• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2017

남한강에는 4대강 사업으로 바닥 준설과 함께 3개의 보가 건설되었으며 이들의 영향으로 흐름 특성에 많은 변화가 발생하였다. 따라서 사업 이전 환경에 대해 개발된 수위-유량 관계식은 보의 배수위 영향과 준설로 변화된 단면 형상으로 인해 더 이상 사용할 수 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 보의 운영을 고려한 수위-유량 관계식을 개발하는 방법에 대해 제시하고 이를 남한강에 적용하여 강천보와 여주보 사이에 위치한 여주관측소 지점에 대해 개도별 수위-유량 관계식을 개발하였다. 수위, 유량 등의 흐름 특성은 보의 운영을 고려할 수 있는 부정류 계산모형에 의해 모의되었다. 2000년도에 발생한 홍수사상 중에서 규모가 다양한 10개 홍수사상을 선정하고 입력 자료를 구성하였으며, 이 중 5개는 관계식을 도출하는데, 나머지 5개는 검증하는데 사용하였다. 수위, 유량, 보의 개도 등은 매 시간 모의되었으며, 모의된 수위-유량 페어는 보의 개도에 따라 분류되었다. 이는 배수위 등의 영향으로 인해 수위와 유량이 고유한 관계를 갖지 못한다는 것을 의미하며 보의 개도를 고려해야만 정확한 관계식을 도출할 수 있다는 것을 뜻한다.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate agreement, content and demand for home nursing care of hospital inpatients in brain, spain and musculoskeletal diseases. The data was collected by interviewing with 242 patients who were hospitalized in university hospital on Taegu, from September 6,60 October 9, 1993. Of 242 patients, 66.1% agreed to home nursing care system and rate of agreement was highest between 30 years to 49 years of age as 40.4% in general characteristics. The rate of agreement according to type of diagnosis was highest inpatients with spinal diseases as 75.6% according to functional status was the highest in patients who had daily living activity freely as 69.4% according to prognosis in patients at terminal stage as 80.0% and the rate of agreement to home nursing care of patients who wanted early discharge was 73.9% The first-ranking reasons of agreement to home nursing care was asking for continuous relationship with doctor as 37.3% and there was statistically significant difference in reasons of agreement to home nursing care according to functional status of patients. The first-ranking reason of early discharge among patients who wanted early discharge(74.8%) was because of long time stay in hospital. Among 23 items of nursing activity that patient wanted, the first-ranking item was recovery promotion, prevention of complication, education and counseling for health as 76.4%, drug management was 2nd-ranking item as 62.1% and the third was regular checking of vital signs as 55.9%, The lowest item of demand for home nursing care was hospice care(3.9%) and airway keep(9.1%).

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2016

The underflow type movable weirs were arranged in a multi-stage way at a section of the Chiseong River, a tributary of Geum River, where flooding is observed frequently. The flood control and the movable weir management levels were compared with the occasions of installing the existing weir for analysis. The peak discharge decreased by a maximum of 97% for the underflow type movable weir, and the downstream flood elevation decreased by a maximum of 82%. The amount of storage also increased by a maximum of 463% by the distribution and storage functions of the multi-stage arrangement of the underflow type movable weirs. It is possible to suggest that the management level of each movable weir for the target storage of the reach and the flood reduction level through the relationship among this storage, downstream peak flood elevation, and peak flow.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue and quality of life as well as to determine the relationship between those variables and identify the influencing factors on fatigue and quality of life in stomach cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Method: Subjects were 94 stomach cancer patients undergoing postoperational chemotherapy in a general hospital in Seoul. Nausea and vomiting were measured with Rhodes et al(1984) and anorexia with one 5-point item. Fatigue was measured using Lee's tool(1999) except open questions. The tool for quality of life was modified based on the Quality of Life Index by Padilla et al(1983). Result: Subjects reported low level of fatigue(mean=3.86, range=0-10) compared with the results of previous researches and moderate quality of life(mean=2.64, range=1-4). Fatigue was positively correlated with nausea, vomiting and anorexia(r=.21 ~ .55, p<.05). Quality of life was negatively correlated with nausea, vomiting, anorexia(r= -.24 ~ -.45, p<.05) and fatigue (r=-.61, p<.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that activity level, vomiting before admission, anorexia during chemotherapy and age explained 52.8% of the variance in fatigue. Fatigue, anorexia before admission, age and sex explained 50.5% of the variance in quality of life. Fatigue and quality of life were not influenced by the stage of disease, nor weight change. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of how much the side effects of anticancer drugs can affect fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Also it is the remarkable fact that symptoms remaining after discharge such as vomiting or anorexia continued until re-admission, contributing to patients fatigue and lowered their quality of life.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2015

It is well known that emergency outlet works have to be provided for the safety of dams. However, concept of emergency outlet works did not applied for the design of the most dams in Korea. Korean design standard for low-level outlet works does not provide enough design criteria which could be used in design of emergency outlet works. In this research, as-built status and hydraulic design criteria of outlet works, such as drawdown rate or hydraulic pressure due to the impounded water depth, were examined. Another relationship between drawdown rate and the dam slope stability was also examined with SEEP model. It was found that 25% reduction of impounded water depth decreases the pressure forces about 50%. Therefore, outlet works should be designed to drawdown properly at the beginning of the emergency. Seepage analysis of dam bodies showed that most of Korean dams could safely stand for 1m/day drawdown rate. Higher drawdown rate could result high discharge so the drawdown rate must be related with the flood risk of downstream. Finally, multi-stage design was recommended that faster discharge for the initial 25% of water depth in 7-10 days than the rest of it in 1-2 months.

• Water for future
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 1982

In the past, the design flow of the urban storm drainage systems has been used largely on a basis of empirical and experience, and the rational formula one of empirical method has been widely used for our country, as well as world wide. But the empirical method has insufficient factor because minimal consideration is given to the relationship of the parameters in the equation to the processes being considered, and considerable use of experience and judgment in setting values to the coefficients in the equation is made. The postcomputer era of hydrology has brought an acceleration development of mathematical methods, thus mathematical models are methods which will greatly increase our understanding in hydrology. On this study, a simple mathematical model of urban presented by British Road Research Laboratory is tested on urban watersheds in Ju An Ju Gong Apartment. The basin is located in Kan Seog Dong, Inchon. The model produces a runoff hydrograph by applying rain all to only the directly connected impervious area of the basin. To apply this model the basin is divided into contributing areas or subbasins. With this information the time area for contributing is derived. The rainfall hyetograph to design storm for the basin flow has been obtained by determination of total rainfall and the temporal distribution of that rainfall determined on the basis of Huff's method form historical rainfall data of the basin. The inflows from several subbaisns are successively routed down the network of reaches from the upstream end to the outlet. A simple storage routing technique is used which involves the use of the Manning equation to compute the stage discharge curve for the cross-section in question. To apply the model to a basin, the pattern of impervious areas must be known in detail, as well as the slopes and sizes of all surface and subsurface drains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.177-186
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• 2015

The main objective of this study was to assess the applicability of IoT (Internet of Things)-based flood management under climate change by developing intelligent water level monitoring platform based on IoT. In this study, Arduino Uno was selected as the development board, which is an open-source electronic platform. Arduino Uno was designed to connect the ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, and data logger shield for implementing IoT. Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) was selected as the Arduino software and used to develop the intelligent algorithm to measure and calibrate the real-time water level automatically. The intelligent water level monitoring platform consists of water level measurement, temperature calibration, data calibration, stage-discharge relationship, and data logger algorithms. Water level measurement and temperature calibration algorithm corrected the bias inherent in the ultrasonic sensor. Data calibration algorithm analyzed and corrected the outliers during the measurement process. The verification of the intelligent water level measurement algorithm was performed by comparing water levels using the tape and ultrasonic sensor, which was generated by measuring water levels at regular intervals up to the maximum level. The statistics of the slope of the regression line and $R^2$ were 1.00 and 0.99, respectively which were considered acceptable. The error was 0.0575 cm. The verification of data calibration algorithm was performed by analyzing water levels containing all error codes in a time series graph. The intelligent platform developed in this study may contribute to the public IoT service, which is applicable to intelligent flood management under climate change.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1875-1879
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. A very important factor in the timely treatment and prevention of progression is high breast cancer awareness. Rural women are at risk of latte stage breast cancer due to poor education and lack of access to medical facilities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted on 266 women (out of 300) aged over 18 in rural areas of Zabol, Southeastern Iran during July 2015 to October 2015. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that measured participant knowledge of breast cancer in four aspects (general awareness, risk factors, mammography, and symptoms). SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 266 participants, age information was available for 261. The age range was between 19 and 62, with a mean of $27{\pm}2.1years$. Most participants (154, 57.9%) had an average overall awareness of breast cancer. In the general awareness dimension, most participants (130, 48.9%) had poor scores. Most (166, 62.4%) also had average awareness about risk factors and many (137, 51.5%) had good awareness about mammography. Most participants did not know that changes in breast shape (232, 88.2%), dimpling of breast skin (192, 72.3%) and nipple discharge (183, 69.6%) are the main symptoms of breast cancer. ANOVA statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between awareness level and participant education and occupation (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated average awareness of participants about breast cancer. Since rural women have lower levels of education, it is recommended that educational courses with contents about breast cancer, its risk factors, and symptoms be held for these women.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 1989

In this study, an implicit one-dimensional model, DWRM(Dynamic Wave Routing Model) was developed by using the four-point weighted difference method. By applying the developed model to the Keum River, the parameters were calibrated and the model applicability was tested through the comparison between observed and computed water levels. In addition, the effects of the construction of an estuary dam to the flood wave were estimated as a result of the model application. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The roughness coefficients were evaluated by comparison between observed and computed water level at Jindu, Gyuam and Ganggyeung station in 1985. The Root Mean Squares for water level differences between observed and computed values were 0.10, 0.11, 0. 29m and the differences of peak flood levels were 0.07, 0.02, 0. 07m at each station. Since the evaluated roughness coefficients were within the range of 0.029-0.041 showing the realistic value for the general condition of rivers, it can be concluded that the calibration has been completed. 2. By the application of model using the calibrated roughness coefficients, the R. M. S. for water level differences were 0.16, 0.24, 0. 24m and the differences of peak flood level were 0.17, 0.13,0.08 m at each station. The arrival time of peak flood at each station and the stage-discharge relationship at Gongju station agreed well with the observed values. Therefore, it was concluded that the model could be applied to the Keum River. 3. The model was applied under conditions before and after the construction of the estuary dam. The 50-year frequency flood which had 7, 800m$^3$/sec of peak flood was used as the upstream condition, and the spring tide and the neap tide were used as the downstream condition. As the results of the application, no change of the peak flood level was showed in the upper reaches of 19.2km upstream from the estuary dam. For areas near 9.6km upstream from the estuary dam, the change of the peak flood level under the condition before and after the construction was 0. 2m. However considering the assumptions for the boundary conditions of downstream, the change of peak flood level would be decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.342-342
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• 2012

이론적으로 하천의 흐름은 시간과 위치에 따라 수위와 유량의 관계가 일대일로 대응한다는 가정을 두지만, 실제 하천은 여러 가지 통제요인에 의해 다양하게 변화한다. 특히 하천 상 하류 일부구간에서 인공적인 골재채취나 준설작업과 같은 하도공사가 이루어진다면 하천의 흐름은 일시적인 수위변화가 아닌 단면의 변화 나아가 수위에 따른 유량의 증가 및 감소를 일으키게 된다. 또한 모래하상이나 식생의 영향을 받는 하천의 경우에도 빈번한 단면 및 유속의 변화를 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2007년부터 2011년까지 유량조사사업단에서 측정이 이루어진 4개 수계 577개 지점을 대상지점으로 선정하고, 이들 중 2개년 이상 측정이 이루어져 단면변화 및 지점의 수리특성 여부를 비교할 수 있는 한강 55개, 낙동강 49개, 금강 43개, 영산강 55개 지점의 수위-유량관계 변화여부를 검토하였다. 본 연구는 경년변화 없이 일정한 수위-유량관계를 보이거나 보와 같은 단면 통제에 의해 단순한 기간분리가 발생되는 지점, 4대강 공사가 진행 중인 지점, 미미한 단면변화에 의해 저수위의 수위-유량관계가 변화된 지점들은 분석 대상에서 제외하고, 중수위 이상에서 수위와 유량의 관계가 변화하는 지점들을 찾아 그 원인을 파악하고 사례를 분석하는데 중점을 두었다. 검토 결과 중수위 이상에서 수위-유량관계가 변화되는 요인으로 크게 상류와 하류에서 하천준설을 실시하여 수위에 따른 에너지선의 증가 및 감소를 일으킨 경우와, 제방공사에 의해 고수위가 변화가 발생되었거나 그 해에 배수영향을 받았는지 여부 또는 하도에 자생하는 식생의 영향 그리고 모래 및 자갈하천에서 발생되는 큰 단면변화 등으로 나타났다.