• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2003

Various disasters have been continuously occurred in Korea from 1990s to now. However, there is no substantial improvement against damages as compared with the past due to various reasons such as lack of fundamental recognition, ineffective response systems and widespread insensitivity to safety. More worse, new types of disasters have been frequently generated due to rapid changes in social structures and industrial development, unusual changes in weather and changes of international situations. These disasters request comprehensive countermeasures. In particular, while material damages by disasters can be recovered, the losses of precious lives cannot be recuperated in any ways. Thus, it is critical to set effective disaster medical plans. The first way to minimize damages by disasters is the prevention and the next is to set the disaster medical plans focusing on preliminarily activating the emergency medical system to rapidly rescue and take appropriate emergency medical services for casualties in the early stage when any disaster occurs. Nevertheless, no sufficient researches or references do not exist up to now. Even worse, effective emergency medical systems that play critical roles in increasing survival rates of casualties in actual disaster areas is not deployed. For the United States, the consistent countermeasure system is established in FEMA through a close cooperative system with relevant organizations for serious accidents including terrorists' attacks or natural disasters. For the emergency medical services in disasters, the disaster medical plan is set to cope with any disasters in perfect order by special area as operating the National Disaster Medical SystemESF#8 Role by FEMA. Accordingly, we need to set the extensive and integrated disaster prevention system for rapid and flexible operation against various kinds of serious accidents. This study identified overall problems in disaster control plans in Korea and suggested how to improve the emergency medical service system in disaster areas. Furthermore, it aims to prepare the basic data to set the effective emergency medical service plans when substantial casualties break out and more reasonable and systematic disaster control plans to cope with the future occurrence of serious disasters.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2018

In this paper, we designed and implemented a code conversion method between ISO/IEC 10646 and the multi-byte code set. The Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set(UCS) provides codes for more than 65,000 characters, huge increase over ASCII's code capacity of 128 characters. It is applicable to the representation, transmission, interchange, processing, storage, input and presentation of the written form of the language throughout the world. Therefore, it is so important to guide on code conversion methods to their customers during customer systems are migrated to the environment which the UCS code system is used and/or the current code systems, i.e., ASCII PC code and EBCDIC host code, are used with the UCS together. Code conversion utility including the mapping table between the UCS and IBM new host code is shown for the purpose of the explanation of code conversion algorithm and its implementation in the system. The programs are successfully executed in the real system environments and so can be delivered to the customer during its migration stage from the UCS to the current IBM code system and vice versa.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.382-386
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• 2004

Recently, with the machine learning trend, most of the machine translation systems on over the world use two syntax tree sets of two relevant languages to learn syntactic tree transfer rules. However, for the English-Vietnamese language pair, this approach is impossible because until now we have not had a Vietnamese syntactic tree set which is correspondent to English one. Building of a very large correspondent Vietnamese syntactic tree set (thousands of trees) requires so much work and take the investment of specialists in linguistics. To take advantage from our available English-Vietnamese Corpus (EVC) which was tagged in word alignment, we choose the SITG (Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammar) model to construct English- Vietnamese syntactic tree sets automatically. This model is used to parse two languages at the same time and then carry out the syntactic tree transfer. This English-Vietnamese bilingual syntactic tree set is the basic training data to carry out transferring automatically from English syntactic trees to Vietnamese ones by machine learning models. We tested the syntax analysis by comparing over 10,000 sentences in the amount of 500,000 sentences of our English-Vietnamese bilingual corpus and first stage got encouraging result $(analyzed\;about\;80\%)[5].$ We have made use the TBL algorithm (Transformation Based Learning) to carry out automatic transformations from English syntactic trees to Vietnamese ones based on that parallel syntactic tree transfer set[6].

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.427-441
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• 2021

Purpose: This study proposes a method for developing a model that predicts the probability of traffic accidents in advance to prevent the most frequent traffic accidents in the military. Method: For this purpose, CRISP-DM (Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) was applied in this study. The CRISP-DM process consists of 6 stages, and each stage is not unidirectional like the Waterfall Model, but improves the level of completeness through feedback between stages. Results: As a result of modeling the same data set as the previously constructed accident investigation data for the entire group, when the classification criterion was 0.5, Significant results were derived from the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and AUC of the model for predicting traffic accidents. Conclusion: In the process of designing the prediction model, it was confirmed that it was difficult to obtain a meaningful prediction value due to the lack of data. The methodology for designing a predictive model using the data set was proposed by reorganizing and expanding a data set capable of rational inference to solve the data shortage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.453-458
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• 2002

High temperature sterilization method (30min. at $40^{\circ}C$longrightarrow30 min. at $70^{\circ}C$longrightarrow30 min. cooling at $20^{\circ}C$) was evaluated better than that of chloride, ion water, $O_3$ water, and salt water for the controling of micro-organisms at the early stage of sprout culture. Due to the improved germination rate and effective control of micro-organisms at early stage, the method resulted in much lower in the number of micro-organisms, higher in sprout yield, and 2 days longer in quality keeping at market than sprouts prepared by conventional method. There are two methods related with water temperature; constant temperature method (18.5$\pm$ $0.5^{\circ}C$) which keeps the same water temperature during the culture and 3-stage temperature method which changes the water temperature depending on the days after culture. Three-stage temperature method set the temperature at 21$\pm$ $1^{\circ}C$) in the second and third days after the initial acceleration of germination (about 4 hours), at 18.5$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$ in the fourth and fifth days, and at 17.0$\pm$ $0.5^{\circ}C$) in the sixth and seventh days. Three-stage temperature method could enhance the resistance power to diseases at the early growth stage, control the growth to standard goods (8-9cm in length and 2.15-2.30mm in width), and keep good body color at the middle or final stage. This method also increased the sprout yield by 6% compared with the conventional method, constant temperature method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.164-176
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was done to identify the factors of decisional balance for smoking cessation among middle aged men in Korea. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when middle aged men decide to stop smoking. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for smoking cessation to which the middle aged men belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influenced the stages of change for smoking cessation in middle aged men. Methods : A convenience sample of 169 men who had smoked and were smoking, were between age 30 and 60 and lived in Seoul(mean age=44), were selected from the community. The data was collected from December 10, 1999 to February 28, 2000. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985). and Stage of Change Measure(DiClemente et al., 1991). The data were analyzed using the SAS Program. Results : 1. According to stage of change measure, the 169 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for smoking cessation: in the pre-contemplation stage 63 subjects(32.7%), contemplation stage 60 subjects (35.5%), preparation stage 17 subjects(10.1%), and maintenance stage 29 subjects(17.2%). 2. Factor analysis identified 4 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for smoking cessation of middle aged men. There were named by the researchers; 1)'Perceived Burden to Self', 2)'Perceived Benefit to Others' 3)'Perceived Approval to Others', and 4)'Perceived Disapproval to Self'. 3. Analysis of variance showed that the three components, 1)'Perceived Burden to Self(F=8.50, P=.0001)', 2)'Perceived Benefit to Others(F=3.19, P=.025)' and 3)'Perceived DisApproval to Self(F=2.87, P=.038)were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'Perceived Burden to self' was the most influential variable in discriminating the four stages of change(pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion : The results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behavior. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for smoking cessation intervention for the middle aged men.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.287-311
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• 2018

This research identifies an educational ideal, purpose of goal intrinsic to Hindu ashrama and provide a concrete list of appropriate educational contents and methods in accordance with them. The ideal is moksa a pursuit of spiritual liberation. The goal is to be consciously aware of and practice the Dharma at each of the four stages of life, as preserved in ashrama, by completing the educational contents and methods in each stage. In the fist stage, the student stage, the goal is to learn social laws, recognize his vocation and responsibilities through studying Veda, and engage in apprenticeship with the teacher. In the second stage, the householder stage, the goal is to get married, take care of his family, and produce the kinds of service the society requires of him. In order to do so, he is expected to learn in his ordinary life the manners for family members and the ways of ancestral rituals. In the third stage, the self-disciplined stage, the goal is to retire from social responsibilities, behave in accordance with norms and rules, and set oneself free from material desire. In order to do so, he is expected to complete the eight stage of yoga and practice asceticism. In the four stage, the nirvana stage, the goal is to completely free from obsession and reaches the spiritual liberation. In order to do so, one is expected to participate in meditation and pilgrimage to the Holy Land until he reaches the final point.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1981

The observed radial UBV colour variations (both B-V and U-B) of some globular clusters are examined for correlations with radial variations in the integrated spectra. The results show that the presence of a radial colour gradient is correlated with the presence of a gradient of the CN (and possibly the G-band) line strength, in the sense that the CN (and possibly the G-band) is stronger in the centre (where the cluster is redder) and becomes weaker in the outer region of the cluster (where the cluster is bluer). This may suggest that a primordial abundance, possibly nitrogen and carbon gradient was set up in the early stage of cluster formation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 1984

오늘날 교통계획분야에서 개별적, 행태론적 선택모형의 사용이 급격히 일반화 되어 가고 있는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이는 종래의 집합적 모형에 비하여, 구조적으로 경제학에서 말하는 이성적 선택행위를 보다 잘 설명하고 있어, 선택행위의 인과관계를 나타낸다고 보여 지기 때문이다. 그러나 이들 모형이 주어진 선택범위내에서의 선택만을 다루고 있어, 선택범 위를 결정하는데 임의성이 내재되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 선택대상이 많은 경우에는 곤란하다 는 것이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 선택행위에 관한 경제학적, 심리학적 이 론에 근거하여 비교적 실용적인 선택범위결정과정을 개발하여 기존의 개별적, 행태론적 모 형과 복합적으로 활용할수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.179-193
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• 1995

A multi-objective, single-stage scheduling problem with stochastic processing times is considered where the objective is to simultaneously minimize the expected value and the variance of total flowtime, and the mean probability of tardiness. In cases where processing times follow normal distributions, a method using pairwise interchange of two jobs(PITJ) is proposed to generate a set of the approximate efficient schedules. The efficient schedules are not dominated by the criterion vectors of any other permutation schdules in the feasible region. Numerical experiments performed to ascertain the effectiveness of PITJ algorithm are also reported in the results.