• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2019

In 2001, about 20 years after the introduction of the standard buoys, the natural environment and maritime traffic flow changes in the waters near Korea and the necessity of improvement of the AtoN (Aids to Navigation) maintenance was suggested. The IALA provides guidelines for maintenance and management of AtoN, and Korea provides guidelines for the management and operation of standard buoys by means of the Enforcement on the AtoN laws. The objective of this study was to investigate the installation status and the repair status of the standard type buoys by sea area in order to improve the management and operation of the steel standard buoys. In addition, a survey was conducted on the improvement of the steel buoy fouling and the improvement of the lifting inspection cycle towards on the AtoN managers and producers of the representative authority by sea area. In the case of LL-26 (M) buoy type, the standard type buoy installation status of Korea in 2017 was 57.1%, and the LL-26 (M) type was 58.9% showing the highest repair rate. According to the results of the survey on buoys fouling, 51.2% were caused by the attachment of shellfish, and 43.2% were caused by bird feces. The results of the survey on the improvement of the regular buoy inspection cycle showed that the measures are to maintain the current inspection period of 2 years regardless of the characteristics of the sea area (water depth, inside and outside port, buoy size, etc.).

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.134-141
• /
• 2001

An experimental method to investigate the dynamic characteristics of buoys in extreme environmental condition is established. Because the buoy model requires a resonable size for accurate experiment, the test condition in model basin that satisfies the similarity law is hardly compatible with capability of test facilities. It is suggested that the linear wave component that is unable to satisfy similarity is separated with others. The model experiment is carried out with mitigated condition for the linear wave components while others including wave drift, current and wind are keeping the similarities. Then, the result can be extrapolated to give the dynamic behavior of buoys n extreme condition because linear wave component is solely responsibly to oscillatory buoy motion and other environmental components are applied as a initial tension. The similarity for current and wind conditions is viewed as equivalence of restoring forces. The validity of proposed method is examined with different types of standard ocean buoys and it indicates that the linearity of measured characteristics is assured with a limitation of resonable distance between test and estimated wave conditions.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.208-215
• /
• 2001

An experimental method to investigate the dynamic charasteristics of buoys in extreme environmental condition is established. Because the buoy model requires a resonable size for accurate experiment, the test condition in model basin that satisfies the similarity law is hardly met with capability of test facilities. It is suggested that the linear wave component that is unable to satisy similarity is separated with others. The model experiment can be carried out with mitigated condition for the linear wave components while others including wave drift, current and wind are keeping the similarities. Then the result is extrapolated to give the dynamic behavior of buoys in extreme condition because linear wave component is soley responsible to oscillatory buoy motion and other environmental components are applied as a initial tension. the similarity for current and wind conditions is viewed as equivalence of restoring forces. the validity of proposed method is examined with different types of standard ocean buoys and it indicates that the linearity of measured characteristics is assured with a limitation of resonable distance between test and estimated wave conditions.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 Asia Navigation Conference
• /
• pp.230-239
• /
• 2006

The depth, width and alignment of fairway that are main port water facilities should be designed considering the various elements including particulars of design ships, weather and sea conditions around fairway and method of ship-handling. However not only the existing Japanese design standard for fairway and also those of other countries do not take into consideration of such kind of elements and no design standard is made by quantitative analysis. In this circumstance the new design standard (Approach Channels, A Guide for Design) depending on classified various elements and quantitative analysis was proposed in 1997 by PIANC and IAPH. But it was proved that calculated values according to this standard were unfounded and had some problems to output the discontinuous value by small difference of calculation condition because the each value fur each element was simply added. And also it is hard to apply this standard to the design of port water facilities in Japan because this [A Guide for Design] is the design standard for long channels in European port. The proposal of more reasonable Japanese standard will be expected by applying the study result of naval architecture and navigation and by the cooperation of ship operators to use fairway, naval architects to built ships and civil engineers to dredge fairway. The concept of a fairway in 'Design standard fur fairway in next generation' is defined as passage for approach channel) and traffic lane designated by light buoys as navigable water for safe navigation. In 'Design standard for fairway in next generation' depth, width and alignment are picked up among many design elements of a fairway. Design method for those elements is shown based on design ships and navigational environments. This standard shows the method of design for each dimension depending on characteristic on design ship and weather and sea condition. On the other hand, in case of existing fairway, it is possible to decide the size of ship and navigation criteria by opposite analysis.

• 한국인쇄학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2002

We designed the illumination optical system to use Fresnel lens which is the most general type of large aperture system. The normal construction of Fresnel lens is a thin molded piece of material, usually some kind of plastic, with one side flat and the other comprising a series of concentric segments each angled in a way to provide for optimum focusing for a pair of conjugate points. The 155 mm Marine Signal Lantern is the approved for use on buoys and a maximum omnidirectional range of 8 nmi, can be obtained with standard 12V equipment, respectively. Finally, Fresnel lens with 155 mm diameter was designed and evaluated. Also, we re-designed groove "out" of Fresnel lens and compared results of groove "in" type with groove "out" type. According to the results, Fresnel lens is obtained best optical results when grooved side faces the longer conjugate.de faces the longer conjugate.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1998

Latent and sensible heat fluxes over the global oceans are estimated using SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and AVHRR MCSST (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature). The heat fluxes are computed from SSM/I wind speeds and surface humidity, the MCSST, and NCEP Reanalysis sea level pressures and 2-m temperatures from 1996 to 1997. The diabatic conditions bulk formula (Kondo, 1975) is used to compute the heat fluxes. To validate, the derived fluxes are compared to the measurements of 3 JMA buoys. The wind speeds and surface humidity derived from SSM/I have accuracies of 1.37m/s and 1.7g/kg, respectively. The heat fluxes were estimated these factors and the standard error of the latent and sensible heat fluxes are 5.53 W/m$^2$ and 3.33 W/m$^2$. The latest El-Nino phenomenon started at the beginning of 1997 and this event was larger than any others. We compare the heat fluxes in 1997 with the fluxes in 1996 and investigate the spatial movement of meteorological factors as well as the heat fluxes associated with El-Nino appearance.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2022

부유식 라이다는 해상풍력단지 조성 시 필수적인 풍황관측의 새로운 패러다임을 제공하는 시스템이다. 시간과 비용을 절약하고 환경에 미치는 영향을 최소화하며 지역사회의 반발까지 줄일 수 있어 업계의 표준으로 떠오르고 있다. 하지만 부표의 동요에 의한 교란요인이 관측자료의 신뢰도에 영향을 미치므로 안정적인 플랫폼의 설계 및 검증이 매우 중요하다. 국내에서는 이 분야의 기술 진출이 늦어짐에 따라 다수의 외국계 장비업체들이 국내시장을 장악하고 있다. 우리나라 서해안은 조수간만의 차가 매우 큰 천해성 환경이기 때문에 강한 해류가 반복적으로 나타나고, 계절별로 다른 강한 에너지의 파도가 형성된다. 본 논문은 이와 같이 복합적인 환경 특성을 지닌 우리나라 해역에서 라이다 운영에 적합한 부표식에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 가장 먼저 적용된 선박형 부표식의 최적화 설계 및 검증 사례를 소개하고, 향후 다양한 플랫폼 개발의 기반이 될 중요한 개념을 도출하고자 한다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.1739-1749
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 해양 위치에 따른 다양한 해양 정보를 관측하기 위하여 기존에 설치된 등부표를 활용한 해양관측 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 해양관측 시스템은 기존 표준형 등부표용 형태로써 등부표에 손쉽게 연결이 가능한 구조로 구성되어 있다. 제안한 해양관측 시스템은 기존 해양에서 관측하고 있는 유의파고, 최대파고, 평균파고, 수온을 측정하며 추가적으로 기압, 기온, 풍향/풍속까지 실시간 측정이 가능하다. 해양관측에서 중요한 파고를 측정하기 위해서는 10분 동안 2200개의 파고 데이터를 수집하며 수집한 자료는 스펙트럼 분석을 통하여 유의파고와 파주기 데이터를 추출한다. 개발된 시스템은 등부표 위에 해양관측 시스템이 부착이 되기 때문에 필터를 사용하여 노이즈를 제거한다. 본 논문에서는 검증된 기존 부이형태의 해양관측 시스템과 개발한 표준형 등부표용 해양관측 시스템의 측정 데이터를 비교 분석한다. 또한 비교 실험을 통하여 개발한 표준형 등부표용 해양관측 시스템이 기존 해양관측 시스템과 데이터가 유사하다는 것을 증명하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 국내 무역항 항로에 배치되는 등부표의 최적 배치에 대한 기준을 설정하기 위한 기초자료로서 항해자들을 대상으로 등부표의 시인거리와 배치에 대한 선호를 분석하였다. 무역항의 각 규모를 감안하여 항만별로 약 $30{\sim}150$부의 설문지를 배포하였고, 총 356부의 유효한 설문지가 분석에 사용되었다. 육안으로 청명한 날씨의 주간에 부표를 인지하는 거리는 $2{\sim}4$마일이 55.0%로 가장 많았다. 부표의 배치방식에서는 양측 부표방식의 선호가 62.1%로써 가장 높았다 또한 부표의 전후사이의 선호 간격은 평균 1.09마일이었다 쌍안경 없이 시인할 수 있는 부표의 기수는 2기가 40.6%로 가장 선호되었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2023

양식장 부표 등과 같은 해상의 소형 장애물을 탐지하고 거리와 방위를 시각화시켜 주는 해상물체탐지시스템은 선체운동으로 인한 오차를 보정하기 위해 3축 짐벌이 장착되어 있지만, 파도 등에 의한 카메라와 해상물체의 상하운동으로 발생하는 거리오차를 보정하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외부환경에 따른 수면의 움직임으로 발생하는 해상물체탐지시스템의 거리오차를 분석하고, 이를 평균필터와 이동평균필터로 보정하고자 한다. 가우시안 표준정규분포를 따르는 난수를 이미지 좌표에 가감하여 불규칙파에 의한 부표의 상승 또는 하강을 재현하였다. 이미지 좌표의 변화에 따른 계산거리, 평균필터와 이동평균필터를 통한 예측거리 그리고 레이저 거리측정기에 의한 실측거리를 비교하였다. phase 1,2에서 불규칙파에 의한 이미지 좌표의 변화로 오차율이 최대 98.5%로 증가하였지만, 이동평균필터를 사용함으로써 오차율은 16.3%로 감소하였다. 오차보정 능력은 평균필터가 더 좋았지만 거리변화에 반응하지 못하는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 해상물체탐지시스템 거리오차 보정을 위해 이동평균필터를 사용함으로써 실시간 거리변화에 반응하고 오차율을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.