• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

Construction of the Pyongyang Railroad Station began in 1907 as an important foothold for the Japanese colonization of the Korean Peninsula and the further invasion of Manchuria. As Pyongyang gradually grew in size and political significance, the Pyongyang Station came to have two responsibilities: Fulfill its functional role and serve as a monument to the growing dignity of the city. This study argues that the Pyongyang Station, newly rebuilt in 1958, was the first building to solve the demands for both functional expansion and the pursuit of monumentality. Stylistically, the original single-story wooden building became a three-story classical masonry building. The stylistic change symbolizes the political shift by which the building was reconstructed. The simple wooden building built by the Japanese, representing Pyongyang's status as a colonial provincial town, was transformed into an imposing gateway for the capital city of a newly born socialist state. Socialist Realism, correctly described by its slogan "socialist in content and national in form," harmoniously blended classical architecture, socialist symbols, and Korean local motifs. This study is significant in that it illustrates the historical changes and continuity of the Pyongyang Station from 1907, when it was first built, through the "liberated space" to the postwar reconstruction period of the 1950s.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.10-23
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• 2022

Despite the significant progress in camera pose estimation and structure-from-motion reconstruction from unstructured images, methods that exploit a priori information on camera arrangements have been overlooked. Conventional state-of-the-art methods do not exploit the geometric structure to recover accurate camera poses from a set of patch images in an array for mosaic-based imaging that creates a wide field-of-view image by sewing together a collection of regular images. We propose a camera pose estimation framework that exploits the array-structured image settings in each incremental reconstruction step. It consists of the two-way registration, the 3D point outlier elimination and the bundle adjustment with a constraint term for consistent rotation vectors to reduce reprojection errors during optimization. We demonstrate that by using individual images' connected structures at different camera pose estimation steps, we can estimate camera poses more accurately from all structured mosaic-based image sets, including omnidirectional scenes.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2012

Purpose: Arterialized venous flap is useful for reconstruction of the traumatic soft tissue defect in fingers, but insufficient circulation of the traumatic fingers makes surgeons annoying to use the flap. We have grafted flaps in 7 fingers with insufficient vascular bed hoping to expanded the category of the flap. Materials and Methods: Arterialized venous flap have transplanted in 7 fingers from March 2008 through February 2010 and followed up for 4 to 16 months(average 7.2 months). They were all male with a mean age at the time of surgery was 33. The main injury was crushing in 4 degloving, contact burn and saw injury was I respectively. Time interval from injury to flap transplantation was average 3.1. weeks(3 days to 6 weeks). Designed flap size ranges from $8cm{\times}3.5cm$to $4cm{\times}3cm$. Vessel type of flap was one artery with two veins were 5 cases and one artey with one vein 2. Flap type was cutaneous in 3, tendocutaneous 2, neurotendocutaneous 1 and neurocutaneous 1. The circulation state of recipient site was avascular in 2 cases, insufficiency 3 and tip avascular 2. Results: Arterialized venous flap was complete survived in 2 cases, partial necrosis(less than 10%) 3 and failed in 2. Conclusion: An arterialized venous free flap could be a useful procedure for reconstruction in soft tissue or combined defect of the finger despite an avascular or insufficient vascular beds if the recipient beds were free from infection.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary intakes and nutritional status in total gastrectomized patients. We assessed the nutritional status by dietary intake, anthropometric data and biochemical data. And we also checked the subjective postprandial symptoms and gastrofiberscopy to detect the reflux esophagitis in 22 patients who were free of tumors for more than 1 year after total gastrectomy by the three different reconstruction methods(Loop esophagojejunostomy with A-loop tie/ Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy/Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with Paulino pouch). Any patients were not in malnutrition status in respect to biochemical data. By assessing the dietary intake, the average daily calorie intake was 1848.2$\pm$440.2kcal, it was 105.9$\pm$23.8% of energy requirement. But there was weight loss in 21 patients of 22 patients after operation and the weight loss was 12.8% of preoperative weight(61.0$\pm$7.9 vs. 53.5$\pm$6.7kg, preoperatively vs. at the time of study). This may suggest that continuous nutritional care is necessary after total gastrectomy to promote sufficient calorie intake, keeping good nutritional state. There were no significant differences between the methods of reconstruction and dietary intakes or nutritional status. Endoscopic esophagitis was more frequently found in patients of loop esophagojejunostomy than any other reconstruction methods(p<0.001), but it didn't show any effect on the dietary intakes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2008

Purpose: It is known that the chronic absence of unilateral breast can cause spine curvature. The artificial breast manufactures take up the position of that possibility. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of the mastectomy on the spine and appearance of scoliosis among women who wanted delayed breast reconstruction. ted delayed breast reconstruction. Methods: The study population consisted of 47 women who underwent delayed breast reconstruction at our Department of Plastic Surgery from April 2001 to May 2007. The whole spine anteroposterior and lateral X-ray was taken to evaluate the Cobb's angle. As a general rule a Cobb angle of 10 is regarded as a minimum angulation to define scoliosis. We evaluated Cobb's angle and drew a correlation between the duration of the mastectomy state and the weight of the mastectomy specimen. Results: There were no family history of scoliosis, and no numbness or weakness in the upper or lower extremities. They had normal reflex and experienced no tenderness of the perispinal area. The Spearman Correlation Coefficient between Cobb's angle and the period that took time from the mastectomy to the X-rays and analysis between Cobb's angle and specimen weight was 0.032 and-0.115. there were no correlation between Cobb's angle and time, or between Cobb's angle and specimen weight. Conclusion: lthough the patients attribute their back pain and distorted posture to having received an one-sided mastectomy, it is unlikely that one-sided mastectomy causes spinal deformity and scoliosis.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2020

전방십자인대 재건술은 수술의 시기, 수술 기법, 이식건의 선택 및 고정 방법, 재활 등 각각의 수술 과정을 성공적으로 수행해야하는 수술이다. 여러 과정들 중에서 이식건의 선택과 고정 방법은 아주 중요한 과정 중에 하나이지만 아직 술자들 간에 많은 논쟁의 여지가 있다. 이식건의 장단점에 관해 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있지만 여전히 이상적인 건에 대한 결론은 없다. 이와 유사하게 대퇴터널 및 경골터널 고정 방법에 대해서도 최근 많은 방법들이 개발되고 소개되고 있지만 그중에서 가장 좋은 방법을 찾지 못한 상태이다. 그래서 술자는 다양한 이식건과 고정 방법에 대하여 익숙해져야 하며 각각의 방법에 대한 장단점을 잘 알고 있어야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 종설은 전방십자인대 손상에서 이식건의 선택과 고정 방법에 대하여 지금까지 밝혀진 연구들을 분석하고 이에 관해 논의하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1085-1090
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• 2009

There are currently five primary breeds of Chinese gamecock, the Henan, Luxi, Tulufan, Xishuangbanna andZhangzhou. Though there is historical evidence of cockfighting in China dating as far back as 2,800 years, the origin and genetic relationships of these breeds are not well understood. We used sequence variation from the mtDNA cytb gene and control region (1,697 bp) to examine the domestication history and genetic relationship of the Chinese gamecock. From 75 samples (14-16 per breed) we found 34 haplotypes, and 45 variable nucleotides. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated multiple origins of the gamecock breeds. The breeds in the north and center of China, Tulufan, Luxi and Henan, clustered together in a haplogroup and may have the same ancestor. However the southern breeds, Zhangzhou and Xishuangbanna clustered into two isolated haplogroups, suggesting another two origins of Chinese gamecock. Meanwhile, extensive admixture was also found because samples from different breeds, more or less, were always grouped together in the same clades. Based on these results, we discuss the possibilities of multiple origins of gamecock breeds, from both ancestral gamecocks as well as other domestic chickens and red jungle fowl.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

State-of-charge (SOC) is one of the significant indicators to estimate the driving range of the electric vehicle and to control the alternator of the conventional engine vehicles as well. Therefore its precise estimation is crucial not only for utilizing the energy effectively but also preventing critical situations happening to the power train and lengthening the lifetime of the battery. However, lead-acid battery is time-variant, highly nonlinear, and the hysteresis phenomenon causes large errors in estimation SOC of the battery especially under the frequent discharge/charge. This paper proposes a novel estimation technique for the SOC of the Lead-Acid battery by using a well-known Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and an electrical equivalent circuit model of the Lead-Acid battery considering diffusion and hysteresis characteristics. The diffusion is considered by the reconstruction of the open circuit voltage decay depending on the rest time and the hysteresis effect is modeled by calculating the normalized integration of the charge throughput during the partial cycle. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified through the experiments.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2013

Risk assessment should be processed when physical circumstances of airspace such as establishment of new flight procedures or reconstruction of existing airspace are planned to change and one of the alternatives for the change have to be selected. This is an effort to find the best alternative which is able to maintain at or above the acceptable risk level. ICAO and its contracting states provide specialized guidance material for 'Safety Management System' relating to handing airspace matters. These manuals include a conceptual framework for managing safety as well as some of the systemic processes and criteria used to meet the objectives of a State's safety programme. This criteria must be established in compliance with the State's laws and regulations for air safety and for the fulfillment of the State's safety goals. This study is to carry out the risk assessment criteria through literature reviews relevant to the safety management, and to propose the results of criteria to be applicable for establishing flight procedure design process.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2023

This article focuses on the Namdaemum repair and the Seokguram restoration, which had begun in 1961, as an important repair conducted during the time of seeking the conservation principle of architectural heritage after liberation in Korea. Through the analysis of the principles described in the repair report issued after the two repairs, meeting records, and related expert announcements, it is shown that the principle of 'preservation of the historic state' had been established at Namdaemun repair and later have changed to the principle of 'restoration of the historic form' which means reconstruction in Seokguram restoration. By analyzing the minutes of the Cultural Heritage Committee's meeting on the repair of other cultural properties during this period, it is revealed that the key terms related to the preservation principle, 'historic form' and 'restoration', were given meaning as 'object' and 'method' of preservation, and then 'restoration of the historic form' has been gradually used as a conservation principle.