• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2021

Shingled module shows high ratio active area per total area due to more efficient packing without inactive space between cells. The module is fabricated by connecting the pre-cut cells into the string using electrically conductive adhesives (ECA). ECAs are used for electric and structural connections to fabricate the shingled modules. In this work, we investigated a correlation between ECA peel strength and the efficiency of pre-cut 5 cells module which are fabricated according to ECA interconnection conditions. The curing conditions are varied to determine whether ECA interconnection properties can affect module properties. As a result of the peel test, the highest peel strength was 1.27 N/mm in the condition of 170℃, the lowest peel strength was 0.89 N/mm in the condition of 130℃. The efficiency was almost constant regardless of the curing conditions at an average of 20%. However, the standard deviation of the fill factor increased as the adhesive strength decreased.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2023

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers with a poor prognosis. Standard chemotherapies have proven largely ineffective because of their toxicity and the development of resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of MS-5, a naphthalene derivative, on BxPC-3, a human pancreatic cancer cell line. We observed that MS-5 was cytotoxic to BxPC-3 cells, as well as inhibited the growth of cells in a concentration- and time- dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the percentage of annexin V-positive cells increased after MS-5 treatment. We also observed cleavage of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and downregulation of Bcl-xL protein. Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide suggested that MS-5 induced the generation of mitochondrial superoxide while lowering the overall intracellular ROS levels. Thus, MS-5 may be potential candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2024

Objectives: Genotoxicity is evaluated through a chromosomal aberration test using cultured mammalian cells to determine the toxicity of no-pain pharmacopuncture (NPP), which has recently been used to treat musculoskeletal pain disorders in Korean medical clinical practice. Methods: An initial test was performed to determine the dosage range of the NPP, followed by the main test. In this study, NPP doses of 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%, and negative and positive controls were tested. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells under short-term treatment with or without metabolic activation and under continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Results: Compared with the saline negative control group, NPP did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells, regardless of the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Additionally, the number of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in the positive control group than that in the negative control group that received saline. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the chromosomal abnormality-producing effect of NPP was determined to be negative under these test conditions.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 2004

In the international temperature scale of 1990 (ITS-90), standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) is a defining standard thermometer used in the temperature range from 13.8033 K to $961^{\circ}C$. Uncertainty of SPRT is about several mK and uncertainty of defining fixed points of the ITS-90 which is used for calibrating SPRT is about several tenth of mK. Above $0^{\circ}C$. the defining fixed points are gallium melting point and indium, tin, zinc, aluminium and silver freezing points which are all realized using an electric furnace or a liquid bath. To realize freezing point of tin ($231.928^{\circ}C$) and zinc ($419.527^{\cir}C$), two 3-zone furnaces which have 3 electric heaters were manufactured. Temperature gradient of the constructed furnaces were tested. Uncertainty caused by temperature gradient of furnace and immersion effect of SPRT in the sealed-type freezing point cells were evaluated 0.038 mK for tin freezing point and 0.036 mK for zinc freezing point.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2019

In this paper, we studied efficient modeling strategies when we simulate the 3D time-domain acoustic wave propagation using a cell-based finite difference method which can handle the variations of both P-wave velocity and density. The standard finite difference method assigns physical properties such as velocities of elastic waves and density to grid points; on the other hand, the cell-based finite difference method assigns physical properties to cells between grid points. The cell-based finite difference method uses average physical properties of adjacent cells to calculate the finite difference equation centered at a grid point. This feature increases the computational cost of the cell-based finite difference method compared to the standard finite different method. In this study, we used additional memory to mitigate the computational overburden and thus reduced the calculation time by more than 30 %. Furthermore, we were able to enhance the performance of the modeling on several media with limited density variations by using the cell-based and standard finite difference methods together.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

Severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an often lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The safety of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been validated, but mixed results have been obtained due to heterogeneity of the MSCs. In this phase I study, the safety of bone marrow-derived homogeneous clonal MSCs (cMSCs) isolated by a new subfractionation culturing method was evaluated. cMSCs were produced in a GMP facility and intravenously administered to patients who had refractory GVHD to standard treatment resulting after allogeneic HSCT for hematologic malignancies. After administration of a single dose ($1{\times}10^6cells/kg$), 11 patients were evaluated for cMSC treatment safety and efficacy. During the trial, nine patients had 85 total adverse events and the rate of serious adverse events was 27.3% (3/11 patients). The only one adverse drug reaction related to cMSC administration was grade 2 myalgia in one patient. Treatment response was observed in four patients: one with acute GVHD (partial response) and three with chronic GVHD. The other chronic patients maintained stable disease during the observation period. This study demonstrates single cMSC infusion to have an acceptable safety profile and promising efficacy, suggesting that we can proceed with the next stage of the clinical trial.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the standard extracts of Taraxacum officinale Weber, one of the original plants of Taraxaci Herba, on glutamate-induced oxidative injury in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. The standard EtOH extract of the aerial parts of T. officinale (NNMBS270) showed significant cytoprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, while the roots' extract (NNMBS271) did not show neuroprotective effect. These results suggest that the extract of the aerial parts of T. officinale could be an effective candidate for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.571-574
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• 2010

Surface recombination loss should be reduced for high efficiency of solar cells. To reduce this loss, the BSF (back surface field) is used. The BSF on the back of the p-type wafer forms a p+layer, which prevents the activity of electrons of the p-area for the rear recombination. As a result, the leakage current is reduced and the rear-contact has a good Ohmic contact. Therefore, the open-circuit-voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of solar cells are increased. This paper investigates the formation of the rear contact process by comparing aluminum-paste (Al-paste) with pure aluminum-metal(99.9%). Under the vacuum evaporation process, pure aluminum-metal(99.9%) provides high conductivity and low contact resistance of $4.2\;m{\Omega}cm$, but It is difficult to apply the standard industrial process to it because high vacuum is needed, and it's more expensive than the commercial equipment. On the other hand, using the Al-paste process by screen printing is simple for the formation of metal contact, and it is possible to produce the standard industrial process. However, Al-paste used in screen printing is lower than the conductivity of pure aluminum-metal(99.9) because of its mass glass frit. In this study, contact resistances were measured by a 4-point probe. The contact resistance of pure aluminum-metal was $4.2\;m{\Omega}cm$ and that of Al-paste was $35.69\;m{\Omega}cm$. Then the rear contact was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.56.1-56.10
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• 2021

Background: Fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test is a standard assay for quantifying rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) in serum. However, a safer rabies virus (RABV) should be used in the FAVN assay. There is a need for a new method that is economical and time-saving by eliminating the immunostaining step. Objectives: We aimed to improve the traditional FAVN method by rescuing and characterizing a new recombinant RABV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Methods: A new recombinant RABV expressing GFP designated as ERAGS-GFP was rescued using a reverse genetic system. Immuno-fluorescence assay, peroxidase-linked assay, electron microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed to confirm the recombinant ERAGS-GFP virus as a RABV expressing the GFP gene. The safety of ERAGS-GFP was evaluated in 4-week-old mice. The rabies VNA titers were measured and compared with conventional FAVN and FAVN-GFP tests using VERO cells. Results: The virus propagated in VERO cells was confirmed as RABV expressing GFP. The ERAGS-GFP showed the highest titer (10^8.0 TCID₅₀/mL) in VERO cells at 5 days post-inoculation, and GFP expression persisted until passage 30. The body weight of 4-week-old mice inoculated intracranially with ERAGS-GFP continued to increase and the survival rate was 100%. In 62 dog sera, the FAVN-GFP result was significantly correlated with that of conventional FAVN (r = 0.95). Conclusions: We constructed ERAGS-GFP, which could replace the challenge virus standard-11 strain used in FAVN test.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.39.1-39.15
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• 2020

Background: There are various Helicobacter species colonizing the stomachs of animals. Although Helicobacter species usually cause asymptomatic infection in the hosts, clinical signs can occur due to gastritis associated with Helicobacter in animals. Among them, Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancers. As the standard therapies used to treat H. pylori have proven insufficient, alternative options are needed to prevent and eradicate the diseases associated with this bacterium. Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD), a traditional herbal formula that is popular in East Asia, has been commonly used for arterial or auricular flutter, neurosis, insomnia, and cardiac malfunction-induced disease. Objectives: The present study investigated the antimicrobial effect of CBD on H. pylori-infected human gastric carcinoma AGS cells and model mice. Methods: AGS cells were infected with H. pylori and treated with a variety of concentrations of CBD or antibiotics. Mice were given 3 oral inoculations with H. pylori and then dosed with CBD (100 or 500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks or with standard antibiotics for 1 week. One week after the last treatment, gastric samples were collected and examined by histopathological analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. Results: Our results showed that CBD treatment of AGS cells significantly reduced the H. pylori-induced elevations of interleukin-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In the animal model, CBD treatment inhibited the colonization of H. pylori and the levels of malondialdehyde, inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 in gastric tissues. CBD also decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Conclusions: This study suggests that CBD might be a prospective candidate for treating H. pylori-induced gastric injury.