• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2004

In this paper are presented the blade vibration characteristics at the starting conditions of the low pressure multistage axial compressor of heavy-duty 100 MW gas turbine. Vibration data have been collected through strain gauges during aerodynamic tests of the model compressor. The influences of operating modes at the starting conditions are investigated upon the compressor blade vibrations. The exciting mechanisms and features of blade vibrations are investigated at the surge, rotating stall, and buffeting flutter. The influences of operating modes upon blade dynamic stresses are investigated for the first and second stages. It is shown that a high dynamic stress peak of 120 MPa can occur in the first stage blades due to resonances with stall cell excitations or with inlet strut wake excitations at the stalled conditions.

• 전기의세계
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1978

3 phase induction motor applied in the method of connecting it directly across the line needs large current when it starts. At that time, leakage magnetic pathes of interior of the motor are severely saturated and leakage reactances are decreased because of saturation. Consequently, increased current and raised powerfactor yield increase of starting torque. The author, noticing those phenomena, derived experimentally the raion of decreasing leakage reactance from the fact that when voltage applied to motor is increased under locked condition the magnitude of current and phase angle are varied, and determined tha equations of starting current and starting torque, considering the decrease of leakage reactance by the large starting current. The author calculated the characteristics of Current-Time and Speed-Time with the determined equation at specific load conditions, and compared the values obtained from above calculations with those from circle diagram's method and the practically recorded values at same load conditions. Therefore, the authos got a confidience that the results of the derived theory coincide with the practically measured values more well than circle diagram's results and circle diagram's equation should be modified in order to analize the starting status of a induction motor.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2007

A nonlinear dynamic simulation model from cranking to idle speed is developed to optimize the cold start process of a diesel engine. Physically-based first order nonlinear differential equations and some algebraic equations describing engine dynamics and starter motor dynamics are used to model the performance of cold starting process which is very complex and involves many components including the cold start aiding method. These equations are solved using numerical schemes to describe the starting process of a diesel engine and to study the effects of cold starting parameters. The validity of this model is examined by a cold start test at $-20^{\circ}C$. Using the developed model the effects of the important starting variables on the cold starting processes were investigated. This model can be served as a tool for designing computer aided control systems that improve cold start performance.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2014

This paper describes problems of the sensorless starting of horizontal axis washing machines with direct drive and suggests solution, which was experimentally verified. Horizontal axis washing machines have very difficult conditions for the drive starting, especially at full load. Inertia of the tub and water, torque from the laundry make load torque at starting higher than rated one and sometimes even higher than the maximum torque of the motor, which makes sensorless starting extremely challenging task. This paper suggests modified open-loop starting, where control system is closed shortly after beginning at low speed and rotates the drum until laundry restructuring. To ensure proper work of the sensorless algorithm at low speed additional measures for increasing of the estimation algorithm performance have been taken. These measures include special algorithm for the drive parameters estimation, which has been developed and verified by the experimental results.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

During the SI engine starting up, starting conditions directly contribute to the unburned hydrocarbon emissions in spark ignition engines. The effects of catalyst temperatures and fuel injection skip methods on HC emissions were investigated. The test was conducted on a 1.5 L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. To understand the formation of HC emissions, HC concentration was measured in an exhaust port using a Fast Response Flame ionization Detector (FRFID). The result showed that HC emissions, which were emitted at the cold coolant and catalyst temperature, were generated much higher than those of hot coolant and catalyst temperatures. In additions, fuel injection skips reduced highly HC emissions. It is convinced that optimized fuel injection skip method according to coolant and catalyst temperatures could be applied to reduce HC emissions during the SI engine starts.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

If the research on double cycle is revitalized, crane productivity will be rapidly improved bemuse double cycle is an operational technique that can maximize equipments efficiency (Quay crane, RMG/RTG, Yard tractor). Unfortunately, it is very difficult for terminal operators to find out the starting point of double cycle bemuse the loading & unloading pattern and conditions are various. Therefore, terminal operators are apt to fail to find out the optimal starting point of double cycle to maximize its frequency. Experiencing the same mistakes in the process we made efforts to find out the optimal starting point, finally we found out the formula for it. And we verified its precision is perfect through a lot of testing. This paper on double cycling focused on making the formula to find out optimal starting point of double cycle to maximize its frequency. And it can be applied to various ships' stowages in common.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2015

본 연구는 야생조류의 새벽 지저귐 시작시간에 영향을 미치는 환경요인과 종간 차이를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 음성녹음은 봄철(2014년 4월~7월) 번식기 동안 일출 2시간 전에 시작하여 매일 2시간씩 실시하였다. 녹음된 소리는 분석 프로그램(Adobe Audition CC)을 이용하여 소노그램 패턴 확인을 통해 종을 구분하고 종별 지저귐 개시 시간을 분석하였다. 야생조류 지저귐 시작시간과 환경요인 및 종간차이 분석을 위해 한국 기상청으로부터 기상자료(일강수량, 율리안일, 일출시간, 월출시간, 온도, 여명시간)를 구하였다. 연구결과, 일강수량과 월출시간을 제외한 모든 환경요인이 야생조류의 지저귐 개시 시간과 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 야생조류 종간 지저귐 개시 시간에 차이가 있었다. 야생조류는 지저귐 개시 시간 차이에 따라 3개 그룹(일찍 일어나는 새, 중간에 일어나는 새, 늦게 일어나는 새)으로 구분되었다. 꿩과 노랑턱멧새는 일찍 일어나는 새 그룹에 속하였고, 딱따구리류는 늦게 일어나는 그룹에 속하였다. 본 연구는 한국의 야생조류를 대상으로 지저귐 개시 시간에 대한 우선순위를 밝힌 최초의 논문이라는 데서 의미가 있다. 그러나 왜 종별로 지저귐 개시 시간에 차이가 나는지에 대해서는 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.829-832
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• 2010

가스터빈엔진의 시동을 위해서는 점화가 가능한 공기 및 연료 조건이 되도록 외부 동력으로 엔진을 가속시켜 주어야 한다. 항공기용 소형 가스터빈엔진의 전기식 시동시스템은 구조가 간단하고 중량이 작아 소형 항공기에 주로 사용된다. 가스터빈 엔진의 전기 시동시스템 해석을 위해서는 배터리, 시동 모터 특성 및 엔진 drag 토크의 분석이 필요하며, 엔진의 사용 온도에 따라 각각의 특성을 반영하여 시동 시스템을 분석하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 소형 가스터빈엔진의 전기시동 시스템 기본설계 과정 및 주요한 설계 파라메터에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

During the SI engine starting up, starting conditions directly contribute to the harmful emissions in spark ignition engines. The effects of catalyst temperatures and fuel injection skip methods on HC emissions were investigated. The test was conducted on a 1.5L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. To understand the formation of HC emissions, HC concentration was measured in an exhaust port using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The result showed that HC emissions, which were generated during initial stage of the starting, could be reduced by coolant temperature and fuel injection skips. And through the vehicle test of ECE15+EUDC, it is convinced that the optimized fuel injection skip method according to coolant temperatures have favourable effects on the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions including HC during the SI engine start.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 고압 환경에서 합성된 결정 입자의 크기에 원시료(starting materials)의 상(phase)이 미치는 영향을 확인했다. 상이 다른 두 가지 원시료인 비정질 시료와 나노파우더 시료를 이용해 알루미늄이 부화된 고압의 환원환경에서 삼원계 시스템인 브리지마나이트-페리클레이스-칼슘 페라이트(calcium ferrite)상의 MgAl₂O₄을 합성했다. 시료는 40 GPa 2000 K의 압력온도 조건에서 20 시간 동안 가열하여 합성했다. 합성된 시료는 비정질 시료를 이용한 경우 입자 크기가 50-200 nm였으며, 나노파우더를 이용한 경우 ~500 nm로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 1) 시료가 합성된 2000 K의 온도가 낮아 비정질 시료의 경우 결정 성장보다 결정핵 성장이 더 우세하게 나타났거나 2) 시료에 존재할 수 있는 산화 환원반응 상태의 차이로 생각된다. 추후 다원계 시스템에 대한 고압 실험을 수행할 때 비정질 시료보다 나노파우더를 원시료로 이용하는 것이 결정 성장에서 더 유리할 것으로 생각된다.