• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2005

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between state anxiety and maternal fetal attachment of unmarried mothers in a welfare center. Methods: The subjects were 25 unmarried mothers in a welfare center. The data was collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the modified Spielberger's state anxiety inventory and Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. Data was analyzed descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, t-test and the pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS computer program. Results: The age of the subjects ranged from 15 to 25, and their average age was 20.0. The mean score of state anxiety was 58.2. There was significant difference in the degree of maternal state anxiety between the group whose pregnancy was known by their family and the group whose pregnancy was hidden. The group whose pregnancy was known showed a low state anxiety score. There was a significant difference in the degree of maternal state anxiety by the gestational period. The group who were in the second and third gestational trimester showed lower state anxiety score than in the first trimester. The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment(MFA) was 64.9. There were significant differences in the degree of maternal fetal attachment, by an ultrasound scan experience. The most frequently practiced attachment item was "I think the fetus is able to feel(mean 3.8)". Unmarried mothers degree of state anxiety showed a negative correlation with the degree of maternal fetal attachment(r=-.25), but there was no significant difference between the two variables. Conclusions: The unmarried mothers made an effort in striving to reduce their high state anxiety and to enhance maternal fetal attachment. They also realize how to take care of their state anxiety.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2014

과거 작곡가들은 피아노, 바이올린, 기타, 플롯, 드럼과 같은 고전적 악기나 일반적인 도구들을 이용하여 작곡하였다. 그러나 디지털 기술의 발전으로 많은 소프트웨어 응용 프로그램이 개발되었으며 이제 음악가들은 개인용 컴퓨터를 이용하여 곡들을 제작할 수 있게 되었다. NIFF, SMDL, 그리고 MIDI와 같은 다양한 악보 표현 형식이 제안되었으나 MIDI 형식이 성공적으로 사용되어 왔다. 최근에는 MusicXML 형식이 컴퓨터 음악을 표현하는 사실상 표준으로 부상하였다. 본 논문에서는 MusicXML 형식의 구조에 대한 개요를 기술하고 C# 언어로 MusicXML 기반 악보 편집 소프트웨어를 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 이용하여 악보 편집 소프트웨어를를 구현함으로써 구현의 효율성을 보였으며 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to analysis relationship about quality of life and family burden of the home-based hospice patient families. Method: The subjects consisted of 94 families with home-based hospice patient. The ages of the subjects were 17-73 years with hospice patient who receivedhome visiting care and registered at 4 hospitals in Daegu and Kyung-Buk. The data was collected from March to November 2004. The instruments used for the study were Quality of Life Scale (GLS) and Family Burden Questionnaire (FBQ). The analysis was done using frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN 11.0. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of family burden was 3.36 ($\pm0.55$). The highest mean score of family burden 6 factors were wellness of future 3.85($\pm1.10$), and the second was economic family burden 3.63($\pm0.97$). 2. The mean score of quality of life was 3.09 ($\pm0.48$). The lowest score of quality of life 6 factors were economic status 2.86($\pm0.54$), and the second was physical state and function 3.01($\pm0.62$). 3. In the home-based hospice patient families, family burden had significant negative correlation with quality of life(r=-0.25, p=0.012). 4. Emotional status accounted for 11% of family burden in the home-based hospice patient families by means of stepwise multiple regression. 5. Economical status accounted for 18 and age accounted for an additional 11% of quality of life in the home-based hospice patient families by means of stepwise multiple regression. Conclusion: The finding showed that family burden and quality of life of home-based hospice patient families were significantly negative correlation and the highest factor of family burden was wellness of future and the most important factor of quality of life was economic status.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 2019

Purpose: Splenic hilar lymph node dissection (LND) during total gastrectomy is regarded as the standard treatment for proximal advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study aimed to investigate whether splenic hilar LND or D2 LND is essential for proximal AGC of pT2- 4aN0M0 stage. Materials and Methods: Data of curative total gastrectomies (n=370) performed from 2000 to 2010 for proximal AGC of pT2-4aN0 stage were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes were compared using propensity score matching between patients who underwent splenectomy (n=43) and those who did not (n=327) and between patients who underwent D2 LND (n=122) and those who underwent D1+ LND (n=248). Results: Tumors of larger size and a more advanced T stage and significantly lower overall and relapse-free survival (P<0.001) were observed in the splenectomy group than in the 2 spleen-preserving groups. Before propensity score matching, worse overall and relapse-free survival (P<0.001) was observed in the splenectomy group than in the non-splenectomy group. After matching, although the overall survival became similar (P=0.123), relapse-free survival was worse in the splenectomy group (P=0.021). Compared with D1+ LND, D2 LND had no positive impact on the overall (P=0.619) and relapse-free survival (P=0.112) after propensity score matching. Conclusions: Splenic hilar LND with or without splenectomy may not have an oncological benefit for patients with pathological AGC with no LN metastasis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2022

Objectives: Post-term pregnancy is a condition associated with increased maternal and fetal complications. Administration of castor oil causes cervical stimulation by increasing the production of prostaglandins. We examined the effects of castor oil on cervical ripening and labor induction through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The search process was performed to obtain relevant articles from databases including Pubmed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Science direct, SID, Iran Medex, and Google Scholar using the English keywords of cervical ripening, post-term, castor oil, labor induction, Bishop score, and pregnancy considering all possible combinations without time constraints and their Persian equivalents from national databases. Results: A total of eight related articles from the 19 primary studies were extracted and systematically reviewed. According to a cumulative chart, the difference in the post-intervention Bishop score was statistically significant (standard mean difference [SMD]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-2.11, p = 0.001), indicating an effect of castor oil on increasing the Bishop score. In addition, the difference in labor induction was statistically significant after the intervention (odds ratio: 11.67, 95% CI: 3.34-40.81, p = 0.001), indicating an effect of castor oil on increasing the odds ratio of labor induction (experience of vaginal delivery). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that oral administration of castor oil is effective for cervical ripening and labor induction. Midwives should closely monitor pregnant women with prolonged labor and collaborate with obstetricians to employ castor oil as a safe intervention to induce cervical ripening and labor to prevent undue caesarean surgery.

• 셀메드
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.19.1-19.8
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• 2021

Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common menstrual complaint in young women with a prevalence as high as 90% and is responsible for substantial repeated short-term absenteeism from school and work in young women. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Commiphora myrrha and honey with mefenamic acid in primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This prospective standard controlled trial was conducted at Luqman Unani Medical College Hospital and Research Center Vijayapura, India where 40 diagnosed patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomly assigned to receive test drug (powdered Commiphora myrrha gum resin10g with 30g honey in two divided doses) or active control drug (mefenamic acid 250mg TID) for first 3days of menstruationfor two consecutive cycles. The primary outcome measure was reduction in severity of pain assessed by numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and secondary outcome measures were improvement in quality of life (QOL) assessed by SF-36 and reduction in perceived stress score (PSS). Results: During first cycle treatment no significant difference was found in NPRS score (p=0.085) between the groups however significant difference in NPRS score (p<0.001) was seen during 2^nd treatment cycle. Significant reduction (p=0.022) in the perceived stress score was noted and overall quality of life was markedly improved after treatment in both the groups. Conclusion: These data suggest that Commiphora myrrha gum resin with honey is an effective herb in reducing symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. These results need to be confirmed by a properly designed trial with a larger sample size. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2017/09/009596.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1407-1417
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• 2012

소프트웨어 시스템을 보안 침해로부터 보호하기 위해서는 소프트웨어의 개발 단계에서부터 생명주기 전체에 걸쳐 보안약점을 제거하는 작업이 요구된다. 이러한 작업을 수행함에 있어서 계속하여 보고되고 있는 다양한 보안약점들에 대하여 시스템 보안과 실제 활용 목적에 미치는 영향이 큰 보안약점을 선별하여 적절히 대처하는 것이 효과적이다. 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 보안약점 및 보안취약점의 중요성에 대한 기존의 정량 평가 방법론들을 소개하고, 이를 기반으로 신뢰도가 중요시되는 소프트웨어 시스템에 대하여 보안약점의 일반적인 심각성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 정량 평가 기준을 제안한다. 또한 제안된 기준을 사용하여 2011 CWE/SANS Top 25 보안약점 명세에 대한 중요도 평가를 수행하고 그 결과를 기존 점수와 비교함으로써 제안된 평가기준의 유용성을 보이고자 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

Commercial banks have a significant impact on the economy of Vietnam because they provide the majority of transactional capital. Therefore, the operational efficiency of commercial banks is a viral topic for the study of the Vietnamese banking system. The research aims to examine the efficiency and inefficiency of joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 and then classify them into the efficient group and inefficient group. The study employs the time series data of 29 joint-stock commercial banks during the period 2016-2020. Based on the data collected from the annual audited financial statements of 29 Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks, the authors select input and output variables for the standard DEA models and anti-efficient DEA models. This research uses two stages, first, by applying the standard DEA model, we investigate the efficient banks; second, by employing the anti-efficient DEA model, we find out the inefficient banks. The results reveal that the average efficiency score of 29 joint-stock commercial banks tends to increase in the period 2016-2018 and decrease gradually in the period 2019-2020. The findings of this study suggest that several small and medium-sized banks in the Vietnamese banking sector have both promising and risky performances and the efficiency of state-owned commercial banks has also improved significantly during the study period.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose to improve the designation examination criteria of agencies that provide personal identity proofing based on the resident registration number (RRN), a 13-digit number uniquely assigned by the government to identify Korean citizens. In online commerce, etc., the personal identity proofing agency (PIPA) is a place where online users can prove their personal identity by presenting an alternative means instead of their RRN. The designation examination criteria for PIPAs established in 2012 is a revision of the relevant current laws, and there is a problem in applying the designation examination for alternative means of RRN as the current examination standard. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to make the current examination criteria applicable to the newly designated examination of the personal identity proofing service provider based on the current RRN alternative method. According to the current designation examination criteria, only those who satisfy all the examination criteria are designated as the PIPA. However, in reality, it is not in line with the purpose of regulatory reform to require that all examination criteria be satisfied. In the proposed method, it is proposed to apply the standard score system for designation of PIPAs, to make the law current, to secure legal compliance, and to establish a new examination standard to provide a new alternative means of personal identity proofing service. By applying the proposed method to the PIPA designation examination, various alternative means of RRN can be utilized in the online commerce service market.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

4차원 방사선치료시 환자의 정확한 호흡 조절을 위한 바이오피드백 시스템의 개발을 위해 IR (Infra-red) 카메라 뿐만아니라 일반 카메라에서 얻는 영상에서 표적의 움직임을 추적하는 최적화된 추적 알고리즘을 찾고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 LabVIEW 2010을 사용해서 시스템을 구성하였다. 모션팬톰(motimo Phantom)의 움직임을 카메라 (IR 카메라와 일반 카메라)를 통하여 영상을 획득하고 영상처리를 거친 후 ROI (Region of interest)를 설정하여, 영상에서 지정한 ROI와 패턴 매치된 점의 상하의 움직임만 좌표로 기록하였다. 영상처리에는 문턱값을 사용하여 이진화된 영상을 만들고 Sobel, Prewitt, Differentiation, Sigma, Gradient, Roberts 등의 여러 윤곽선 강조방법들을 적용한 후에 영상을 합하여 사용했다. 다양한 방법들의 성능을 객관적으로 평가하기 위한 인자로 'score' 값을 정의하여 성능을 비교하였다. 모든 방법들을 최대한 같은 조건에서 비교하기 위해서 5분씩 3번 반복하여 측정하여 ASCII 파일로 저장하여 저장된 'score' 값의 평균값과 표준편차를 구하여 비교하였다. 문턱값만을 적용한 영상의 score는 706이고 표준편차는 84였다. 윤곽선강조를 사용한 알고리즘들의 score와 표준편차는 각각 Sobel 794와 64, Differentiation 770과 101, Gradient는 754과 85, Prewitt 763과 75, Roberts 777와 93, Sigma 822와 62였다. 가장 좋은 효율을 보인 알고리즘은 Sigma방법이였다. 추적 효율이 가장 좋게 나온 Sigma방법을 이용해서 호흡을 조절하여 호흡동조 방사선치료를 시행할 때 카메라(IR 카메라 및 일반 카메라)상의 점 추적에 대한 정확도의 증가로 치료 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.