• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.143-150
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• 1980

The purpose of this double-blind study was to study the standardized ginseng-extract (marketed form, GINSANA), in regard to its efficacy on the reaction time, pulmonary function and general health in subjects of various age-groups. The trial was conducted as a double-blind study in a total of 120 subjectsm allocated to different groups, according to age (30 to 39 and 40 to 60 year age-groups), sex and preparation administered (ginseng/placebo). The study lasted 12 weeks and the dosage was fixed at 2 capsules per day. The rusults regarding reaction time and pulmonary function showed significant differences in favour of the GINSANA group, over the placebo group, in the 40 to 60-year-old men and women. In the self-evaluation (performance, mood, concentration) we observed a clear improvement (p < 0.001) in the subjects treated with GINSANA, with the exception of the men age 30-39 years. The results botained, which are specially related to reaction, pulmonary function, self evaluation and tolerability, have shown that GINSANA, as standardized ginseng extract, has a favourable effect on the psychic and physical functions studied. 3. Performance test in top sportsmen before and after 9 weeks' treatment with GINSANA To what extent can GINSANA influence physical performance? It is precisely we the physicians whose task it is to find drugs which in physiological amounts do not have any special pharmacodynamic effects. We were therefore interested in the preparation, GINSANA which was made available to us, since it contains a qualitatively and quantitatively standardized GINSENG EXTRACT and is not doping agent.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2017

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to identify the effect of cognitive improvement programs for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korea. Methods: Five databases, as well as relevant reference lists, of studies published from 2000 to 2016, were searched. Fourteen studies were identified. Quality assessments of included studies were conducted using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklist. An R program was used to analyze effect sizes and to identify possible sources of heterogeneity among studies. The potential for publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, Egger's regression test and sensitivity analysis. Results: The total effect size was large (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]=1.44, 95% CI: 1.11~1.77), with cognition based intervention (SMD= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.26~2.29) and exercise intervention (SMD=1.13, 95% CI: 0.82~1.44). Statistically significant moderators were identified intervention type by meta-ANOVA analyses. Finally, no significant evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusion: There is clear evidence that cognitive improvement programs can greatly enhance cognition in elderly with MCI. Future research should examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions targeting elderly populations with mild-to-severe cognitive impairment in order to develop and enhance the effectiveness of cognitive improvement programs in Korea.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to design the instructional model to develop logical thinking competency of engineering students and to investigate the effect of the model. The instructional model is composed of the virtual context (films were provided), problem solving, feedback, another problem solving with different perspectives, feedback. The process is looped. The results showed statistically significant improvements between pre- and post-test. The first standardized test of critical thinking showed the improvement from pre-test to post-test (d=0.646). The second test of logical thinking showed the improvement from pre-test to mid-term test (d=0.753) and improvement from mid-term to post-test (d=1.529).

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.107-127
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• 2013

In the 21st century, The service industry is becoming a new core business. In the modern industrial society, it escapes from supporting the manufacturing industry and finally leads to the growth of the manufacturing industry. Although many companies have met a variety of customer requirements through the existing service process, an organization or service developer has been failed because they had depended on intuitive judgment. Therefore, in this paper, we suggests CSIM(Case-based Service Improvement Methodology) to support improvement direction. This methodology is based on 120 cases and developed by utilizing the TRIZ concepts. As a result, CSIM will be a creative tool to support a developer to solve the problems.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

Background: There are various conservative treatment options for lateral epicondylitis (LE). The aim is to evaluate pain, daily functioning, and complications after ultrasound-standardized autologous blood injections in patients with LE. Methods: For this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients (>18 years) diagnosed with LE were included. Autologous blood was injected using a medical device containing an injection disposable with 12 small needles (Instant Tennis Elbow Cure [ITEC]) device. Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE), subjective elbow score (SES), palpation and provocation pain, satisfaction, and complications of treatment were measured at baseline and two months after treatment. Paired t-tests and Fisher's exact tests were used for calculating the difference between pre- and post-treatment outcomes. Results: Fifty-five elbows were analyzed. Mean time between pre- and post-treatment was 11.1 weeks (standard deviation [SD], 8.9 weeks). The mean PRTEE score decreased from 68.2 (SD, 15.7) before surgery to 53.2 (SD, 25.9; p<0.001) after. The mean SES improved from 36.9 (SD, 20.8) to 51.7 (SD, 27.4; p<0.001). Despite this improvement, only 44.7% of patients showed relevant clinical improvement in PRTEE, and 37.3% showed significant clinical improvement based on SES. Four patients reported a complication and the injection disposable failed three times. Conclusions: Ultrasound-standardized autologous blood injection using the ITEC device is not an effective tool in reducing symptoms related to LE. This study showed that only half of all patients experienced a positive effect. In this heterogeneous cohort of patients, we showed no added value of ultrasound standardization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.455-462
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• 1990

The purpose of this study were to investigate relationships between the franchisors and franchisees in terms of management, satisfaction and cooperation, and to establish a model for improvement of the foodservice management structure of fast food franchise system. Data were collected from 4 hamburger and 7 noodle franchisors, and from 21 hamburger and 38 noodle franchisees. Surveyed chains were composed of 10 franchisor-owned units and 49 franchised units. The instrument used in this study was Liker type 5-scale guestionnarie. Hypotheses concerning relations between management practices by franchisor and satisfaction of franchisee, cooperation of franchisee were tested using path analysis. Unit management practices by franchisors were significantly different according to the operation style. Franchisor-owned hamburger chains rather than franchised noodle chains were better managed by franchisors in terms of QSC and management support. Management practices by franchisors in the whole showed a significant relationship with the satisfaction, cooperation, and the implementation of standardized recipes by franchisees. Franchisees' satisfaction had a significant positive relation with the cooperation and the implementation of standardized recipes. QSC management practices and management support by franchisors, had no direct relevance to the general cooperation of franchisees, and management practices in the whole had a little relevance to it, but franchisees' satisfaction in terms of QSC and the whole had a strong effect to their QSC Cooperation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.308-319
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects size of simulation education targeting korean nurses and nursing students. Methods: Meta-analysis was conducted with 48 papers in domestic master and doctorate degree dissertations and academic journals from 2000 to 2014. Results: The entire effect size in simulation education was relevant to big effect size. Regarding the effect size of individual variables, nurse was identified to have biggest effect size in study subject, standardized patient was identified to have biggest effect size in simulation methods and pediatric nursing was identified to have biggest effect size in study subjects. Effect size in each effect variable was highest in psychomotor domain. Conclusion: This study identified the effect size of simulation education and provided the basic data to contribute to the quality improvement of simulation education which is based on the reasons.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 1991

Recognition of the usefulness and the importance of the nursing diagnosis is increasing. There is a prevailing opinion that nursing diagnosis should be used to improve the quality of nursing care. Developing standardized nursing care palns based on nursing diagnoses is therefore considered one of the most essential projects for professional growth and improvement in the nursing world of Korea. Consequently, in the first stage of this research project, the ten nursing diagnses used most frequently with patients on medical and surgical wards were determined and related nursing care plans were developed, implemented and evaluated. The application of the standardized nursing care plans raised the nurses' confidence and proved to be effective in enhancing the quality of nursing care. This study was initiated as the next stage, to develop, test, and determine the validity of nursing care plans for the remaining nursing diagnoses. Nineteen medical and surgical wards were selected for the study ; the 176 staff nurses working on those wards and 1211 patients hospitalized there (603 patients during the nursing care plan use) took part in the project. The following summarizes the results of the study : 1. After listing all the nursing diagnoses up to the 20th in frequency from each ward except the ten used in the first study, 22 nursing diagnoses were selected. Two related to ‘self care deficit’, were combined into one. Standardized nursing care plans were established for these 21 nursing diagnoses. 2. The first page of each nursing care plan lists the related factors and defining characteristics as supporting data. The application rate distribution revealed that the majority were recorded less than 50% of the time. For each nursing diagnosis, only one to three related factors were recorded more than 50% of the time regardless of the number of suggested related factors, and similarly, only one to five defining characteristics were recorded more than 50% of the time regardless of the number of suggested defining characteristics. Therefore, these factors and defining characteristics were proposed as the common related factors and the typical signs and symptoms for each nursing diagnosis. 3. The application rate distribution for the expected outcomes, and the nursing orders that were the main data of each nursing care plan occurred more than 50% of the time, unlike the related factors and the characteristics that occurred less frequently. These findings supported the clinical validity. 4. In an effort to evaluate indirectly the effect of the use of the standardized nursing care plans, nurses' job satisfaction and perceptions of their ability in the use of the nursing process were measured and compared. Scores after the use of the plans were significantly higher than those before. The experience in actually using the standardized nursing care plans with patients increased the nurses' professional and emotional satisfaction and their confidence in using the nursing process. Also when the nurses who actually used the nursing care plans were asked to rate their effectiveness, the highest score was given to ‘the ease of establishing the nursing goal’, followed by ‘improved professional advice and care for patients’, ‘the efficiency and systemization of charting’, ‘the definite recognition of the nursing problem’, and ‘the selection of effective and appropriate nursing interventions’ in descending order. The results indicate the nurses were very positive about the effect of the real clinical application of standardized nursing care plans, and that the objective of this study to utilize the nursing diagnosis to strengthen the nursing process was attained.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2023

Objective: Chemotherapy is usually given to inhibit cancer progression. It is the most common side effect of chemotherapyinduced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) after chemotherapy, and its symptoms include pain such as paresthesia, dysesthesia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and electrical stimulation. Therefore, in this review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were combined to analyze the effect qualitatively and quantitatively in order to find out the effect of manual therapy on patients with CIPN through a meta-analysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis Methods: This review conducted a literature search through international databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science) in December 2022 to synthesize the effect of manual therapy on the symptomatic improvement of CIPN. Qualitative evaluation (risk of bias) and quantitative evaluation using ReVMan provided by the Cochrane Group were expressed as a random effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: In four RCTs 165 patients with CIPN were evaluated for symptoms of neuropathy. The experimental group consisting of manual therapy and its subcategories showed significant improvement compared to the control group. The results analyzed through the random effects model were SMD=-1.11; 95% confidence interval, -1.97 to -0.24. Conclusions: We came to the conclusion that manual therapy could significantly contribute to improving the symptoms of CIPN, and since it may vary depending on the technique of manual therapy, further studies on manual therapy suitable for neuropathy are needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and injection therapy through qualitative and quantitative analysis by synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted on patients with various shoulder diseases. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Methods: This review conducted a literature search through international electronic databases in January 2023 to compare the effects of ESWT and injection therapy. Qualitative analysis was performed as a risk of bias tool, and quantitative analysis was synthesized with a random effect model to show the effect size as a standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Five RCTs involving 298 individuals with shoulder disorders were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. ESWT showed a moderate effect on pain (SMD=-0.44; 95% CI, -0.95 to 0.06) and a large effect on shoulder function (SMD =-0.81; 95% CI, -1.70 to 0.07) than injection therapy. A significant difference was found in the shoulder range of motion, showing a large effect size (SMD=1.50; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.43). Conclusions: When considering treatment options for the management of patients complaining of shoulder disorders, it is appropriate to recommend ESWT first rather than injection therapy to increase the range of motion of the joint. In addition, ESWT is safe for pain control and shoulder function improvement, and a positive prognosis could be expected.