• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 2000

This paper proposes a mechanical model to describe the load-deformation responses of the reinforced concrete plate members under service load state. An Analytical method is introduced on the basis of the rotating crack model which considers equilibrium, compatibility conditions, load-strain relationship of cracked member, and constitutive law for materials. The tension stiffening effect in reinforced concrete structures is taken into account by the average tensile stress-strain relationship from the load-strain relationship for the cracked member and the constitutive law for material. The strain compatibility is used to find out the crack direction because the crack direction is an unknown variable in the equilibrium and compatibility conditions. The proposed theory is verified by the numerous experimental data such as the crack direction, moment-steel strain relationship, moment-crack width relationship. The present paper can provide some basis for the provision of the definition of serviceability for plate structures of which reinforcements are deviated from the principal stresses, because the present code defines the serviceability by the deflection, crack control, vibration and fatigue basically for the skeletal members. The proposed theory is applicable to predict the service load state behavior of a variety of reinforced concrete plate structures such as skew slab bridges, the deck of skew girder bridges.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

We intended to identify the health state of Oriental medical students and also to know how many things of health practice are in healthy group and non-healthy group classified by the THI average score, according to sasang constitution. We collected data with self-administered health questionnaires from 297 men and women, in 9 Korea oriental medical colleges. We diagnosed Sasang constitution using QSCC II and also estimated health degree using THI. Non-healthy group practiced much more health behaviors than healthy one, and there were significant difference in Taeeumin and Soeumin. Non-healthy group of Taeeumin, Soeumin and Soyangin all practiced much more constitutional health behaviors than healthy one, and Soeumin non-healthy and healthy one all practiced much less health behaviors than Taeeumin and Soyangin group. Non-healthy group practiced health behavior for health care and maintenance more than healthy-one, and health state was related with sasang constitution health care. Therefore, institutional and systematic environmental condition would be needed in practicing healthy behaviors for improving the quality of health, and especially developed health promotion programs according to Sasang constitution too.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.2901-2909
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• 2020

Thermal creep is a key property of zircaloy cladding. CZ developed by CGN is a new zircaloy used as PWR fuel cladding. This research is devoted to investigating the thermal creep behavior of CZ and build the thermal creep model of CZ. Twenty internal pressure creep tests were conducted, and the ranges of temperature and Tresca stress were 320-430 ℃ and 70-300 MPa, respectively. Real-time creep data were analyzed by separating primary creep and steady-state creep. Based on Soderberg model and creep test data, CZ thermal creep model is derived. As a whole, the mean value and the standard deviation of P/M of CZ saturated primary creep strain are very close to these from steady-state creep rate, however, the predictive effect of primary creep is less satisfactory. Four conditions, where there exists large deviation between predicted values and test data, are 320 ℃ and 300 MPa, 350 ℃ and 190 MPa, 380 ℃ and 160 MPa, 380 ℃ and 190 MPa, respectively. As primary creep was much smaller than steady-state creep in long-time operation, the thermal creep model built can be applied to predict the thermal creep behavior of CZ cladding.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2008

This paper presents a novel approach to design evaluation of portable consumer electronic (PCE) products using augmented reality (AR) based tangible interaction and functional behavior simulation. In the approach, the realistic visualization is acquired by overlaying the rendered image of a PCE product on the real world environment in real-time using computer vision based augmented reality. For tangible user interaction in an AR environment, the user creates input events by touching specified regions of the product-type tangible object with the pointer-type tangible object. For functional behavior simulation, we adopt state transition methodology to capture the functional behavior of the product into a markup language-based information model, and build a finite state machine (FSM) to controls the transition between states of the product based on the information model. The FSM is combined with AR-based tangible objects whose operation in the AR environment facilitates the realistic visualization and functional simulation of the product, and thus realizes faster product design and development. Based on the proposed approach, a product design evaluation system has been developed and applied for the design evaluation of various PCE products with highly encouraging feedbacks from users.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Strain-rate and temperature have significant effects on the one-dimensional (1D) compression behavior of soils. This paper focuses on the bonding degradation effect of soil structure on the time and temperature dependent behavior of soft structured clay. The strain-rate and temperature dependency of preconsolidation pressure are investigated in double logarithm plane and a thermal viscoplastic model considering the combined effect of strain-rate and temperature is developed to describe the mechanical behavior of unstructured clay. By incorporating the bonding degradation, the model is extended that can be suitable for structured clay. The extended model is used to simulate CRS (Constant Rate of Strain) tests conducted on structural Berthierville clay with different strain-rates and temperatures. The comparisons between predicted and experimental results show that the extended model can reasonably describe the effect of bonding degradation on the stain-rate and temperature dependent behavior of soft structural clay under 1D condition. Although the model is proposed for 1D analysis, it can be a good base for developing a more general 3D model.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2024

This study explored how temperature, time, and moisture content affect the rheological properties (apparent viscosity, flow behavior index, and consistency coefficient) of stored tomato and pepper purees. These purees were prepared with moisture contents of 85%, 90%, and 95% (w/v) using the hot-break method and tested over 6 days at 2-day intervals and temperatures of 5℃, 10℃, and 15℃. Results displayed distinct ranges for apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, and flow behavior indices: tomato puree (2,519.9-4,324.6 mPa·s, 258.0-550.6 mPa·Sn, 1.80-0.48) and pepper puree (2,105.6-4,562.0 mPa·s, 268.4-580.4 mPa·Sn, 0.22-0.48). The temperature and storage time had significant (p≤0.05) effects, but moisture content did not affect these properties. Flow behavior and consistency coefficients demonstrated relative variation with apparent viscosity, indicating pseudoplastic behavior. Optimal processing and storage conditions were identified within specific ranges: 13.21-14.42℃ for 2 days with 92.22-94.23% (w/v) moisture content for pepper, and 8.42-11.77℃ for 2-6 days with 85% (w/v) moisture for tomato.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to provide some information on down-to-earth oral health policy to improve the systemic health involving oral health and the quality of life in Korean adults. Methods : The third-year data of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009 were analyzed, and $x^2$(Chi-square) test was carried out to see whether there would be any gaps in subjective oral health status according to demographic characteristics, systemic health state, frequency of eating between meals and oral health behavior. In terms of the DMFT index, one-way ANOVA was utilized, and then Scheffe post-hoc analysis was conducted. Besides, multiple regression analysis was made to grasp the relationship of oral health behavior to subjective oral health state and the DMFT index. Results : The demographic characteristics, systemic health status and oral health behavior had a significant relationship to both of subjective oral health status and the DMFT index. As a result of analyzing the relationship of oral health behavior to subjective oral health state and the DMFT index, the subfactors of oral health behavior exerted a significant independent influence on subjective oral health status and the DMFT index. Conclusions : The findings of the study suggest that in order to promote the oral health of adults, preventive measures should be taken, and systematic oral health education should be provided. As there is an increase in the elderly population in Korea, the successful implementation of senior oral health plans and the development of oral health programs geared toward adults are both required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.654-664
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the burden, health promotion behavior and health status and to describe the relationship of the burden, health promotion behavior and health status of the family caregivers of intensive care unit patients. Method: The subjects were 48 family caregivers of ICU patients in a University Hospital. Data were collected between June, 1 and July, 31, 2000 using structured questionnaires. Research tools used were Suh and Oh's Burden Scale, Revised Walker, Sechrist, & Pender's HPLP(1987) ; Revised Nam's Health State Scale(1965). Result: The mean score of burden of family caregiver was 3.01(full score was 5). The mean score of health promotion behavior of family caregiver was 2.52(full score was 4). And the mean score of health status of family caregiver was 0.68(full score was 1.00). The score of psychological health state was a little higher than the physiological one. In correlational analysis, the burden and the health status of caregivers were reversely correlated . The correlation between the burden and the health promotion behavior, and the health behavior and health status were not significant. Conclusion: The more burden caregivers of ICU patients felt, the worse their health status. So nurses need to understand the family caregiver's burden and apply nursing care that can reduce burden, in order to improve the health status of family caregivers.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Purpose - Social media platforms have presented individuals with an opportunity to create and maintain their social relationship through the use of social media services. However, such social relationship has a negative influence on users' interest in social media. Design/methodology - Using structural equation modeling, this study seeks to examines the effects of different social media conflicts (individual and social conflicts) on users' psychological internal state, especially user apathetic behavior Findings - The findings confirm that, among social media conflicts, social-related conflict, especially social interaction overload has a negative effect on cognitive resonance, while individual conflict has the highest effect on cognitive dissonance. Also, cognitive dissonance has a much greater effect than cognitive resonance on user resistance, this means that users' negative perception of social media has a greater influence on their resistance. Lastly, user's resistance was found to have a positive influence on user's apathetic behavior. Originality/value - In other to capture social media Apathetic behavior, this study focus on social media conflict perspective, which includes social-related conflict and individual conflict, which are found to influence users' internal states towards social media and further induce social media behavior. This study is unique because it is among the first to explore social media apathetic behavior by focusing on the influence of both external social media conflict and internal state. Also, this study proposed that social related conflict has a higher negative influence on WeChat user than individual related conflict.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2004

In this present study, mechanical properties of the Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glass are characterized by compression test over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Three different types of deformation behavior have been identified as a result, viz., Newtonian viscous flow, non-Newtonian flow and brittle fracture without plastic deformation. A transition state theory is applicable fur the flow stress - strain rate curve that contains the transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow. Based on the relationship between viscosity and strain rate within undercooled liquid state, we can easily obtain the experimental deformation map and suggest the boundaries among different deformation behavior of this alloy.