• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to investigate nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to find out the differences according to the stages of disease. From March to October, 2006, 41 stable male patients of mild to severe COPD patients were recruited from Seoul National University hospital. The patients' of body weight and fat free mass were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The nutritional status of the patients was also assessed by 3-day recall, index of nutritional quality (INQ), dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary variety score (DVS), food group index pattern and dietary quality index (DQI). The total of 41 patients were classified into three groups, stage I, stage II and stage III groups according to the classification of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) standard. The mean age of the patients in each stage were 67.2-66.9 years showing no significant difference. The ratio of $FEV_1$/FVC were $57.5{\pm}7.3$, $46.9{\pm}7.6$ and $38.2{\pm}6.8%$, respectively showing significant differences according to the stages of disease. The fat free mass of the stage II ($48.2{\pm}4.7kg$) and III ($47.3{\pm}4.5kg$) was significantly lower than that of stage I ($53.1{\pm}6.9kg$) patients. There were significant correlation of fat free mass with $FEV_{1}$, and BMI (body mass index) with $FEV_{1}$/FVC ratio (p < 0.05). COPD patients showed the diet-related clinical symptoms of anorexia, dyspnea, dyspepsia, and chewing difficulty. Daily intakes of calorie, K, vitamin $B_2$ and folate of the patients were very low ($83.8{\pm}20.7%$, $58.9{\pm}14.4%$, $70.7{\pm}19.6%$ and $74.4{\pm}10.2%$, respectively) however, they did not significantly different according to the stages of disease. Daily intake of calcium was significantly lower in the stage III patients (p < 0.05). The mean scores of dietary variety score was significantly lower in the stage III patients (p < 0.001). Dietary quality index of the patients were not different among the stages of disease and the scores indicated poor quality of diet. As a summary, we found that body fat free mass, regularity of exercise, frequency of having snacks and dietary variety score were significantly associated with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2007

In general, it accomplished a spectral reflectance analysis to be, the measurement results appear differently by targets, methods and condition. This paper presents a standard methodology for preprocessing mineral/rock samples and setting the distance from a target to the sensor, and then examines closely the spectral features for pyrophyllite. The size of mineral/rock samples is various according to the condition and scale of outcrop, so it is important to maintain the distance between the sensor and the sample. Before standardization for preprocessing samples and the sensor and sample distance, we prepare various rock samples (Quartz Porphyry) such as natural rock, pebble, powder and cutting rock. For a qualitative analysis to minimize the effect of surface condition of the sample and shadow, we maintains the distance from the sample to the sensor at 30cm and measures three times repeatedly for cutting the sample at $1{\sim}2cm$ thickness. To illustrate the proposed methodology, a case study for pyrophyllite was carried out. In this study, pyrophyllite showed an absorption pattern at wave length of 1.406nm, 1,868nm, 2.180nm and 2.309nm, and a higher grade represented strong absorption at 1.406nm and 2.180 nm. These absorption feature corresponds the band 7 of LANDSAT TM and band 8 of ASTER imageries. So, using these results, pyrophyllite deposits were extracted from other features (such as barren area, concrete area, bed of river, stone pit area etc.).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

In order to manage a sewer system effectively, flow conditions such as flux, water quality, Infiltration and Inflow (I/I), Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), etc need to be monitored on a regular base. Therefore, in sewer networks, a monitoring is so important to prevent the river disaster. Monitoring all nodes of an entire sewer system is not necessary and cost-prohibitive. Water quality monitoring points that can represent a sewer system should be selected in a economical manner. There is no a standard for the selection of monitoring points and the quantitative analysis of the observed data has not been applied in sewer system. In this study, the entropy method was applied for a sewer network to evaluate and determine the optimal water quality monitoring points using genetic algorithm. The entropy method allows to analyze the observed data for the pattern and magnitude of temporal water quality change. Since water quality measurement usually accompanies with flow measurement, a set of installation locations of flowmeters was chosen as decision variables in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2019

Along with an increase in marine activities every year, the frequency of marine accidents is on the rise. Accordingly, various research activities and policies for marine safety are being implemented. Despite these efforts, the number of accidents are increasing every year, bringing their effectiveness into question. Preliminary studies relying on annual statistical reports provide precautionary measures for items that stand out significantly, through the comparison of statistical provision items. Since the 2000s, large-scale marine accidents have repeatedly occurred, and case studies have examined the "accident response." Likewise, annual statistics or accident cases are used as core data in policy formulation for domestic maritime safety. However, they are just a summary of post-accident results. In this study, limitations of current marine research and policy are evaluated through a literature review of case studies and analyses of marine accidents. In addition, the ontology of the marine accident information classification system will be revised to improve the current limited usage of the information through an attribute analysis of boating accident status reports and text mining. These aspects consist of the reporter, the report method, the rescue organization, corrective measures, vulnerability of response, payloads, cause of oil spill, damage pattern, and the result of an accident response. These can be used consistently in the future as classified standard terms to collect and utilize information more efficiently. Moreover, the research proposes a data collection and quality assurance method for the practical use of ontology. A clear understanding of the problems presently faced in marine safety will allow "suf icient quality information" to be leveraged for the purpose of conducting various researches and realizing effective policies.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of motion sickness on pupil rhythm. Sixteen volunteers of both genders (8 male, 8 female, mean age $25.67{\pm}2.43$ years) experienced VR contents in both 2D and HMD versions for 15 minutes, and their pupillary rhythms were compared. The irregular pattern of the pupillary rhythms, as demonstrated by increasing mean pupil diameter (mPD) and standard deviation of the pupil diameter (sPD), revealed motion sickness after experiencing HMD condition. The pupillary response is strongly related to the cognitive load, and the motion sickness can be interpreted as a change in the cognitive load caused by the increasing volume of visual information that must be processed and the conflict or inconsistency between different sensory modalities. The method proposed in this study could be a non-contact measurement method for the monitoring of motion sickness using a web-camera rather than previous sensor-based methods.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.86-107
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• 2014

The large stone cist tomb 8501 of Lingcheng prefecture Xiaoheishigou, according to Chinese chronology, was built during the late Western Zhou period. However in this tomb not only Chinese Zhongyuan style bronze ceremonial vessels but also indigenous style bronze ceremonial vessels and instruments and hybrid bronze ceremonial vessels with a mixture of both indigenous and Chinese styles were excavated in large numbers. The bronze ceremonial vessel assemblage of Xiaoheishigou, in comparison with the decorum regulations and bronze cauldron and coffer system of the Chinese Zhongyuan region of the same time period, belong to that of the lowest status category. However, in contrast to the lowest class category tombs of the Chinese Zhongyuan region, in this tomb, with the exception of cauldrons and coffers, the remaining food and wine vessels of the assemblage match the standard of emperors and feudal rulers of vassal states. This is reinforced by the burial of musical instruments. Of the bronze ceremonial vessels of Xiaoheishigou large stone cist tomb 8501, the indigenous and hybrid styles, in consideration of manufacture technology seem to have been manufactured locally. However, the form, pattern and also the standards of the Western Zhou style bronze ceremonial vessels are identical to those of the Chinese Zhongyuan region and therefore it is clear that they were manufactured in Western Zhou. The reason for these precious ceremonial vessels which were manufactured and used in the many individual vassal states of the Chinese Zhongyuan region being buried in Xiaoheishigou, seems to have been the result of economic exchange and friendly political relations between the Xiaoheishigou and other groups rather than these vessels having been plundered by the Xiaoheishigou group. A distinct cultural sphere existed between the Upper Xiajiadian culture and Western Zhou which interacted frequently with both sides.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2019

In this paper, a monopole type antenna applicable to WLAN and WiMAX standard frequency bands is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna is designed to have rectangular ring and rectangular patch based on microstrip feeding for triple band characteristics and inserted two stub in the top of the rectangular ring patch to enhance impedance bandwidth characteristics. The proposed antenna has $18.0mm(2W_1+W_2){\times}33.0mm(L_7+L_8+L_9)$ on a dielectric substrate of $27.0mm(W_1){\times}44mm(L_1){\times}1.0mm$ size. From the fabrication and measurement results, impedance bandwidths of 660MHz (2,08 to 2.74GHz) for 2.4/2.5MHz band, 488MHz (3.40 to 3.88GHz) for 3.5MHz band, and 2,180MHz (4.61 to 6.79GHz) for 5,000MHz band were obtained based on the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna also obtained the measured gain and radiation pattern in the anechoic chamber.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a MapReduce-supported clustering technique for collecting and classifying distributed workflow enactment event logs as a preprocessing tool. Especially, we would call the distributed workflow enactment event logs as Workflow BIG-Logs, because they are satisfied with as well as well-fitted to the 5V properties of BIG-Data like Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value. The clustering technique we develop in this paper is intentionally devised for the preprocessing phase of a specific workflow process mining and analysis algorithm based upon the workflow BIG-Logs. In other words, It uses the Map-Reduce framework as a Workflow BIG-Logs processing platform, it supports the IEEE XES standard data format, and it is eventually dedicated for the preprocessing phase of the ${\rho}$-Algorithm that is a typical workflow process mining algorithm based on the structured information control nets. More precisely, The Workflow BIG-Logs can be classified into two types: of activity-based clustering patterns and performer-based clustering patterns, and we try to implement an activity-based clustering pattern algorithm based upon the Map-Reduce framework. Finally, we try to verify the proposed clustering technique by carrying out an experimental study on the workflow enactment event log dataset released by the BPI Challenges.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to apply self-leadership program using films to nursing students and to confirm the effects of self-leadership, empowerment, self-directed learning and happiness. The study participants were 60 nursing students, the data was collected from March 7, to June 13, 2017. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test using SPSS WIN 24.0 computer program. The self-leadership program consisted of 13 sessions, and 14 films were used for self-management, self-training, and self-branding. The self-leadership of nursing students was significantly increased after education(t=-4.38, p<.001). In details, behavior-focused strategies, natural-reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies were all significant. Empowerment also increased significantly after education(t=-5.83, p<.001), and personal skills, collective recognition, and self-determination were all significant. Self-directed learning were high after education(t=-3.31, p=.002), and learning plans and learning practices were significant. In addition, the happiness of nursing college students was significantly higher after education(t=-4.49, p<.001). As a result of this study, self-leadership program using movies can improve self-leadership, empowerment, self-directed learning and happiness of nursing students and It will be possible to apply as educational intervention in the future.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2021

With the recent development of precision medicine(Theranostics), interest and utilization of the quantitative function of SPECT/CT are increasing. This study aims to investigate the effect on the radioactivity concentration estimate by the increase or decrease in the total time of SPECT/CT imaging conditions. A standard image was obtained by the conditions of a total acquisition time of 600 sec(10 sec/f × 120 frames) by diluting ^99mTc 91.76 MBq in a cylindrical phantom filled with sterile water, and a comparative image was obtained by increasing the total acquisition time by -90%, -75%, -50%, -25%, +50%, +100%. The CNR, radioactive concentration estimate(cps/ml), and the variation rate(%) of the recovery coefficient(RC) were analyzed by measuring the overall coefficient of interest in each image. The results[CNR, Radiation Concentration, RC] by the change in the number of projections for each increase or decrease rate(-90%, -75%, -50%, -25%, +50%, +100%) of total acquisition time are as follows. [-89.5%, +3.90%, 1.04] at -90%, [-77.9%, +2.71%, 1.03] at -75%, [-55.6%, +1.85%, 1.02] at -50%, [-33.6%, +1.37%, 1.01] at -25%, [-33.7%, +0.71%, 1.01] at +50%, [+93.2%, +0.32%, 1.00] at +100%. and also The results[CNR, Radiation Concentration, RC] by the acquisition time change for each increase or decrease rate(-90%, -75%, -50%, -25%, +50%, +100%) of total acquisition time are as follows. [-89.3%, -3.55%, 0.96] at -90%, [-73.4%, -0.17%, 1.00] at -75%, [-49.6%, -0.34%, 1.00] at -50%, [-24.9%, 0.03%, 1.00] at -25%, [+49.3%, -0.04%, 1.00] at +50%, [+99.0%, +0.11%, 1.00] at +100%. Image quality(CNR) showed a pattern of change in proportion to the increase or decrease in the total acquisition time of SPECT/CT, but the result at quantitative evaluation showed a change of less than 5% in all experimental conditions, maintaining quantitative accuracy(RC less than 0.05) without much influence.