• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.76 no.3
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 1987

Forestry as with all land matters, under the Constitution, is a State matter. Thus the States, numbering 14, have considerable autonomy in decisions on forestry and related matters. However, the Federal Government, having jurisdiction over such issues as defence, education and research, endeavours to coordinate, standardise and advise the States on matters where the States have jurisdiction. However, forestry being a major revenue earner, is jealously guarded by the States. Under such circumstances and recognising the interdependencies of impacts of decisions at the State level, the institutional organisations play an important role in coordinating state activities to ensure that the benefits to the country as a whole are not sacrificed in favour of interests of individual state. Various legislative mechanisms have been established to ensure this coordinated effort. A National Forestry Council forms the apex of national political coordination. The Federal Forestry Department is responsible for coordination of developmental activities at the State level, which are implemented be the State Forestry Departments within Peninsular Malaysia. Research is carried out centrally by the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia(FRIM), a statutory body formed in 1985 from a research division of the Forestry Department. The Stares of Sabah and Sarawak have their own Forestry Departments, independent of the Federal Department, and each with its own research unit independent of FRIM. Tertiary education in forestry is the sole responsibility of the Agricultural University at Serdang with a campus for Diploma level training in Sarawak. In the developmental area in the State of Sabah, institutions have been formed to focus on specific areas of activities. The Sabah Foundation is responsible for the long term development of the State forests with a concession of about one million ha. Sabah Forest Development Authority(SAFODA) was formed to carry out reforestation of denuded areas. Sabah Forest Industries Ltd.(SFI) is responsible for the country's only integrated pulp and paper industry with its own afforestation program to support its resource supply. In Peninsular Malaysia various states have established State Corporations to manage large "sustained yield" concessions. While wildlife and state parks are managed by the respective forestry departments in Sabah and Sarawak, it is the responsibility of a separate department in Peninsula Malaysia called the Department of Wildlife and National Parks(under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment). Timber trade legislation and promotion in the Peninsular is the responsibility of the Malaysian Timber Industries Board(MTIB) for Peninsular Malaysia and the Sarawak Timber Industries Development Corporation(STIDC) in Sarawak. In the area of NGOs ; the Institute of Foresters Malaysia, is the professional body of forestry in the country. A Malaysian Forestry Society caters for the public participation and interest. Other environmentally related NGOs such as the Malayan Nature Society, the Environmental Protection Society, World Wildlife Fund, Friends of the Earth and the Consumers Associations also involve themselves in specific forestry activities. A number of timber trade associations are also formed by the private sector to assist the industries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.106-115
• /
• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary standard ileal digestible (SID) valine:lysine ratios on performance, intestinal morphology, amino acids of liver and muscle, plasma indices and mRNA expression of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism enzymes. Methods: A total of 144 crossbred pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White) weaned at $28{\pm}4days$ of age ($8.79{\pm}0.02kg$ body weight) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets formulated to provide SID valine:lysine ratios of 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80%. Each diet was fed to 6 pens of pigs with 6 pigs per pen (3 gilts and 3 barrows) for 28 days. Results: Average daily gain increased quadratically (p<0.05), the villous height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased linearly (p<0.05) as the SID valine:lysine ratio increased. The concentrations of plasma ${\alpha}-keto$ isovaleric and valine increased linearly (p<0.05), plasma aspartate, asparagine and cysteine decreased (p<0.05) as the SID valine:lysine ratio increased. An increase in SID lysine:valine levels increased mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial BCAA transaminase and branched-chain ${\alpha}-keto$ acid dehydrogenase in the longissimus dorsi muscle (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using a quadratic model, a SID valine:lysine ratio of 68% was shown to maximize the growth of weaned pigs which is slightly higher than the level recommended by the National Research Council.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2018

This paper explores the function of a structural skin with an embossed surface applicable to use for tall building structures. The major diagrid system with a secondary embossed surface structure provides an enhanced perimeter structural system by increasing tube section areas and reduces aerodynamic loads by disorienting major organized structure of winds. A parametric study used to investigate an optimized configuration of the embossed structure revealed that the embossed structure has a structural advantage in stiffening the structure, reducing lateral drift to 90% compared to a non-embossed diagrid baseline model, and results of wind load analysis using computational fluid dynamics, demonstrated the proposed embossed system can reduce. The resulting undulating embossed skin geometry presents both opportunities for incorporating versatile interior environments as well as unique challenges for daylighting and thermal control of the envelope. Solar and thermal control requires multiple daylighting solutions to address each local façade surface condition in order to reduce energy loads and meet occupant comfort standards. These findings illustrate that although more complex in geometry, architects and engineers can produce tall buildings that have less impact on our environment by utilizing structural forms that reduce structural steel needed for stiffening, thus reducing embodied $CO^2$, while positively affecting indoor quality and energy performance, all possible while creating a unique urban iconography derived from the performance of building skin.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.1350-1364
• /
• 2021

Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pigs are important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in Chinese pig diets. Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China's Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China's pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China's pig industry.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2016

Shear wall structures have been widely used in high-rise buildings during the past decades, mainly due to their good overall performance, large lateral stiffness, and high load-carrying capacity. However, traditional reinforced concrete wall structures are prone to brittle failure under seismic actions. In order to improve the seismic behavior of traditional shear walls, this paper presents three different metal energy-dissipation shear wall systems, including coupled shear wall with energy-dissipating steel link beams, frame with buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall structure, and coupled shear wall with buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall. Constructional details, experimental studies, and calculation analyses are also introduced in this paper.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.169-179
• /
• 2012

The development history, the current situation and the future of the performance-based seismic design of building structures in China are presented in this paper. Firstly, the evolution of performance-based seismic design of building structures specified in the Chinese codes for seismic design of buildings of the edition 1974, 1978, 1989, 2001 and 2010 are introduced and compared. Secondly, in two parts, this paper details the provisions of performance-based seismic design in different Chinese codes. The first part is about the "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" (GB50011) (edition 1989, 2001 and 2010) and "Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Building", which presents the concepts and methods of performance-based seismic design adopted in Chinese codes; The second part is about "Management Provisions for Seismic Design of Outof-codes High-rise Building Structures" and "Guidelines for Seismic Design of Out-of-codes High-rise Building Structures", which concludes the performance-based seismic design requirements for high-rise building structures over the relevant codes in China. Finally, according to those mentioned above, this paper pointed out the imperfections of current performance-based seismic design in China and proposed the possible direction for further improvement.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2012

The current 2002 Indonesian Seismic Code consists of prescriptive criteria that are intended to result in buildings capable of providing certain levels of performance. However, the actual performance capability of buildings is not assessed as part of the code procedures. Several analysis procedures are allowed, and the state of practice is to use the RSA with six-zone seismic map developed for 475-year earthquake. This code is being revised and will adopt many of the ASCE7-10 provisions and 2475-year earthquake for MCE. The growth of tall buildings compels engineers to look for more optimal lateral system. The use of RC core wall as single system has been adopted by very few engineering firms, which is allowed in the current code but will no longer be the case if the new one is in effect. Other innovative structural system such as core wall and outrigger is not addressed in the proposed new code. Engineers must then resort to NLRHA. Currently, one 50-story building under construction using RC core wall and outrigger has been designed with RSA and employing capacity design principles, then evaluated using NLRHA per TBI Guidelines. Based on the evaluation, the performance of the 50-story building generally still meets the criteria of the TBI Guidelines. The result of the case study is presented in this paper.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a summary of the state of the practice for Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) in the United States. While it is not included in the prescriptive provisions of the United States' building codes, the PBSD procedure has been successfully implemented for two decades. The recent publication of the Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) illustrates the fact that the engineering community has embraced this procedure and provides a thoughtful set of recommendations to building designers who intend to implement PBSD. The key parameters currently required for a PBSD also are outlined, such as seismic hazard definition, modeling procedures, and acceptance criteria. These Guidelines will serve as the basis for many PBSD projects in the coming years and as such are a common reference used throughout this paper. Finally, a brief summation of recent PBSD projects in the United States is presented.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-3
• /
• 2018

This case report demonstrates the beneficial effects of cupping therapy (CT) in a 35-year-old man who is diagnosed with a fracture of the radial shaft due to a motorcycle accident. One year after the treatment started, pseudoarthrosis developed in the radius and an autogenous iliac bone graft was performed. However, extension dysfunction in the wrist became evident. After another 6 months of physical therapy and rehabilitation, no improvements were observed. Therefore, CT and adjunctive electrostimulation were performed, after 30 days of treatment, marked recovery of muscle function and full wrist extension were observed, as determined by electromyography and a grade 5/5 on the Medical Research Council power of wrist extension scale. The results in this case study suggest that CT in conjunction with adjunctive electrostimulation, may accelerate functional recovery from postoperative radial palsy, and provide a useful alternative treatment in this situation.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.251-263
• /
• 2021

Fire safety engineering is a critical specialization to include in the design of a tall building yet is often excluded from the Building Information Model (BIM) and integrated design process. The design of fire safety systems is interdependent with building/structural geometry, HVAC, mechanical, and electrical systems. A BIM is a 3D visual representation that stores data on these kinds of systems. The compatibility between BIM and fire safety design seems obvious yet has received a dearth of attention in structural (fire) engineering literature. The authors herein have reviewed over 40 recent papers on utilizing BIM for fire safety engineering, focusing on contemporary literature to obtain a more up-to-date review of the state-of-the-art. The resulting trends, technologies, research gaps, and methodologies are presented in this paper. Adoption of BIM in fire safety engineering is slow and behind other disciplines which may be improved if research involved more industry partners. For BIM technology to reach its potential, industry manufacturers need to provide high LOD fire BIM objects, fire engineers and researchers need to collaborate on future advancements, and building owners/management need to be educated on how to use the benefits provided.