• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate firmness, and sweetness index (SI) of tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) by using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the range of 1000-1400 nm. The mean spectra of the 95 matured tomato samples were extracted from the hyperspectral images, and the reference firmness and sweetness index of the same sample were measured and calibrated with their corresponding spectral data by partial least squares (PLS) regression with different preprocessing method. The results showed that the regression model developed by PLS regression based on Savitzky-Golay (S-G) second-derivative preprocessed spectra resulted in better performance for firmness, and SI of tomatoes compared to models developed by other preprocessing methods, with correlation coefficients (rpred) of 0.82, and 0.74 with standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.86 N, and 0.63 respectively. Then, the feature wavelengths were identified using model-based variable selection method, i.e., variable important in projection (VIP), resulting from the PLS regression analyses and finally chemical images were derived by applying the respective regression coefficient on the spectral image in a pixel-wise manner. The resulting chemical images provided detailed information on firmness, and sweetness index (SI) of tomatoes. Therefore, these research demonstrated that HIS technique has a potential for rapid and non-destructive evaluation of the firmness and sweetness index of tomatoes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2000

This study was carried out to predict blending ratio of cut tobacco(CT), expanded stem(ES), and expanded cut tobacco(ECT) in cigarettes. CT, ES, and ECT samples from A brand were, ground and blended with reference to A blending ratio, and scanned by near infrared spectroscopy(NIRSystem Co., Model 6500). Calibration equations were developed and then determined blending ratio by NIRS. The standard error of calibration(SEC) and performance(SEP) of C factory samples between NIRS and known blending ratio were 0.97%, 1.93% for CT, 0.50%, 1.12 % for ES and 0.68%, 1.10% for ECT, respectively. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factory samples determined by C factory calibration equation were more inaccurate than those of C factory samples determined by C factory calibration equations. These results were caused by the difference of CT, ES and ECT spectra followed by each factory. The SEP of CT, ES and ECT of Band D factories determined by calibration equations derived from each factory samples were more accurate than those of determined by calibration equation derived from C factory samples. Each factory SEP of CT, ES and ECT determined by calibration equation derived from all calibration samples(B+C+D factory) was similar to that determined by calibration equation derived from each factory samples. To improve the analytical inaccuracy caused by spectra difference, we need to apply a specific calibration equation for each factory sample. Data in development of specific calibrations between sample and NIRS spectra might supply a method for rapid determination of blending ratio of CT, ES, and ECT.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2023

Stature is an essential component of biological profile analysis since it determines an individual's physical identity. Long bone dimensions are generally used to estimate the stature of skeletal remains; however, non-long bones such as the sternum, cranium, and sacrum may be necessary for some forensic situations. This study aimed to generate a regression equation for stature estimation of the skeletal remains in the Thai population. Ten measurements of the sacrum were measured from 200 dry sacra. The results revealed that the maximum anterior breadth (MAB) provided the most accurate stature prediction model among males (correlation coefficient [r]=0.53), standard error of estimation (SEE=5.94 cm), and females (r=0.48, SEE=6.34 cm). For the multiple regression model, the best multiple regression models were stature equals 41.2+0.374 (right auricular surface height [RASH])+1.072 (anterior-posterior outer diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus [APOD])+0.256 (dorsal height [DH])+0.417 (transverse inner diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus [TranID])+0.2 (MAB) with a SEE of 6.42 cm for combined sex. For males, stature equals 63.639+0.478 (MAB)+0.299 (DH)+0.508 (APOD) with a SEE of 5.35, and stature equals 75.181+0.362 (MAB)+0.441 (RASH)+0.132 (maximum anterior height [MAH]) with a SEE of 5.88 cm for females. This study suggests that regression equations derived from the sacrum can be used to estimate the stature of the Thai population, especially when a long bone is unavailable.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Indirect calorimetry is the gold-standard method for the measurement of resting energy expenditure. However, this method is time consuming, expensive, and requires highly trained personnel. To overcome these limitations, various predictive equations have been developed. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in Korean non-obese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present study involved 109 participants (54 men and 55 women) aged between 20 and 64 years. The REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Nineteen REE equations were evaluated for validity, by comparing predicted and measured REE results. Predictive equation accuracy was assessed by determining percent bias, root mean squared prediction error (RMSE), and percentage of accurate predictions. RESULTS: The measured REE was significantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.001), but the difference was not significant after adjusting for body weight (P > 0.05). The equation developed in this study had an accuracy rate of 71%, a bias of 0%, and an RMSE of 155 kcal/day. Among published equations, the $FAO_{weight}$ equation gave the highest accuracy rate (70%), along with a bias of -4.4% and an RMSE of 184 kcal/day. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed equation provided the best accuracy in predicting REE for Korean non-obese adults. Among the previously published equations, the $FAO_{weight}$ equation showed the highest overall accuracy. Regardless, at an individual level, the equations could lead to inaccuracies in a considerable number of subjects.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.382-389
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• 2009

An in-situ probe-based spectrophotometer has been developed. This system used two spectrometers to measure soil reflectance spectra from 450 nm to 2200 nm. It collects soil electrical conductivity (EC) and insertion force measurements in addition to the optical data. Six fields in Kansas were mapped with the VIS-NIR (visible-near infrared) probe module and sampled for calibration and validation. Results showed that VIS-NIR correlated well with carbon in all six fields, with RPD (the ratio of standard deviation to root mean square error of prediction) of 1.8 or better, RMSE of 0.14 to 0.22%, and $R^2$ of 0.69 to 0.89. From the investigation of carbon variability within the soil profile and by tillage practice, the 0-5 cm depth in a no-till field contained significantly higher levels of carbon than any other locations. Using the selected calibration model with the soil NIR probe data, a soil profile map of estimated carbon was produced, and it was found that estimated carbon values are highly correlated to the lab values. The array of sensors (VIS-NIR, electrical conductivity, insertion force) used in the probe allowed estimating bulk density, and three of the six fields were satisfactory. The VIS-NIR probe also showed the obtained spectra data were well correlated with nitrogen for all fields with RPD scores of 1.84 or better and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.7 or higher.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.64-75
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• 2017

Previous count models using fixed parameter can not consider the unobserved heterogeneity, as the standard error of the count value is underestimated, excessive t-values are derived thereby reducing the reliability of the model. Also, the study of unsignalized intersections are inadequate because of the difficulty of collecting data and statistical limits for accurate analytical processes compared to the signalized intersections. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting traffic accidents by constructing the count model using random parameters, and it aimed to distinguish between existing studies based on the rural unsignalized intersections. As a result of the analysis, 7 variables were presented as significant variables, and 2 variables(presence of crosswalk, speed limit) were presented as random parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 2014

In this paper, it performed to the elastic-plastic large deflection series analysis using the experimental model and predicted a failure mode and ultimate strength. The collapse mode of numerical analysis model is formed a plastic hinge on loaded flange and consistent with the collapse mode of experimental model. Also, The yield line is formed in the web could observed that have occurred the crippling collapse mode and the ultimate loads of the experimental model and numerical analysis model have maintained linearly Means 1.07, Standard deviation 0.04, Coefficient of variation(COV) 0.04 and the result of ultimate loads have appeared approximately 8% error rate. it was found that very satisfied to the experimental results and the applied rules. if it is considered to be maintain a reasonable safety level, it is possible to predict the failure modes of aluminium alloy plate girders and ultimate loads.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.718-725
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• 1994

The applicability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine moisture, protein, fat and amylose content of domestic rice was studied. The standard error of prediction (SEP) of moisture, protein, fat and amylose in polished rice was 0.014, 0.196, 0.098 and 1.427%, and those SEP of brown rice was 0.12, 1.226, 0.153 and 1.923%, respectively. It is concluded that the NIRS method allowed to detect the content of moisture and protein in rice samples with fair precision comparing conventional analysis, but the accuracy for determining amylose and fat was not acceptable.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2020

An analysis model of noise map is proposed to evaluate and reduce the acoustical noise of power plant and its surroundings. The sound powers of many noise sources are estimated by measuring the sound levels of major equipments in the power plant. The analysis of noise has been made by using ENPro that is a commercial program for environmental noise prediction. The proposed model is verified by comparing the results from noise analysis and measurement at several points of the power plant units 1 through 4, and residential areas. It is shown that noise map simulation using the proposed model has a reliability, since the overall noise level approximates within the error of ±2 dB. Furthermore, through noise analysis, the increasing effect of noise due to newly established units 5 and 6 on residential areas is also analyzed. Consequently, the noise barrier is designed to meet an environmental noise standard and satisfy low cost and safety conditions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1998

A possibility of evaluation of the major internal quality factors-Brix, moisture contents, firmness and acid content in the Korean domestic 'Fuji'apple fruits by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) methods were investigated. A multiple linear regression(MLR) analysis between the data obtained by physico- chemical analysis method using refractometer, freeze drier, texture analyzer and titrater and NIR spectral data was carried out to make a calibration. The standard error of prediction(SEP) of Brix, moisture, firmness and acid content were $0.50^{\circ}Brix,\;0.64%,\;0.14kg/cm^2$ and 0.07%. It is concluded that NIRS methods can be used to evaluate Brix and moisture contents of in a apple non-destructive and rapid way but the accuracy for determination of firmness and acid content was slightly low.