• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1849-1855
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• 2019

Background: Stroke patients require arm movement exercising for various stimulations in standing position for various stimulations rather than in a sitting position because they require integrated skillful movements, such as stretching, holding, and controlling. Objective: This study was conducted to provide foundational clinical data about lower limb global synkinesis in stroke patients using arm movements in a standing position. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The subjects were divided into a control group (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 10), and a pre-test was conducted to evaluate leg global synkinesis (GS) and balance. Intervention method is stretching an arm to hold a ball, repeating supination and pronation of the hand only while maintaining the arm extended as much as possible, repeating shoulder abduction and adduction while holding the pegboard. This was followed by a three-week intervention during which re-measurement was conducted in the same way as was done for the pre-test. Results: The control group showed a significant difference in GS and balance during plantar flexion (p<.05), and the experimental group showed a significant difference in GS and balance during all movements (p<.05, p<.01, respectively). There was a significant difference in GS and balance between the two groups during dorsiflexion (p<.05, p<.01, respectively). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that human arm movements in a standing position can reduce GS in the affected limb, and balance can be improved by stimulating the surrounding tissues of the affected limb and changing them positively.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.425-432
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between foot pressure and upper arm PNF exercise conducted with elastic bands while standing. Methods: Eighteen asymptomatic patients consented to participate in the study. Foot pressure was measured in the standing position using the Gaitview system for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) using a right upper arm pattern. Resistance strength was varied based on the type of elastic band used (red=medium, green=heavy, and blue=extra heavy). Statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a repeated one-way ANOVA, and the Bonferroni method was used for the ad hoc test (SPSS ver. 18. for Windows). Results: A significant difference was observed in fore-foot, rear-foot, and everage pressure after upper arm PNF exercise. However, there was no significant difference according to the type of elastic band. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, an upper arm PNF exercise with and without resistance may affect foot pressure in the standing position.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.439-451
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• 2005

This study was to provide the fundamental data for the ease necessary to design clothes by investigating the variation of the upper body surface with the method of surgical tape. The subject were 8 young women in the standard somatotype. In the form of body surface according to arm movements, the shape of armscye circumference became gentle from the sunken form for the standing posture; scye depth became lower; lateral shoulder moved and rose toward the front center as the angle of arm movement became larger; scye depth is greatest in the standing. The items of horizontal ware largest in the standing posture except for front neck base circumference and front interscye breadth for side $90^{\circ}$ movement. In the items of vertical, while most of the front items increased but back ones generally decreased for all movement compared to the standing. After comparing differences in actual values between the form of body surface in the standing posture and the direct measurement, the following ease were suggested considering minimum measures to accommodate daily movements. Bust circumference/2 = 3cm; waist circumference/2 = 1.5cm; front interscye breadth/2 = 0.6cm; back interscye breadth/2 = 0.6cm; and underarm depth = 1.5cm

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arm training in standing position on balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Sixteen chronic stroke patients were allocated equally and randomly to an experimental group (n=8) or a control group (n=8). All participants received 60 minutes of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, the experimental group additionally received an arm training in standing position for 30 minutes, while the control group additionally performed a treadmill training for 30 minutes. These 30-minute training sessions were held three times per week for six weeks. Upper extremity function was assessed using Fugle-Meyer motor assessment function upper extremity (FMA-UE), balance was assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS), and walking ability (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limb support period) was assessed using the GAITRite system. RESULTS: Improvement on all outcome measures was identified from pre-to-post intervention for both groups (p<.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant between-group difference on BBS, gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limp support period (p<.05). The experimental group exhibited greater improvement in the BBS (p=.01; z=-2.48), gait speed (p=.01; z=-3.26), cadence (p=.02; z=-2.31), step length (p=.01; z=-3.36), and double limb support period (p=.03; z=-2.84) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that arm training in standing position may be beneficial for improving balance and walking ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Objective: We obtained force-displacement curves for countermovement jumps of multiple heights and examined the effect of an arm swing on changes in vertical jumping strategy. Countermovement jumps with hands on hips (Condition 1) and with an arm swing (Condition 2) were evaluated to investigate the mechanical effect of the arm movement on standing vertical jumps. We hypothesized that the ground reaction force (GRF) and/or center of mass (CoM) motion resulting from the countermovement action would significantly change depending on the use of an arm swing. Method: Eight healthy young subjects jumped straight up to five different levels ranging from approximately 10% (~25 cm) to 35% (~55 cm) of their body heights. Each subject performed five sets of jumps to five randomly ordered vertical elevations in each condition. For comparison of the two jumping strategies, the characteristics of the boundary point on the force-displacement curve, corresponding to the vertical GRF and the CoM displacement at the end of the countermovement action, were investigated to understand the role of arm movement. Results: Based on the comparison between the two conditions (with and without an arm swing), the subjects were grouped into type A and type B depending on the change observed in the boundary point across the five different jump heights. For both types (type A and type B) of vertical jumps, the initial vertical force at the start of push-off significantly changed when the subjects employed arm movement. Conclusion: The findings may imply that the jumping strategy does change with the inclusion of an arm swing, predominantly to modulate the vertical force advantage (i.e., the difference between the vertical force at the start of push-off and the body weight).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.38-45
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and erector spinae (ES) muscle activity during arm lifts in prone and standing positions. Twenty healthy subjects were recruited, and NoraxonTeleMyo 2400T was used to collect electromyographic signals from the LT, SA, and ES muscles. A two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) used a significance level of .05. If a significant interaction was found, pairwise comparisons were performed with a Bonferroni adjustment (.05/4=.013). The results of the study were as follows: 1) In LT, no significant ADIM by position interaction was found ($F_{1,19}$=.356, p=.558). There was a significant main effect for ADIM. LT muscle activity with ADIM was significantly greater compared with muscle activity without ADIM ($F_{1,19}$=82.863, p<.001). There was also a significant main effect for position. LT muscle activity in the prone position was greater compared with muscle activity in the standing position ($F_{1,19}$=116.401, p<.001). 2) In SA, significant ADIM by position interaction was found ($F_{1,19}$=8.687, p=.008). There were significant differences in all pairwise comparisons. The greatest SA muscle activity was observed in the standing position with ADIM. 3) In ES, significant ADIM by position interaction was found ($F_{1,19}$=122.473, p<.001). The lowest ES muscle activity was elicited in the standing position with ADIM. Based on these results, ADIM is advocated in the prone position to increase LT muscle activity. In addition, it is concluded that arm lifts in the standing position with ADIM offer the most favorable combination for reducing ES muscle activity and increasing SA muscle activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.92-98
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the designing and making power standing wheelchair. This wheelchair is studied based on the mechanical and electrical engineering concepts and theories. The mechanical theories are composed of statics and dynamics knowledges that are related with moving and standing position. Basically the static and dynamic stability is the most important element in designing and making the real size model. The linear actuator is used in the standing mechanism and the joystick controlled by hand is attached on the arm rest. The real size model is made and also investigated through the design specifications by test drive. Finally, this paper proves the possibility of commerical production of power standing wheelchair.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.395-399
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• 2023

The knee arthritis patients are generally performed standing position radiography. However, patients with pain caused by degenerative diseases or injuries in the knee have difficulty maintaining a standing position. Therefore, this study aims to develop a knee joint standing weight bearing projection assist device to solve these problems when patients undergo knee radiography due to various diseases. The design of the knee joint weight-bearing radiography assist device is carried out with 3D design and drawing production to secure basic data, electric support and frame manufacture. A fixed device for maintaining the patient's knee standing weight-bearing projection, an electric digital height device, a digital protractor, and a safety device were designed. The arm support is made of PVC with a cushion to relieve the impact and make it easier to remove debris. The digital electric device can be moved up and down according to the patient's height, and a remote control is attached. The safety device is made to be adjustable in size by attaching metal hooks on both sides of the frame and to shield the scrotum. A digital protractor was attached to the side frame to set the desired knee angle. When a self-made assist device was used to perform a knee joint standing weight bearing projection, it helped maintain arm support and lower extremities position. In addition, the height could be adjusted using an assist device during standing projections, which helped the patient maintain the position.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.170-185
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• 2013

The suitability of the pattern manufactured with the development figure was considered by reviewing the development conditions that can be directly connected to the basic pattern in the human body surface development figure with the cast bandage method. The method to prepare the sleeve basic pattern was based on the cylindrical surface development method, and the sleeve basic pattern covering the 45 and 90 degrees momentum of the arm-movement was made by using the cast-type body surface development figure prepared with the horizontal line of the sleeve hem placed horizontally in the plan and by combining the cast-type body surface development figure in the standing position with the figure in the moving position. The test clothing was prepared with the sleeve pattern adding the bodice pattern in the standing position and the momentum and was worn on the FRP replica. The relationship theory of the body surface development figure with the pattern was derived by reviewing the suitability from the wearing state. The sleeve-cap height of the sleeve basic pattern resulted in about 80% in the standing position when the needs for a physical activity are 45 degrees and the about 50% when the needs for a physical activity are 90 degrees. The additional size of the diagonal length of the sleeve-cap could be set as "0" if the sleeve-cap height is low by 50% and as 50% of the additional size in the standing position if the sleeve-cap height is 80%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.578-584
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• 2015

In this study a moving platform for a mobile robot that can be traveling with a full automatic standing arm was developed. Conventional mobile robots generally may equip 4 wheels or 3 wheels with a caster wheel or independent driven wheels and have good statistic stability. When a mobile robot travels on a sharply perpendicular and narrow crossroad, it may need a special steering scheme such as going forward and backward repeatedly or it is sometimes physically impossible for the robot to go through the crossroad because of the size limit. The upright running mobile robot changes its posture to the upright posture which has a small planar area and is able to go through the crossroad. The upright control which was manually performed step by step before such as sequences of uprighting (returning), checking, and balancing, is now automated.