• Korean journal of medical education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.347-357
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply alternative standard setting methods for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE), a criterion-referenced written examination, and to compare them to the conventional cut score used on the KMLE. Methods: The process and results of criterion-referenced standard settings (i.e., the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods) were evaluated. The ratio of passing and failing examinees determined using these alternative standard setting methods was compared to the results of the conventional criteria. Additionally, the external, internal and procedural evaluation of these methods were reviewed. Results: The modified-Angoff method yielded the highest cut score, followed sequentially by the conventional method and the bookmark method. The classification agreement between the modified-Angoff and bookmark methods was 0.720 measured by Cohen's ${\kappa}$ coefficient. The intra-panelist classification consistency of modified-Angoff method was higher than bookmark method. However, the inter-panelist classification consistency was vice versa. The standard setting panelists' survey results showed that the procedures of both methods were satisfactory, but panelists had more confidence in the results of the modified-Angoff method. Conclusion: The modified-Angoff method showed results that were more similar to those of the conventional method. Both new methods showed very high concordance with the conventional method, as well as with each other. The modified-Angoff method was considered feasible for adoption on the KMLE. The standard setting panelists responded positively to the modified-Angoff method in terms of its practical applicability, despite certain advantages of the bookmark method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.81-91
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• 1983

In this study the methods of the overhead standard setting and the overhead variance analysis, which raise problems especially in business practice in case that small businesses introduce the standard cost accounting system, were examined by hypothetical examples. As the result of this study small businesses are advised to take the following in setting the overhead cost. (1) To divide the mixed cost into variable overhead and fixed overhead, it is desirable to take Beast square method. (2) In setting the overhead standard, it is desirable to fake the flexible budget system and to make a budget by the inspection method, after dividing the overhead into variable overhead and fixed overhead. (3) After dividing the overhead variance into variable overhead variance and fixed overhead variance, it is desirable to analyze them as follows. (A) Variable overhead variance is analyzed into spending variance and efficiency variance. (B) Fixed overhead valiance is analyzed into budget variance and denominator variance.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.40-50
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• 2023

This study is to examine the validity of assessing basic-level proficiency in physics among incoming engineering freshmen through item analysis and standard setting. For empirical analysis, we examined the physics subject taken by the freshman class of 2021 at K University, considering its significance for engineering students. In this study, we initially performed item analysis utilizing both classical test theory and item response theory. Subsequently, leveraging the item and test information, we employed a modified Angoff method and the Bookmark method for standard setting. Consequently, the difficulty level initially set during item development was found to be higher than the actual performance level exhibited by the students. This study highlights a discernible disparity between the expected university standard and the real proficiency level of incoming freshmen in terms of basic academic ability in physics. Based on these research findings, a comprehensive discussion on the fundamental academic competence of engineering students was conducted, underscoring the necessity for formulating a tailored learning approach leveraging the outcomes from the basic ability test.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-168
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• 2011

In medium and small firm, the management system which is simple and where there is a practicality is required Ill)re than the management system which is complicated and minute of the centered around large company so that the introduction of the standard costs can be activated and it can be usefully used as a tool of management decisions. A difference between the standard costs introduction plan proposed in this paper and the preexistance study literature are as follows. In this paper, by breaking from the whole cost accounting aiming at all item, that is the traditional introduction method, and presenting the product cost accounting method by group the standards setting object was minimized and simplified. In this way, if the standards setting object is simplified, it is quick at the perimeter environment change as the little man power and flexibly it corresponds to and the cost information calculation which is exact with the setting up and maintenance of the efficient cost standard becomes available. As a result of applying for real through S corp., the usability of the method that the standard costs introduction method proposed in this paper produced the standard costs relatively short within period, it manages was verified. And the standard costs introduction method proposed in this paper went by the various cost information for each products, the management class did the management will decision which was objective and reasonable in the putting first.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.730-740
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate setting and thermal expansion of dental soldering investments. In order to compare expansion rates and to investigate the effect of water/powder ratio on expansion, setting and thermal expansion of low dental soldering investments were measured under three different water/powder ratio conditions. standard, 20% decreased and 20% increased. Setting expansion of investments was measured by use of dialgauge method. Each measurement was started two minutes later from the beginning of spatulation and recorded every one minute for one hour. Thermal expansion of cylindrical test specimens, 10mm diameter, 50mm length, was recorded in a thermodilatometer at heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$ per minute from $25^{\circ}C\;to\;700^{\circ}C$. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Setting expansion rates under the standard water/powder ratio condition were 0.198% in Speed-E, 0.090% in Deguvest, 0.080% in CM and Hi-temp. Setting expansion of Speed-E was significantly different from those of CM, Deguvest and Hi-temp, and setting expansion of Deguvest was significantly different from those of CM and Hi-temp(p<.05). 2. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in setting expansion of 4 dental soldering investments (p<.05). 3. There were no significant differences in setting expansions of investments except Hi-temp between standard and increased water/powder ratio condition(p<.05). 4. Thermal expansion rates under the standard water/powder ratio condition were 1.923% in Deguvest, 1.629% in Speed-E, 1.619% in Hi-temp and 1.580% in CM. No significant differences in thermal expansions under the standard water/powder ratio condition existed only between Speed-I and Hi-temp(p<.05) 5. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in thermal expansion of CM and Deguvest but decrease in thermal expansion of Speed-E (p<.05). 6. Under the increased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant decrease in thermal expansion of CM, Deguvest and Speed-I but decrease in thermal expansion of Hi-temp(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.479-498
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• 2013

As education is one of key factors to improve national competitiveness, quality education becomes a top priority in all countries around the world. In South Korea, The Basic Skills Competency Test is administered annually to select below-basic third graders and provide intervention programs. The Basic Skills Competency Test was designed to diagnose the minimal competency of third graders according to a national-level standards. The purpose of this study was to analyze standard-setting procedures and set cut-off scores. This study offered the empirical evidence that standard-setting is generally applicable in schools by the modified Ebel method. More future researches addressing appropriate and efficient standard-setting methods in real school situations are needed to be taken in.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1996

The purpose of this research was to develop labor-saving cultural practices of cherry tomatoes in the deep flow technique (DFT) by omitting the process of raising seedling. Three cultivars, ‘Pepe’, ‘Pico’ and ‘Koko’ were propagated by the immediate setting of cuttings(lateral shoots) to the culture bed and by setting seedlings obtained by raising cuttings for 15 days, and grown in the standard and half - strength solution. 1. The immediate setting resulted in higher plants, larger number of leaves and larger leaf area during the early growth stage. And the harvest time was hastened by six days in the direct setting than that in the seedling setting. It was also earlier in ‘Pepe’, but not significant by different between two strengths of nutrient solution. 2. The average fruit weight was affected only by cultivars, but not by the type of cutting and the strength of nutrient solution. The highest yields were obtained from the immediate setting of ‘Pepe’ in other cultivars grown in the nutrient solution of standard strength. 3. Brix degree of treated cherry tomato juice was higher in ‘Pepe’ tomato cultured by immediate setting than others.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2002

To study of binder and fine aggregate a lot of replacement fly-ash concrete, initial characteristics, standard environment of curing temperature $20^{\circ}C$, hot-weather environment, cold weather environment of curing temperature $5^{\circ}C$. Flash concrete tested slump, air contest, setting and Hardening concrete valuated setting period of form, day of age 3, 7, 28 compression strength in sealing curing. Underwater curing specimen compression strength of age 3. 7, 28day used strength change accordingly fly-ash concrete curing temperature. Purpose of study is consultation materials in field that variety of fly-ash replacement concrete mix proportion comparison and valuation. (1) Setting test result, fly-ash ratio of replacement higher delay totting time. Same volume of fly-ash ratio of replacement is lower fly-ash ratio of replacement fine aggregate delay setting time. Setting test in curing temperature $35^{\circ}C$ over twice fast setting in curing temperature $20^{\circ}C$ and all specimen setting delay in curing temperature $5^{\circ}C$. F40 specimen end of setting about 30 time. (2) Experiment result age 28day compression strength more fisher plan concrete then standard environment in curing temperature $20^{\circ}C$, cold weather environment in curing temperature $5^{\circ}C$, most strength F43 is hot-weather environment in curing temperature $35^{\circ}C$ replacement binder 25%, fine aggregate 15%. (3) Hot-weather environment replacement a mount of fly-ash is a same of plan concrete setting period of form. Age 28day compression strength replacement a mount of fly-ash more hot-weather concrete then plan concrete.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.605-618
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• 2019

The study proposes some principles that enable local governments to set-up their own civil welfare standard through the public-private partnership in the context of the participation of residents. First, the study analyzes the concept of the civil welfare standard in comparison with the national minimum. In sequence, the study tries to compare various conception, set-up process, fields and contents of the civil welfare standard in 10 local government. And the study suggests a series of some principles for setting-up the civil welfare standard, budget securing, developing core businesses, and reflecting regional characteristics. At last, the study would remind that the process of setting-up and realization of a civil welfare standard could be long-term project through the public-private partnership with civil society organizations, research institutions, local governments and local councils in region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

This paper is to present the performance data for improved direct setting method using tile bond for application of porcelain tile under 1 percent absorptance. For this purpose, improved direct setting method type 1 & 2(tile bond curing time 0, 24H) were compared with the conventional setting methods(including direct setting method and improved pressure setting method) in the sight of the adhesive stability of porcelain tile. It tested for tiles after 14, 28days under standard condition and severe conditions. The severe conditions were water immersion, heat ageing(70℃) and freeze-thaw cycle. On the basis of test results, the adhesive strength of direct setting method was lowest for the conventional setting methods. But improved direct setting method using tile bonds(A, B) came close to the result of improved pressure setting method using tile bonds.