• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.577-585
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• 2012

Modeling & simulation-based battle experiments(BEx) is being used extensively as an efficient, scientific and rational verification methodology for maritime weapon system acquisition. However, research of definition and concept of BEx and standardized rules and process for the BEx are insufficient in recent military field of BEx. In this study, we discussed the definition and process of BEx based on the role of MND(including JCS), Navy and ADD and proposed the standardized process of BEx for maritime weapon system. Secondly suggested a evaluation methods of modeling and simulation-based BEx with MOP, MOF, MOE in linkage of engineering, engagement, mission and constructive model. Finally presented validate result that applied to the Torpedo using standardized process based on our proposed methodology.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of future droughts by calculating the Standardized Groundwater level Index(SGI) after predicting groundwater level using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model. The groundwater level of the Kumho River basin was predicted for the next three years by using the LSTM model, and it was validated through RMSE after learning with observation data except the last three years. The temporal SGI was calculated by using the prediction data and the observation data. The calculated SGI was interpolated within the study area, and the spatial SGI was calculated as the average value for each catchment using the interpolated SGI. The possibility of spatio-temporal drought was analyzed using calculated spatio-temporal SGI. It is confirmed that there is a spatio-temporal difference in the possibility of drought. Through the improvement of deep learning model and diversification of validation method, it is expected to obtain more reliable prediction results and the expansion of study area can be used to respond to drought nationwide, and furthermore it can provide important information for future water resource management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4587-4590
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• 2016

Background: In many countries gastric cancer has the highest incidence among the gastrointestinal cancers and is the second most common cancer in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and map high risk gastric cancer regions at the county-level in Iran. Methods: In this study we analyzed gastric cancer data for Iran in the years 2003-2010. Area-to-area Poisson kriging and Besag, York and Mollie (BYM) spatial models were applied to smoothing the standardized incidence ratios of gastric cancer for the 373 counties surveyed in this study. The two methods were compared in term of accuracy and precision in identifying high risk regions. Result: The highest smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR) according to area-to-area Poisson kriging was in Meshkinshahr county in Ardabil province in north-western Iran (2.4,SD=0.05), while the highest smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR) according to the BYM model was in Ardabil, the capital of that province (2.9,SD=0.09). Conclusion: Both methods of mapping, ATA Poisson kriging and BYM, showed the gastric cancer incidence rate to be highest in north and north-west Iran. However, area-to-area Poisson kriging was more precise than the BYM model and required less smoothing. According to the results obtained, preventive measures and treatment programs should be focused on particular counties of Iran.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.181-200
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• 2013

The test instrument utilized to diagnose and evaluate a trainee's ability are necessary for an effective information literacy education. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a standardized test instrument to comprehensively measure students' information literacy. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized test instrument to evaluate the information literacy of middle school students, and to verify the reliability and validity of the test instrument. For this purpose, this study selected factors that can show the information literacy and developed an information literacy test framework that was designed based on Guilford's SOI model and Meeker's SOI-LA test. The test instrument that was developed through this study is a 30-item Web-based multiple-choice test. This study administrated tests in middle school students (794 students joined), and analyzed difficulty, reliability, discrimination index, validity of tests, and reviewed tests items to qualify the standardized test. The cutoff score was also decided when using these tests as a diagnostic information literacy assessment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2012

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a widely used drought index to provide good estimations of the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial pattern of drought by SPI index. In this paper, the patterns of drought hazard in Iran are evaluated according to the data of 40 weather stations during 1967-2009. The influenced zone of each station was specified by the Thiessen method. It was attempted to make a new model of drought hazard using GIS. Three criteria for drought were studied and considered to define areas of vulnerability. Drought hazard criteria used in the present model included: maximum severity of drought in the period, trend of drought, and the maximum number of sequential arid years. Each of the vulnerability indicators were mapped and these as well as a final hazard map were classified into 5 hazard classes of drought: one, slight, moderate, severe and very severe. The final drought vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying three criteria maps in a GIS, and the final hazard classes were defined on the basis of hazard scores, which were determined according to the means of the main indicators. The final vulnerability map shows that severe hazard areas (43% of the country) which are observed in the west and eastern parts of country are much more widespread than areas under other hazard classes. Overall, approximately half of the country was determined to be under severe and very severe hazard classes for drought.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2000

In this study, advanced model for quality control of oriental medicine and methods for practice was suggested through literature inspection, analysis of foreign system such as China and Japan, survey analysis on the current system, quality analysis of randomly selected oriental medicine samples, and intensive discussions among oriental medicine specialists 1. The quality of oriental medicine should be consistently controlled by Ministry of Health and Welfare form its cultivation or import to its circulation process to final consumer 2. All oriental medicines should be circulated as standardized goods which should be marked by lot numbers. The packing material and Packing size should be liberalized. The qualify should be differentialized though free competition among makers. 3. Realistic standards for pesticide, heavy metal and decolorant should be established though long-term monitoring process according to each oriental medicine's origin, therapeutic part, cultivation area, harvesting time, and cultivation method. 4. Ministry of Health and Welfare should educate oriental medicine's quality control personnel regularly or on demand, and establish specialist pool. Ministry of Health and Welfare should also establish oriental medicine information system to provide informations about quality of domestic or foreign oriental medicinal raw materials. 5. The government should provide information about foreign of oriental medicine market to importers. Quality of imported oriental medicine should be inspected before its customs clearance, and all imported oriental medicine should be circulated by standardized oriental medicine makers. 6. Oriental medicine's pharmacopoeia should be Published to provide quality standard of oriental medicine and improve it.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.166-172
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of osteogenic potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitute coated with synthetic cell-binding peptide sequences in a standardized rabbit sinus model. Methods: Standardized 6-mm diameter defects were created bilaterally on the maxillary sinus of ten male New Zealand white rabbits, receiving BCP bone substitute coated with synthetic cell binding peptide sequences on one side (experimental group) and BCP bone substitute without coating (control group) on the other side. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis of bone formation was carried out after a healing period of 4 or 8 weeks. Results: Histological analysis revealed signs of new bone formation in both experimental groups (4- and 8-week healing groups) with a statistically significant increase in bone formation in the 4-week healing group compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant difference in bone formation was found between the 8-week healing group and the control group. Conclusions: This study found that BCP bone substitute coated with synthetic cell-binding peptide sequences enhanced osteoinductive potential in a standardized rabbit sinus model and its effectiveness was greater in the 4-week healing group than in the 8-week healing group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.235-242
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• 2006

Many researches have achieved to reuse existent experience at each step of software life cycle. It is achieved various study about Design Pattern serving that abstract level solves design problem at high level. But, design step is not supplying design information that is abstracted so that new designers may reuse standardizing defined good design information. Therefore, in this paper, to do so that can reuse existent design information because composes Design Pattern can solve problem at design step, and extend design information that also is standardized XMI to base meta model of Design Pattern. And I did so that can compose Design Pattern utilizing MetaModel of Design Pattern standardized by XMI. Therefore, software designer can reuse composing existent design information that is could standardize problem at design because uses MetaData of standardized Design Pattern, and designs by Design Pattern base.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1953-1958
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• 2015

Background: In India, cancer accounts for 7.3% of DALY's, 14.3% of mortality with an age-standardized incident rate of 92.4/100,000 in men and 97.4/100,000 in women and yet there are no nationwide screening programs. Materials and Methods: We calculated age-standardized and age-truncated (30-69 years) detection rates for men and women who attended the Indian Cancer Society detection centre, New Delhi from 2011-12. All participants were registered with socio-demographic, medical, family and risk factors history questionnaires, administered clinical examinations to screen for breast, oral, gynecological and other cancers through a comprehensive physical examination and complete blood count. Patients with an abnormal clinical exam or blood result were referred to collaborating institutes for further investigations and follow-up. Results: A total of n=3503 were screened during 2011-12 (47.8% men, 51.6% women and 0.6% children <15 years) with a mean age of 47.8 yrs (${\pm}15.1yrs$); 80.5% were aged 30-69 years and 77.1% had at least a secondary education. Tobacco use was reported by 15.8%, alcohol consumption by 11.9% and family history of cancer by 9.9% of participants. Follow-up of suspicious cases yielded 45 incident cancers (51.1% in men, 48.9% in women), consisting of 55.5% head and neck (72.0% oral), 28.9% breast, 6.7% gynecological and 8.9% other cancer sites. The age-standardized detection rate for all cancer sites was 340.8/100,000 men and 329.8/100,000 women. Conclusions: Cancer screening centres are an effective means of attracting high-risk persons in low-resource settings. Opportunistic screening is one feasible pathway to address the rising cancer burden in urban India through early detection.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

This study analyzed the peak drought severity and drought duration of the Cheongmicheon watershed from 1985 to 2015 to assess the lag time of peak drought severity between several drought indices. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on precipitation and evapotranspiration were applied as meteorological drought indices. Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) based on runoff data was applied as hydrological drought index. In case of SDI, we used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for simulation of daily runoff data. As a result, the time of peak drought severity of SDI occurred after the occurrence of SPI and SPEI. The lag time for the peak drought severity, on average, between SDI and SPI was 0.59 months while SDI and SPEI was 0.79 months. As compared with SDI, the maximum delay was 2 months for both SPI and SPEI. This study results also shows that even though the rainfall events were able to cope with meteorological droughts, they were not always available to solve the hydrological droughts in the same time.