적 신문을 디지타이징 하는 'CHRONICLING AMERICA' 프로젝트를 진행 중이다. 각 주의 대학과 역사협회, 공공 도서관에 기금을 줘 매년 10만 페이지의 지역신문을 디지타이징하고 있다. 영국 역시도 국립도서관이 중심이 되어 'The British NEWSPAPER Archive'라는 온라인 신문 아카이브를 구축하고 있는데, 미국과 달리 유료로 운영된다. 이곳 역시도 합동정보시스템위원회의 공공예산이 투입되었으며, 지금도 구축을 계속 이어가고 있다. 개별 신문사들은 아카이브 솔루션을 구매해 온라인 아카이브를 구축하는 경우가 많다. ProQuest Archiver, Gale Cengage-NewsVault가 대표적인 아카이브 플랫폼으로 신문 자체가 표준화되고 규격화되어 있는 만큼 이를 통한 아카이브 구축도 효율적인 방법으로 보인다. 국내의 온라인 신문 아카이브를 개선하기 위해서는 아카이브에 대한 인식의 전환과 함께 과감한 투자 등이 요구된다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권37호
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• pp.361-392
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• 2014

회화에 있어서 대상을 사실적으로 표현한 작품들은 19세기 중반 프랑스에서 G.쿠르베가 당시의 아카데미즘 화풍에 반항하면서 사실주의를 주창하였고 이에 동조하는 H.도미에나 F.밀레와 같은 화가들에 의해 사실주의풍의 작품들이 본격적으로 제작되었다. 이후 사실주의는 미술을 비롯해서 문학영역 전반에까지 확대되었고 예술작품과 문학작품에 지대한 영향을 주었다. 만화 또한 회화의 한 형식으로서 그 역사적 맥락을 같이하며 사실주의적인 만화가 당시의 화가나 만화가들에 의해 제작되어지기 시작하였다. 이러한 사실주의 만화(Realism Comics)는 사실에 기초해서 이야기를 다룬 만화로서 내용적으로는 당대의 사회적 현실을 객관적으로 묘사하고 재현시키는 것이 가장 중요한 목적중의 하나였지만 시각적 측면 즉, 대상의 표현 면에서는 반드시 사실적이라고 단정 지어 말할 수는 없었다. 그러던 중 1980년대 이후 미국과 유럽을 중심으로 만화와 소설의 중간 형식을 띈 그래픽 노블이 탄생하게 되었다. 그래픽 노블은 슈퍼 히어로물이 넘쳐나던 미국 만화시장에 문학성과 예술성이 강한 형식과 양식을 갖추고 나타났으며, 그 주요 특징으로는 내용적으로나 시각적으로나 매우 사실적으로 표현되어 있다는 점이다. 이는 마치 그 서사구조나 그림들이 그래픽으로 연출된 소설이나 문학작품을 보는 듯 복잡하고 섬세하며 예술적 작품성까지 지니고 있다. 그래픽 노블에서 보여 지는 사실적 표현의 특징들은 이전의 만화작품과 비교하여 볼 때 상당히 큰 차이점들을 발견할 수 있다. 시대의 유행을 따르기보다는 개성이 강한 작가주의적 그림 스타일의 특색을 보이며, 작품의 완성도가 상당히 높으면서도 독창적이고 실험적인 표현기법이나 방식들로 인해 회화나 일러스트와 같이 예술작품으로 인정받기 시작했다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 최근 국내에서도 헐리우드 블록버스터 영화가 잇따라 개봉되어 흥행에 성공하면서부터 원작 그래픽 노블에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가되었다. 따라서 많은 원작 그래픽 노블이 번역되어 판매되기 시작하였고 이러한 세계적인 흐름과 유행에 발맞추어 한국의 일부 작가들이 그래픽 노블류의 작품들을 제작하기 시작하였다. 그러나 그래픽 노블을 표방하며 제작되어진 국내 작품들을 살펴보면 그 형식과 정통성 측면에서 여러 가지 견해가 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본 연구는 한국적 그래픽 노블의 대표적 작품이라고 할 수 있는 권가야의 <남한산성>에 초점을 맞추었으며, 특히, 대상의 사실적 표현이라는 시각적 측면에 중점을 두고 그 특징들과 유사성 등을 분석해보고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 그래픽 노블에 대한 정체성과 현주소를 되짚어보고 미국이나 유럽 그리고 일본의 그래픽 노블과는 차별화된 우리만의 독창적인 소재를 개발, 활용함으로써 한국적 그래픽 노블이 경쟁력을 갖춘 만화의 한 장르로 더욱 발전할 수 있도록 모색하는 계기가 되었으면 한다. 더 나아가 침체되어 있는 국내 만화시장에 새로운 활력소가 되기를 희망한다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2008

산업재 거래관계에서 구매자와 공급업체간의 장기 거래관계의 형성은 전형적인 현상이며 그동안 많은 연구들이 이러한 장기관계의 결정 요인과 그로 인한 결과에 관해 다양한 연구들을 수행해 왔다고 할 수 있다. 특히 금속산업은 산업재의 대표적인 산업 분야로 미국 금속산업 시장의 경우 기업당 평균 매출이 최소 10억 달러가 넘는 중요한 시장이라고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 중요한 의미를 갖는 미국 금속산업 시장에서 구매기업과 공급기업간의 거래관계를 형성하는 대표적인 요인으로 구조적 결합이라는 개념을 정립하고 이러한 구조적 결합을 결정하는 네가지 주요 변수(기술, 대체안 비교수준, 거래특유자산, 거래 중요성)들을 찾아내 이를 연구모형화하고 각각의 변수에 대한 연구가설을 다음과 같이 설정하였다. H1: 기술수준은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H2: 대체안 비교수준은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H3: 거래특유자산은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H4: 거래의 중요성은 구조적 결합에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. H5: 구조적 결합은 몰입의 수준에 정의 영향을 미칠 것이다. 연구 가설의 검증을 위해 미국 금속산업에서 400개 기업을 선정해 설문조사를 실시 하였고 총 139개의 설문지를 회수하여 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 연구 가설과 연구 모형의 검증을 위해 구조방정식 모형과 LISREL을 사용하였고 최종 분석 결과 모든 가설이 체택되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 통한 마케팅전략적 시사점과 연구가 갖는 한계점에 대하여도 결론 부분에서 토론하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.