• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in most of the tissue matrix, taking part in their regeneration when injury or damage occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cells with pluripotential characteristics in human subchondral bone and the capacity of these cells to differentiate to osteoblast. Methods : Human subchondral bone were digested with collagenase. Isolated cells were cultured with a-MEM, 15% FBS, 10-8M dexamethasone and 50 ng/mL ascoric acid. Cells from 0 day(isolated cells), 7 day (first subculture) and 14 days (third subculture) were used to carry out phenotypic characterization experiments flowcytometry analysis with 11 monoclonal antibodies) and osteogenic differentiation experiments. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was assessment by quantification of bone extracellular matrix components by following analysis: alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stains to detect ALP activity, RT-PCR and western blot to detect osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and type I collagen(Col I), and Alizarin red stains to detect calcium deposition. Results : Flowcytometry analyses showed that in our population more than 98% of cells were positive for MSC markers: SH-2(CD105, 99%), CD29 (95%), CD73 (95%). Cells were negative for hematopoietic markers (CD11b, CD34, and CD45). Furthermore, cells showed positive stain to multipotent markers such as CDl17 (c-kit) (15.1%), and CD166 (74.9%), and cell adhesion molecules such as CD54 (78.1%) and CD106 (63.5%). The osteogenic specific marker analyses showed that the culture of these cells for 7 and 14 days stimulates ALP, OCN, OPN and Col I synthesis by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Also, after 14 days in the culture of MSCs induces mineralization by Arizarin red stain. Conclusion : In this work, we demonstrated a new and efficient method for osteoblastic differentiation of human subchondral bone stem cells. As MSCs takes part in reparative processes of adult tissues, these cells could play an important role in osteogenesis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.763-770
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• 1997

The air abrasive technique is a non-mechanical method by which teeth are treated before restoration and stains and calculi are removed from tooth surfaces using the kinetic energy of small particles. The air abrasive technique in dentistry was first introduced in the 1950's with as instrument called 'Airdent'. But, as the main restorative materials of the period were amalgam and gold, and the instrument's inability to control the flow of particles caused the particles to be spread throughout the clinics, widespread use was not possible. In the 1990's, as these techincal problems were solved and more interest in new restorative materials rose in an effort to preserve sound tooth structure, new developements took place in instruments related to the air abrasive technique. The air abrasive technique produces less pressure, vibration and heat that might cause patient discomfort and facilitates the preservation of sound tooth structure. It also reduces the need for anesthesia and is less harmful to the pulp. Other advantages include increase in dentin bonding strength of composite resin, lower possibility of saliva contamination and maintenance of a dry field. But there is not direct contact between the nozzle and the tooth, the operator cannot use his or her tactile sense and must rely solely upon visual input. Other disadvantages are: the tooth preparation depends on the operator's ability; alpha-alumina particles, after bouncing off the tooth surface, cause damage to dental mirrors; the equipment is expensive and takes up a certain amount of space in the clinic. The author conducted case report using the air abrasive technique on patient visiting the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Seoul National University Dental Hospital and arrived at the following conclusions. 1. The tooth preparation capability of different air abrasive devices varied widely among manufacturers. 2. It was more effective in treating early caries lesions and stains compared to lesions where caries had already progressed to produce soft dentin. 3. The cold stream and noise caused by the evacuation system was a major cause of discomfort to pediatric patients. 4. As there is no direct contact with tooth surface when using the air abrasive technique for tooth preparation, considerable experience and skill is required for proper tooth preparation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.322-329
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• 2015

The effects of water extracts of Gallus gallus var. domesticus (Yeonsan ogolgye, GD) on the activities of osteoblast differentiation and the restraint of osteoclast formation were investigated. The water extract of GD in the human osteoblast "MG-63" cell, was examined in relation to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red stains. In order to observe the effects of osteoclasts formation, we analyzed RAW 264.7 cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP stains. The ALP activity of the water extract of hen and cock flesh (3 years) were 133.8% and 129.6%, respectively. The ALP activity of flesh extracts was also higher than that of the skin extracts. Concerning the effects of age, the 3 years old flesh extracts had a higher activity than that of the one year old extracts. However the activity of the 3 years old skin extracts was lower than that of the one year old extracts. For gender conditions, the ALP activity of the hen extract was higher than that of the cock. The degree bone mineralization in the three years old hen flesh exhibited the highest rate, at 124.3%, amongst all the groups. The TRAP activity of the flesh extracts of the three years old cock revealed the lowest rate, at 31.8%, compared to the control. Our results demonstrate that the water extract of GD increases bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation activity in MG-63 cells and enhances the inhibitory activity of bone-resorption in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, the water extracts of GD seem to be effective in the prevention and treatment of bone related disorders.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2000

Staphylococcus aureus is a causative pathogen of bovine mastitis. It is recognized as a common pathogen in human and animal and specially enterotoxin-producing strain of S aureus is a common cause of staphylococcal food poisoning in human. Various food originated raw milk, cheese, butter produced from mastitic cow causes staphylococcal food poisoning. It is difficult to treat the staphylococcal mastitis because of increasing resistance by using overdose of antibiotics. This study was conducted to investigate the enterotoxin-production and coagulase serotypes of S aureus in Chonnam province for 6 month, 1999. Also we studied the antibiotic resistant pattern with 14 types against isolates. 18(10.1%) S aureus were isolated from 178 raw milk samples in seven farms. and 8 strains(38%) were isolated in 21 raw milk samples which was below 500,000 somatic cells. We identify that 7(87.5%) of 8 isolates and 15(83.3%) 18 isolates produce enterotoxin. Their enterotoxin serotype was type B(66.7%), type A(33.3%) and type C(13.3%). Also 2 strains of isolates was positive to the type A and B. Coagulase serotype of isolates was 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8. Most stains(70.6%) were serotype 2. And most strains(17 isolates, 94.4%) except one isolate was multiple resistant to the tested antibiotics.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.284-286
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• 2002

The inverted retina of the Onchidium dorsal eye (DE) is composed only of ciliary-type photoreceptor cells (CC's). The outer segment (OS) of the CC is a concentric lamellar structure consisting of many modified ciliary membranes and stains positively with anti-$\beta$-tubulin antibody. Near the base of the OS there are about 30 basal bodies each connecting individually to a cilium. The cilia are rod-shaped at the base, progressing upwards to a flattened sheet-like shape with increasing surface area. Three-dimensional analysis on serial sections demonstrates the ladle-shape of a modified cilium. Many modified cilia wrap around each other like the leaves of a cabbage. Nine pairs of microtubules (MT's) are located regularly in a ring at the base of the cilium, gradually losing their regular arrangement towards the periphery, where they separate into two subgroups that are contained within two swollen portions of a modified cilium. Within the CC of the Onchidium DE, MT's in the modified cilium exist as two poles extending longitudinally in a thin expanded ciliary membrane. This arrangement may support the photoreceptive OS and serve to maintain its structural integrity.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1996

In order to design industrial scale reactors and proceises for multi-phase biocatalytic reactions, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which such systems operate. To il-lustrate how such mechanisms can be modeled, the hydrolysis of the primary ester groups of triglycerides to produce fatty acids and monoglycerides by lipased (glycerol-ester hydrolase) catalysis has been selected as an example of multiphase biocatalysis. Lipase is specific in its behavior such that it can act only on the hydrolyzed (or emulsified) part of the substrate. This follows because the active center of the enzyme is catalytically active only when the substrate contacts it in its hydrolyzed form. In other words, lipase acts only when it can shuttleback and forth between the emulsion phase and the water phase, presumably within an interphase or boundary layer between these two phases. In industrial applications lipase is employed as a fat splitting enzyme to remove fat stains from fabrics, in making cheese, to flavor milk products, and to degrade fats in waste products. Effective use of lipase in these processes requires a fundamental understanding of its kinetic behavior and interactions with substrates under various environmental conditions. Therefore, this study focuses on modeling and simulating the enzymatic activity of the lipase as a step towards the basic understanding of multi-phase biocatalysis processes.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

This research is to conservate the old hat and restore its shape and place it on a supportive form in a stable protective container. The hat is a homemade construction, utilizing three different machine made laces, and two cotton net fabrics. The exterior, particularly the top crown piece, as well as the lace along the brim's edge has been generally soiled and discolored. Inside the crown, the cotton net has broken threads, and thread loss in several areas. The paper covering the two wires is very weak, and has discolored the lace in the areas of contact. The plastic buckles of the velvet ribbon have also discolored the areas where there is contact. The wash/bleach bath procedure was very effective. Virtually all of the light brown surface discoloration stains were removed. The darker brown spots, particularly concentrated around the two paper covered wires and assumed to be rust, were $90\%$ removed by the treatment. The brown spots apparently were due to the degradation of the paper covering, and not caused by the wire itself. The buckram foundation lost about $50\%$ of its stiffness, but this was not a major concern due to the fact that this hat should remain it its mount, which has been designed to serve for both storage and exhibition purposes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2004

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous fungus found worldwide, particularly in soil contaminated by pigeon drop- pings. Pulmonary cryptococcosis occurs rarely in immunocompetent individuals. The risk of cryptococcal infection increases with the degree of immunal compromise, in human immunodeficiency virus infection especially. Pulmonary cryptococcosis is most frequently encountered as asymptomatic single or multiple pulmonary nodules found by routine chest x-ray examination. The diagnosis is most often made in these situations by the histology of the resected lesion. Acute progressive pneumonia may occur, with symptoms of cough, sputum production, fever, and weakness. The clinical picture is not pathognomonic. The yeasts are stained well by any of the special stains for fungi. Treatment is now indicated for all cases given a diagnosis of cryptococcosis, even if the diagnosis has been made by resecton of a solitary, asymptomatic pulmonary nodule.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.644-646
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• 2007

This report deals with a 9-year-old neutered male Yorkshire terrier that had been suffered from vomiting, bloody diarrhea, anorexia. On exploratory laparotomy, pale-pink $10{\times}6cm$ duodenal mass was found and submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Histologically, the duodenal mass consisted of compact sheet of poorly demarcated, highly infiltrative neoplasm. The neoplastic cells were round to polygonal and contained scant to moderate amounts of granular basophilic cytoplasm and eccentrically located irregularly round nuclei with stippled chromatins. The neoplastic cells were positive to lamda light chain immunohistochemically but were uniformly negative for toluidine blue stain and giemsa stains. Based on these results, this case was diagnosed as primary extramedullary plasma cell tumor of duodenum.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 1998

Tooth bleaching was being done more than 100 years ago, but the standard for vital tooth bleaching for the last quarter century has been the use of hydrogen peroxide with heat or with a combination of heat and light. The major disadvantages of this process are high cost, unpredictability of results, and patient discomfort. In March, 1989, the dental world was introduced to a new vital tooth bleaching process by Haywood and Heymann in their article "Nightguard vital bleaching(NGVB)." Interestingly enough, this simple technique could have been developed years ago if we had known about the chemical effects of carbamide peroxide on tooth structure. NGVB has created a resurgence in the area of bleaching, primarily because of its relative ease of application, the safety of the materials used, low cost, and the high percentage of successful treatments. This article was to explain simply about all around NGVB(etiology of stains, bleaching chemicals and mechanisms, bleaching effectiveness, side effect, documentation, indications, treatment therapy, laboratory procedure, case reports)