• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.317-346
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• 2019

Performance assessment of pavements proves useful, in terms of handling the ride quality, controlling the travel time of vehicles and adequate maintenance of pavements. Roughness profiles provide a good measure of the deteriorating condition of the pavement. For the accurate estimates of pavement roughness from dynamic vehicle responses, vehicle parameters should be known accurately. Information on vehicle parameters is uncertain, due to the wear and tear over time. Hence, condition monitoring of pavement requires the identification of pavement roughness along with vehicle parameters. The present study proposes a scheme which estimates the roughness profile of the pavement with the use of accurate estimates of vehicle parameters computed in parallel. Pavement model used in this study is a two-layer Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a nonlinear Pasternak foundation. The asphalt topping of the pavement in the top layer is modeled as viscoelastic, and the base course bottom layer is modeled as elastic. The viscoelastic response of the top layer is modeled with the help of the Burgers model. The vehicle model considered in this study is a half car model, fitted with accelerometers at specified points. The identification of the coupled system of vehicle-pavement interaction employs a coupled scheme of an unbiased minimum variance estimator and an optimization scheme. The partitioning of observed noisy quantities to be used in the two schemes is investigated in detail before the analysis. The unbiased minimum variance estimator (MVE) make use of a linear state-space formulation including roughness, to overcome the linearization difficulties as in conventional nonlinear filters. MVE gives estimates for the unknown input and fed into the optimization scheme to yield estimates of vehicle parameters. The issue of ill-posedness of the problem is dealt with by introducing a regularization equivalent term in the objective function, specifically where a large number of parameters are to be estimated. Effect of different objective functions is also studied. The outcome of this research is an overall measure of pavement condition.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2015

A creative innovation and an innovative problem-solving of industrial companies can be achieved by overcoming the challenges of technical and physical contradictions. The approaches to address conflicting and paradoxical problems, such as technical and physical contradictions have a crucial role in advancing the quality assessment for manufacturer and service provider. The term, technical contradiction, depicts the state that improvement of one ends of IFR (Ideal Final Result) leads to unfavorable condition of the other ends, and results in conflicting problem. Another type of contradictions that's discussed in this study is a physical contradiction which is due to two mutually opposing states of the means of ends, and gives paradoxical situation. By integrating the means-ends chain perspectives, the physical contradiction that is a specifically root-causes, "means", can be initially addressed to resolve the downstream problem of technical contradiction which represents a general and abstract goals, "ends". This research suggests IFR resolution processes to handle both physical contradiction of means and technical contradiction of ends by employing causal relationship with IFR, effects and causes. In summary, the study represents three major processes that resolve such contradictions are demonstrated as follows: 1) Derivation of causal and hierarchical relationship among IFR, ends and means by considering CAED (Cause-And-Effect Diagram) and LT (Logic Tree). 2) Identification of causal relationship between physical contradiction and technical contradiction by using TPCT (TRIZ Physical Contradiction Tree) and TCD (Technical Contradiction Diagram). 3) Application of integrated TRIZ principles by classifying 40 inventive principles into 4 general conditions of the separation principle of mutually opposite states in space, in time, based on conditions, and between the parts and the whole. In order to validate the proof of proposed IFR resolution processes, the analysis of the TRIZ case studies from National Quality Circle Contest in the years, 2011 to 2014 have been proposed. The suggested guidelines that are built based on TRIZ principles can uniquely enhance the process of quality innovation and assessment for quality practitioners.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2013

The aim of this paper was to propose a new method of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery planning and model surgery based on the concept of 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). A 22-year-old man with Class III malocclusion was referred to our clinic with complaints of facial deformity and chewing difficulty. To correct a prognathic mandible, facial asymmetry, flat occlusal plane angle, labioversion of the maxillary central incisors, and concavity of the facial profile, bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was planned. After preoperative orthodontic treatment, surgical planning based on the concept of 6 DOF was performed on a surgical treatment objective drawing, and a Jeon's model surgery chart (JMSC) was prepared. Model surgery was performed with Jeon's orthognathic surgery simulator (JOSS) using the JMSC, and an interim wafer was fabricated. Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and malar augmentation were performed. The patient received lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior cephalometric analysis in postretention for 1 year. The follow-up results were determined to be satisfactory, and skeletal relapse did not occur after 1.5 years of surgery. When maxillary and mandibular models are considered as rigid bodies, and their state of motion is described in a quantitative manner based on 6 DOF, sharing of exact information on locational movement in 3-dimensional space is possible. The use of JMSC and JOSS will actualize accurate communication and performance of model surgery among clinicians based on objective measurements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2603-2607
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• 2009

$LiNi_{0.5-x}Co_{2x}Mn_{0.5-x}O_{2}$ (x = 0, 0.1, 1/6, 1.2, 0.3) were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement. $LiNi_{0.5-x}Co_{2x}Mn_{0.5-x}O_{2}$ samples give single phases of hexagonal layered structures with a space group of R-3m for x = 0.1, 1/6, 0.2, and 0.3. The lattice constants of a and c-axis were decreased with the increase in Co contents in samples. The thickness of MO2 slab was decreased and inter-slab distance was increased with the increase in Co contents in $LiNi_{0.5-x}Co_{2x}Mn_{0.5-x}O_{2}$. According to XPS analysis, the valence states of Mn, Co, and Ni in the sample are mainly +4, +3, and +3, respectively. The discharge capacity of 202 mAh/g at 0.1C-rate in the potential range of 4.7 - 3.0 V was obtained in $LiNi_{0.3}Co_{0.4}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ sample, and $LiNi_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.4}O_2$ gives excellent cycle performance in the same potential range.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Based on the trend of pluralization and globalization the collapse of national borders now is a manifestation of mixed and compromised cultures and societies. It is also emerging as a hybrid fashion in fashion. Hybrid fashion means creating a new image by mixing various cultures beyond the time and space. This study aims to analyze the current state of Chinese fashion design and present its direction by grasping the characteristics of hybrids in the works of rising Chinese fashion designers in the era of pluralization. The research method was literature review and empirical research. According to the selection criteria of new fashion designers, 6 new fashion designers of 5 fashion brands were selected and their total 458 points works were analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, most of the time trade-offs were 'past and present' trade-offs that express Chinese traditional culture and the image of the past with modern design. The trade-offs between 'present and future' is expressed by mixing print patterns, colors and light with fractal art. Second, spatial trade-offs was expressed in the way of expressing Chinese themes in the composition of western clothing, expressing the Western themes in oriental colors, and inspired by Japanese culture expressed by deconstructionism, Third, the gender mix mainly used dark embroidery on women's clothing, while the men's wear showed a delicate feminine charm with a surreal pattern on thin and transparent gauze fabric.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to provide basic materials for future development of unit household plane of lease apartment house by comparing and analyzing the unit household plane of SH Corporation lease apartment house in Korea and PHA apartment house in the state of Minnesota, USA. For this purpose, the researcher chose 8 SH Corporation lease apartment houses in Yangcheon-gu Korea and 16 PHA apartment houses in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Drawing of 8 complexes of Korea SH Corporation, literary materials collected by Korea House Corporation and SH Corporation and the plane of USA were analyzed and the unit household plane of Korea and USA were processed by CAD to ensure exact analysis. Based on the drawing for CAD, the materialization work was implemented. The total size of materialized drawing and size of each room was drawn by using 'CAD POWER 2005' program. The result of this research is as follows. The plane of SH Corporation lease apartment house shows the difference in the plane composition from 12 pyung. Since LIVING ROOM is described in the drawing, the living room and bedroom seen in the existing size less than 12 pyung become independent as they are separate. While SH Corporation is composed in the form of kitchen that functions as dining room, living room functions as dining room in PHA. While SH Corporation shows 5 types, PHA shows different pattern in each complex. This is probably because PHA has diverse complexes. All planes of SH Corporation have entrance, which reflect the own character of Korea as it is. In PHA, the portion of receipt and storage space is very high.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.226-235
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• 2010

As marine leisure is getting popular around the world, people's interest in cruise ship is increasing rapidly. Now it became possible to make cruise ship with Korean technology, as a result of continuous research and development. However, as cruise ships are getting bigger and more popular, new cruise interior design is required to satisfy various clients' aesthetic and functional demands. Therefore, more researches for cruise interior design are needed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of planning and design of passenger's cabins in cruise ship. The scope of this research is limited to the types in the 2004-2010 in Large Cruise Ships. Method of this study are document study and case study, in particularly, case study is conducted for the specific design methods through case analysis. The results of this study are as follow : One of the transitions in the cruise cabin designs is that cabins with balconies occupy a large portion of the entire cabins. As the functions of these balconies are diversifying, more distinctive forms of balcony are showing up. In particular, the cabins which are connected to public space differentiate themselves from those with the same rates; it meets the demands of the clients who require high quality services. In terms of cabin design, a futuristic, distinctive cabin that has incorporated will be a very important function in determining the value of the cruise ship. Based on the results of this research, application of the rapid changes in cabin design and studies about more diversified and advanced design are required.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 필라의 강성도와 필라의 중첩률이 다른 4가지 모형에 대한 축소모형실험을 통하여 주방식 채광 광주의 안정성을 비교하였다. 실험모델은 석고 모델 2개(필라 중첩률이 0%, 100%)와 시멘트 모델 2개(필라 중첩률이 0%, 100%)이다. 필라의 강성도는 석고 모델은 연암, 시멘트 모델은 경암을 모델링하였다. 본 연구에서 실시한 실험은 계산된 축소율이 반영된 강도 값을 갖는 모형재료를 사용하지 않았기 때문에 현장상태를 그대로 실험실에서 재현한 진정한 의미의 축소모형실험은 아니다. 실험을 통해 주방식 채광법을 적용한 광산에서 편간 불일치 필라가 광산의 안정성에 어느 정도 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자 중의 하나임을 확인하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.166-180
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 TOUGH-FLAC 연동 해석기법을 이용하여 호주 오트웨이 실증프로젝트 염수층 내 이산화탄소 주입을 수치적으로 모델링하고 주변 지층에 야기되는 수리-역학적 거동 특성을 살펴보았다. 대상 부지의 물리검층, 시추코어 분석 및 지구통계기법을 통해 구현된 3차원 추계학적 지질모델을 바탕으로 해석모델을 작성하였으며, 이산화탄소의 주입과 이에 따른 수리-역학적 연계거동을 분석하였다. 총 30,000톤의 이산화탄소를 200일 동안 주입하는 경우, 주입공 주변의 압력 변화는 0.5 MPa 이하로 나타났으며, 주입 5일 경과 시 압력이 수렴하는 경향을 보였다. 지층 내 역학적 거동에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 판단되며, 주변 단층대로의 유동도 미미한 수준으로 나타났다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

사이버 공간에서 첨예화, 복잡화되고 있는 공격을 일대일 방식으로 방어하는데 한계가 있으므로 보다 효과적인 방어 방법이 필요하다. 본 고에서는 내외부의 공격에 대해 자산을 체계적 적응적으로 방어할 수 있는 다중계층 보안체제 구축 방안을 제시한다. 방어지역(Defense Zone)을 중심으로 한 다중계층 보안체제의 구조를 고안하고, 사이버 위협분석과 방어기술 자동할당 등 구현에 필요한 기술요소들에 대해 논의한다. 또한, 다중계층 보안체제에 대한 효과와 적용성을 보인다. 향후, 제시된 방안의 구체화를 위해 방어지역에 대한 상세구조설계, 최적 방어기술 자동선택방법, 위협 탐지를 위한 정상상태 모델링 기술 등에 대한 연구가 필요하다.