• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.439-449
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• 1997

Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of sprinklers on fires typical of a number of occupancies including simulated of office furniture, supermarkets, carpet displays, libraries, video stores and liquor stores. After surveys of actual fire loads, the experiments were conducted in a specially designed sprinklered fire-calorimeter with a collecting hood 6 m x6 m leading to a vertical duct 1 m in diameter. Details of the rig are given elsewhere [1]. Only well ventilated fires were studied. Rate of heat release and production of various toxic chemicals were monitored during the tests. Both sprinklered and unsprinklered fires were used. The results were used to establish the unsprinklered burning behaviour and the fire-control effects of sprinklers. Before sprinkler operation, the rate of fire growth could be modelled as 12_fires as given in NFPA 92B (1991 Edition) [2]. It was found that operation of sprirnklers controlled but did not extinguish the fires. This was expected as parts of the fire load were shielded from the spray. Also there were significant increases in the concentration of carbon monoxide when the sprinklers operated. Sprinklers had little effect on the concentrations of other toxic products measured. The results from the tests were extrapolated to large single storey buildings for the same occupancy classes and the results used to compare the required and the available escape times for different occupancies, particularly whether the use of sprinklers would improve the chances of escape from those premises. It was found that in most of the cases studied, adequate escape times will be available without any special measures. For very rapid fire growths, however, special measures, such as availability of trained staff may be needed. Standard response sprinklers will have little impact.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.680-687
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• 2016

중소규모 설계사무소에서의 BIM(Building Information Modeling) 활용은 BIM 라이브러리 및 기술콘텐츠 등 요소 기술의 부재로 인하여 아직까지도 미흡한 실정에 놓여있다. BIM을 도입하고 활용하는 설계사무소의 기술적인 부담을 최소화하기 위해서는 BIM 라이브러리 및 기술 콘텐츠를 제공하고, 단일 BIM 정보를 다양한 용도로 공유 및 교환하는 체계가 필요하다. 왜냐하면 BIM 설계는 단순히 3D 형태로 건물의 외관만을 설계하는 것이 아니라 공사에 들어가는 물량을 산출하고, 자재 정보 등을 바탕으로 기술에 관한 설계정보 등을 제공할 수 있어야 하기 때문에 기술 콘텐츠의 마련이 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 설계 업무 단계에서 BIM 데이터와 기술 콘텐츠가 연계 사용될 수 있도록 시스템 모듈 개발을 통해 BIM 기술 콘텐츠를 보급함으로써 BIM 기반 설계 업무의 효율성을 높이는 데에 목적이 있으며, 개발된 BIM 기술 콘텐츠 데이터 활용 시스템 모듈을 통하여 BIM 저변이 확대될 수 있는 근간을 마련하고자 한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2019

Purpose: Despite its clinical benefits, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is less widely implemented for gastric cancer surgery. This nationwide survey investigated the current status of the implementation of ERAS in perioperative care for gastric cancer surgery in South Korea. Materials and Methods: This survey enrolled 89 gastric surgeons from 52 institutions in South Korea. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions about the implementation of the ERAS protocols in the management of gastric cancer surgery. The survey was carried out using an electronic form sent via email. Results: Of the 89 gastric surgeons, 58 (65.2%) answered that they have knowledge of the concept and details of ERAS, 45 (50.6%) of whom were currently applying ERAS for their patients. Of the ERAS protocols, preoperative education (91.0%), avoidance of preoperative fasting (68.5%), maintenance of intraoperative normothermia (79.8%), thromboprophylaxis (96.5%), early active ambulation (64.4%), and early removal of urinary catheter (68.5%) were relatively well adopted in perioperative care. However, other practices, such as avoidance of preoperative bowel preparation (41.6%), provision of preoperative carbohydrate-rich drink (10.1%), avoidance of routine abdominal drainage (31.4%), epidural anesthesia (15.9%), single-dose prophylactic antibiotics (19.3%), postoperative high oxygen therapy (36.8%), early postoperative diet (14.6%), restricted intravenous fluid administration (53.9%), and application of discharge criteria (57.3%) were not very well adopted for patients. Conclusions: Perioperative management of gastric cancer surgery is largely heterogeneous among gastric surgeons in South Korea. Standard perioperative care based on scientific evidence needs to be established to improve the quality of surgical care and patient outcomes.

• 소프트웨어공학소사이어티 논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

가변 길이 정보 메시지는 컴퓨터 네트워크 시스템을 통하여 효율적인 정보 제공을 하기 위하여 개발된 통신 프로토콜 표준이다. 이러한 가변 길이 정보 메시지는 정보 수신자의 정보 요구 수준 및 정보 수신자의 정보 접근 수준에 따라 정보의 상세함을 가변적으로 조절 할 수 있도록 설계된 메시지이다. 정보 메시지 최적화 기술은 정보 메시지를 다양한 데이터 압축 기술을 사용하여, 메시지 전체의 물리적인 사이즈를 줄이려고 노력하였다. 정보 메시지 최적화에서는 정보의 정확성을 최우선으로 고려하고 있어, 최적화 전/후가 동일한 비손실 압축 기법을 응용하여 사용하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 비손실 압축 기법만을 사용하면, 압축효율성이 현저하게 떨어져, 제한된 대역폭을 갖는 무선 네트워크 환경에서의 효율적인 전송이 이루어지지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 가변 길이 정보 메시지를 대상으로, 메시지 필드 단위로 정보의 최적화를 수행하여 메시지의 길이를 물리적으로 좀 더 효과적으로 최적화하도록 시도하였다. 또한, 본 논문에서 제시한 최적화 방법의 효율성을 보이기 위하여, 가변 길이 정보 메시지에 대한 최적화 실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

현재 국내에서는 비탈면의 안정성 확보를 위해 그라운드 앵커공법을 적용하고 있다. 그라운드 앵커는 시간이 지남에 따라 노후화 및 환경적 영향에 의한 부식, 릴렉세이션, 크립 등으로 긴장력 감소현상이 발생하며, 이로 인해 앵커의 긴장력은 설계앵커력 이하로 감소할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 이에 국내에서는 정기적인 점검 시 또는 이상 징후가 발생한 앵커를 대상으로 리프트오프 시험을 수행하여 앵커의 잔존긴장력을 확인하고 있으나, 현재 국내 리프트오프 시험기준(국토해양부, 2010)은 수행 및 평가방법이 자세히 명시되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 선행연구들을 바탕으로 하중 재하 제하 사이클, 하중 증분방법, 긴장재 긴장 방법 등을 고려하여 리프트오프 시험을 수행하였으며 현장에서의 시공성과 시간적 제한을 고려하여 효율적인 리프트오프 시험 및 평가방법 개선안을 제시하였다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose: This study identifies the relative importance of the sub - factors of initial services and continuous services using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and calculates the competitive index for the detailed factors. The purpose of this paper is to propose the establishment of long - term and short - term management strategy for expansion of business of food service franchise, franchisors, long - term and win - win relationship with franchisees, and rationalization of operating system. Research design, data, and methodology: The population for the survey is 92 franchisees in 46 foreign brands and 46 domestic brands in the Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul / Gyeonggi / Incheon). The survey was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 2018 through the survey agency with a telephone interview and a surveyor's direct visit. A total of 100 questionnaires were collected, but a total of 92 parts were used for analysis except 8 parts that were considered to contain false information. Using the AHP method, relative importance and competitiveness index were calculated for the details of initial services and continuous services. Results: The results shows continuous services were significantly higher for both foreign brand franchises, domestic brand franchises, and overall than initial services, This suggests that the continuous services of the affiliated franchisors has a higher relative importance than the initial services. Among the continuous services, brand reinforcement and promotion were significantly higher for both foreign brand merchants and domestic brand franchises. This can be regarded as the most important factor in brand reinforcement and promotion when selecting a food service franchisors. Conclusions: In the Standard Terms and Conditions governed by the Fair Trade Commission, the franchisors should increase the fairness by creating manuals for supporting services, especially after opening, and regularly checking whether the supporting services have been carried out like manuals since the establishment of franchisees. In addition, the Brand Strengthening and Public Relations Committee (tentative name) jointly participated by the franchisors and franchisees for the purpose of strengthening and promoting the brand, suggesting a system for transparent and efficient execution of the brand reinforcement and promotion budget and monitoring afterwards.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

이기종 지문센서 상호호환은 다른 센서 사용에 따른 각각의 지문 데이터의 변이성을 보상하기 위한 시스템의 능력을 말한다. 본 연구는 다양한 이기종 지문입력 센서의 호환을 위한 지문 특징점 보정 알고리즘 개발을 목적으로 한다. 제안한 보정 알고리즘은 테일러시리즈(Taylor Series) 전개식을 이용하여 서로 다른 센서로부터 획득된 이미지 간의 대응되는 특징점 사이의 변환식을 구하고, 이를 적용하여 이기종 센서간의 오차를 줄이는 방법이다. 도출한 테일러시리즈 변환 파라미터로 지문 특징점 템플릿을 변환하여 보정 전과 후의 결과를 실험하였다. 제안한 보정 알고리즘을 이용한 결과 보정 전보다 보정 후의 EER 에러가 전체적으로 60%이상 개선됨을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2022

With the development of 3D-based CAD (Computer Aided Design), attempts at freeform building design have expanded to small and medium-sized buildings in Korea. However, a standardized system for continuous utilization of shape data and BIM conversion process implemented with 3D-based NURBS is still immature. Without accurate review and management throughout the Freeform building project, interference between members occurs and the cost of the project increases. This is very detrimental to the project. To solve this problem, we proposed a continuous utilization process of 3D shape information based on BIM parameters. Our process includes algorithms such as Auto Split, Panel Optimization, Excel extraction based on shape information, BIM modeling through Adaptive Component, and BIM model utilization method using ID Code. The optimal cutting reference point was calculated and the optimal material specification was derived using the Panel Optimization algorithm. With the Adaptive Component design methodology, a BIM model conforming to the standard cross-section details and specifications was uniformly established. The automatic BIM conversion algorithm of shape data through Excel extraction created a BIM model without omission of data based on the optimized panel cutting reference point and cutting line. Finally, we analyzed how to use the BIM model built for automatic conversion. As a result of the analysis, in addition to the BIM utilization plan in the general construction stage such as visualization, interference review, quantity calculation, and construction simulation, an individual management plan for the unit panel was derived through ID data input. This study suggested an improvement process by linking the existing research on atypical panel optimization and the study of parameter-based BIM information management method. And it showed that it can solve the problems of existing Freeform building project.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2022

신속한 차단 사양을 위한 통신 신호는 시스템 구성과 관계없이 NEC 2014, NEC 2017 또는 해당 UL 규격에서는 "적용되는 모든 태양광(PV) 시스템의 빠른 차단 요구사항을 지원하도록 설계한다"라고 규정되어 있다. 한편 신재생에너지 관련 국내 규정 등을 보면 각 기관에서 정한 기준이나 규정, 지침 등은 일반적이거나 해당 기관이 필요한 부분만 제정해서 운영 중이다. 이러한 것들을 태양광 시설에 적용하기에는 미흡한 점이 많아 설계, 감리자와 검사기관의 검사 기준, 검사자의 기술 수준에 따라 과도하게 설비를 하는 경우 등이 발생하고 있다. 국제적으로 통용되는 IEC 규격은 각종 시설규격을 자세히 다루고 있다. 유럽 각국에서는 IEC를 근간으로 별도의 시설 규정이 있는데, 특히 기기의 성능, 안전성 등을 상세하게 다루고 있고, 미국 등 북미에서 적용하는 'NEC Article 690'인 경우 각 항목이 매우 상세하게 기술하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 국제적으로 통용 및 현재 적용되고 있는 태양광(PV) 셧다운(Shutdown) 기술에 대한 세부 내용들을 살펴보고자 한다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2022

Background: Treating panfacial fractures (PFFs) can be extremely difficult even for experienced surgeons. Although several authors have attempted to systemize the surgical approach, performing surgery by applying a unidirectional sequence is much more difficult in practice. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on PFF surgery sequence and to understand how different surgical specialists-plastic reconstructive surgery (PRS) and oral maxillofacial surgery (OMS)-chose sequence and review PFFs fixation sequence in clinical cases. Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were scoured for publications published up until May 2020. Data extracted from the studies using standard templates included fracture part, fixation sequence, originating specialist, and the countries. Bibliographic details like author and year of publication were also extracted. Also, we reviewed the data for PFFs patients in the Trauma Registry System of Dankook University Hospital from 2011 to 2021. Results: In total, 240 articles were identified. This study comprised 22 studies after screening and full-text analysis. Sixteen studies (12 OMS specialists and 4 PRS specialists) used a "bottom-top" approach, whereas three studies (1 OMS specialist and 2 PRS specialists) used a "top-bottom" method. However, three studies (only OMS specialists) reported on both sequences. In our hospital, there were a total of 124 patients with PFF who were treated during 2011 to 2021; 64 (51.6%) were in upper-middle parts, 52 (41.9%) were in mid-lower parts, and eight (6.5%) were in three parts. Conclusion: Bottom-top sequencing was mainly used in OMS specialists, and top-bottom sequencing was used at a similar rate by two specialists in literature review. In our experience, however, it was hard to consistently implement unidirectional sequence suggested by a literature review. We realigned the reliable and stable buttresses first with tailoring individually for each patient, rather than proceeding in the unidirectional sequence like bottom-top or top-bottom.