• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 1999

Proten-conductive $SrZr_{0.95} Y_{0.05} O_{2.975}$ powder was prepared by citrate gel method its characteristics and sinterability were investigated. Amorphous gel could be obtained from a citric acid solution that $SrCO_3$ and metal nitrates were dissolved. The initial decomposition of the gel proceeded up to $250^{\circ}C$, followed by combustion of its decomposition products in the temperature range from $250^{\circ}C$ to $500^{\circ}C$. A well-crystallized perovskite phase with a stoichiometric composition after calcination at $1000^{\circ}C$. Sintering green compacts of this powder for 6 h showed a considerable densification to start at $1200^{\circ}C$ and resulted in 86.8% and 96.5% relative densities at $1400^{\circ}C$ and $1600^{\circ}C$, respectively. Whereas, the powder compacts prepared by solid state reaction had much lower relative densities, 73% at $1400^{\circ}C$ and 92% at $1600^{\circ}C$.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the influence of middle-aged office workers' entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition on entrepreneurial intention by mediating entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Sub-variables of entrepreneurial competency were classified into prior knowledge, positive attitude, and social network. For the empirical analysis of this study, an online survey using Naver Office was conducted for about 15 days (February 6, 2023 - February 20, 2023) targeting office workers across the country who are interested in starting a business, and a total of 262 copies were collected and missing values. For 250 copies excluding 12 copies, SPSS Ver.24.0 and PROCESS MACRO Model 4.0 were used for empirical analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the higher the prior knowledge of the founder's individual competency, social network, and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, the higher the entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, it was found that the positive attitude among entrepreneurs' individual competencies did not affect entrepreneurship opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the magnitude of the influence on entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention was in the order of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, prior knowledge, and social network. This is because the positive attitude of middle-aged office workers towards start-up has a negative image of start-up due to the shrinking start-up environment due to COVID-19, fear of failure due to lack of preparation for start-up, and successive cases of start-up failure due to cognitive bias errors due to overconfidence. implying that there is Second, it was found that the evaluation of entrepreneurship opportunities had a significant positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial intention in a situation where the entrepreneur's individual competency and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were controlled. Third, the startup opportunity evaluation was shown to mediate between the prior knowledge of the entrepreneur's individual competency, social network and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial intention, but it did not mediate between positive attitude and entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, among the factors influencing entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition was found to be larger than founder's individual competency, confirming the importance of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Fifth, it was found that prior knowledge and network, which are individual capabilities of the founder, affect the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial intention, so that strengthening entrepreneurship education to recognize the importance of cultivating prior entrepreneurial knowledge and experience can revitalize middle-aged office workers' entrepreneurship. confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 1980

This study is aimed at investigating the compensatory education which was already implemented or is being implemented in the U.S.A. and Japan; and at studying the types of programs and their characteristics; and at sounding out the possibilities of the application of such programs in family and social conditions is Korea. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, the established items for the study are as follows: (1) Various types of early children's education (2) Programs of compensatory education for the disadvantaged Children (3) Head Start Program, Early Training Project and Montessori School (4) Integrated Preschool Programs (5) Day-Care Center for employed mothers We investigated the various compensatory education programs for the preschool children who are in economically, socially, culturally disadvantaged conditions. Head Start Programs were federally supported programs for preschool children and opened as summer programs in 1965 for the first time. The purpose of Head Start has been to give preschool children the kinds of experiences they need in preparation for school. The Head Start children were found to be significantly better prepared for school than the normal children. However, after six to eight months, their initial advantages had virtually. disappeared and then the simple problem with Head Start and other such programs was that little long-term good could be evidenced unless the high quality educational environment was maintained. Therefore, to solve this problem, three other programs were funded as part of the overall Head Start. These three programs are the Parent-Child Center, Home Start, and the Child and Family Resources Program. The Early Training Project for disadvantaged children was implemented by Klaus and Gray of Peabody College in 1962. The program was a field research study concerned with the development and testing over time of procedures for improving the educability of young children from low income homes. Its major concern was to study whether it was possible to offset the progressive retardation observed in the public schooling careers of children, living in deprived circumstances. Children, who were trained through the Early Training Project were superior to control groups in the test of IQ and vocabulary as well as linguistic abilities, and preparation for reading. This project showed the possibilities which could prevent preschool children from being disadvantaged socially, culturally and mentally. In 1907, Montessori School was established by Maria Montessori in Italy and her school program has been introduced at present to several countries in the world as one compensatory educations. She first began her experimental methods with retarded children, followed by disadvantaged children from the tenements of Rome. The Montessori approach futures a prepared environment and carefully designed, self-correcting materials. The Montessori curriculum presents tastes that feature sequence, order, and regularity, in addition to those that develop motor and sensory skills. She was interested in children's intellectual development and in developing good work habits. One of the latest developed programs for disadvantaged children is "Integrated Preschool Program" which has successfully integrated handicapped and nonhandicapped children. Several studies have showed that handicapped children in integrated school environments are accepted by and interact with their nonhandicapped peers. In fact, this program provides a number of potential, and perhaps opportunities for nonhandicapped children to serve as valuable resources in fostering the development of their handicapped peers. Next we turn to Japanese programs which are divided into two different types. One is Day-Care Center which was established by Child Welfare Law and the other is kindergarten organized by School Education Law. The kindergarten opened in 1876 and it has been part of school systems since 1947 by the implementation of education law, and the Day-Care Center which started in 1890 for the employed mothers. was changed into Day-Nursery by the enactment of child welfare law in 1947. The laws and operational regulations for the Day-Nursery were set up and were put in effect by the establishment standard acts of children welfare facilities, and the Day-Nursery has been operated in various types by the increasing demand, chiefly because of the socio-economical changes of family structures in both urban and suburban areas. Nursery education for physically and mentally disadvantaged children is for those who are blind, deaf and dumb, mentally retarded; physically disadvantaged by accidents or diseases. Montessori education in Japan was started in 1968 and many research groups for studying Montessori were organized. In 1977, Montessori remedial education society was also organized in which they started a number of studies; a study for developing materials; in-service training for the remedial education; and seminars and lectures, etc It is strongly suggested that we study the early educations that are being implemented in Japan and a variety of compensatory educations that were already implemented in the U.S.A. and modify them for the organization of our own model and properly accommodate them to our social needs.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

The core objective of this research article is to investigate different challenges and opportunities in management as well as start-ups of small businesses in India. The prudence behind this research is to examine various problems in front of the small businesses and to offer vital support and cooperation to overcome those with the support of concerned institutions through consultancy and training programs. The researchers have an intention to make available the research results to the governmental agencies, concerned small business institutions and also to the educational institutions which are continually design plans, programs, policies and strategies to upgrade the managerial and technical dexterities of the small business Indian operators. After thorough revision of relevant literature on small businesses and its management, the researchers used a well structured questionnaire and in-depth personal interviews with 586small business operators selected from manufacturing, trading (retailing and wholesaling), finance, servicing/repair businesses which are located in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The researchers have used convenience sampling and collected data was analyzed with the support of Microsoft Excel and frequency distribution. Noticeably, majority of the small businessmen in India are facing myriad number of challenges both in management and at the time of establishment of their business operations. In particular, 72.47 percent of small businesses operators' have substantiated their strong opinion towards the challenges they are facing particularly finance, marketing and other problems while managing their businesses. The researchers also attempted to get the opinions on problems of the various categories of small businesses while starting their operations. A staggering 68percent of respondents identified the problems related to preparation of business plan, location selection, marketing and other problems like lack of proper credit facilities, skilled manpower, and other infra related problems while setting up of their businesses. On an average, 64.62 and 63.51 percent of small businesses are facing various kinds of problems both at the time of day-to-day management as well as start-up of their businesses respectively. The present research confined with the opinions of only four categories of small business operators particularly from the manufacturing, finance, trading (retailing and wholesaling), and servicing/repair which are continuing their business operations from the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The present study emphatically provides concrete information required to the business community for identifying an assortment of challenges faced by different small business operators in managing and at the time of their inception. This research paper is first of its kind from this part of the world by offering extensive and credible information required for prospective entrepreneurs in facing the dynamic challenges in managing their business. Furthermore, this research presents invaluable inputs to the stakeholders like all types of governments, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and educators' about the various impediments faced by the small business community in India.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

In the new era of the 4th industrial revolution, new jobs using the latest technologies such as big data, cloud, IoT, and AI are increasing. In the field of various industries, talents who can converge IT and industrial fields are needed, but such convergence-type talents are insufficient. This study analyzed the effects of IT convergence startup education on the learning effect and educational performance of trainees preparing for re-employment. A survey was conducted with 160 trainees preparing for reemployment. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the analysis tool SPSS 22.0 program. As a result of the study, first, in the IT convergence startup education of trainees who are preparing for re-employment, it was found that the sub-factors such as education content, instructor, and member satisfaction had a positive effect on the learning effect. Second, in the IT convergence start-up education for employment trainees, it was found that the sub-factors such as education contents, instructors, and the satisfaction of learning members had a significant effect on educational performance. It is expected that this study will serve as a basic data for preparing a start-up support system to revitalize start-ups in the IT convergence field.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.549-558
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of welfare facilities for baby boomers and the development of services and programs by studying the effects of baby boomers' preparation for old age on the intention to use welfare facilities for the elderly. The subjects of this study were 385 baby boomers (1955-1963) living in J city, Chungbuk. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors influencing the intention to enter welfare facilities. The results of this study showed that baby boomers' preparation for old age did not have a significant effect on the intention to use the elderly welfare center, and only the economic preparation had a significant effect on the intention to use the senior club, and the emotional preparation had a significant effect on the intention to use the 50+ center and the baby boomer welfare center. Based on the results of this study, policy suggestions are as follows: First, senior clubs need to expand services for employment and start-up that can help prepare for economic retirement. Second, various job policies using baby boomers' skills and knowledge are needed. Third, the 50+ center and the baby boomer welfare center need to develop professional counseling and education programs for prevention and treatment of emotional and psychological problems. Fourth, it is necessary to provide and develop programs to promote interpersonal relations and social activities for emotional stability and support.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.305-324
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• 2017

Industry-University cooperation for pioneering overseas market contributes to improve the quality of manpower and the export performance. However, performance is showing that without exporting experience, exploring overseas market is not promising. Without systematic training and preparation, pioneering overseas market can be a waste of time and budget. I have conducted interviews with 30 participants in Industry-University cooperation for pioneering overseas market. As a result, I have derived a model for each phase of Industry-University cooperation. 8 stages of this model are student selection, cooperation company networking, student education, overseas market research, selection of trade fair, preparation of trade fair, dispatch of trade fair and follow-up management. Opinions of experts have been reflected and compiled to each suggested stage. Specific details can be applied directly to those affiliated who want to start the first or foremost pioneering overseas markets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.257-265
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• 2013

Research about business failure was focused on finding the reason of bankruptcy. This research tries to analyze reason and pattern of entrepreneurial failure. Based on 20 entrepreneurial failure cases, we figure out the reason of entrepreneurial failure, utilizing liability of newness and ERIS model. We find that start-up firms in Korea have liability of newness, such as lack of managerial capability, failure of R&D/commercialization, and difficulty of securing marketing channel. Also, we typologize 4 kind of entrepreneurial failure - Lack of preparation of business, failure of resource mobilization, absence of strategy, and failure of marketing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.854-860
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• 2004

"Research and Development of Melt-Growth Composite (MGC) Ultra High Efficiency Gas Turbine System Technology" program has been started in JFY2001. The main objective of the program is to establish basic component technologies to apply MGC material to an efficient gas turbine system successfully. It is known that MGC material maintains its mechanical strength at room temperature up to about 2000 K, which is ideal for the high temperature gas turbine. The purposes of the present study are to develop the cooling structure of the gas turbine combustor liner where MGC material is applied as the heat shield panel, also to develop the low NOx combustion system for a 1970 K (1700 deg.C) class gas turbine combustor. To start with, basic heat transfer characteristics were investigated by one-dimensional calculation and heat transfer experiment for the cooling structure. Axially staged configuration and fuel preparation were investigated by CFD calculation and experiments for the low NOx combustor.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.91-101
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• 2017

Nation-wide support is being strengthened to vitalize pre-entrepreneur and startup initiatives. However, it is found that they have been suffering from the lack of necessary information in preparation for the start-up operation. In order to support more proactive and robust start-up process in aspect of contents or service, it is necessary to carefully analyze their information needs and information seeking behaviors. Information seeking behavior analysis is a method for improving information services in accordance with the information needs of the information service users in libraries and information service institutes. This study analyzed information seeking behaviors of pre-entrepreneur and startup. Focus-group interview as the representative method of exploring information seeking behaviors was conducted. Content analysis was introduced to search the business-establishing process, information-seeking status, and utilization level of startup-related information resources and their perception. It is expected that contents and services for pre-entrepreneur and startup would be improved by reflecting their information seeking behaviors based on the results of this study.