• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2019

Simon's two-stage designs are frequently used in phase II single-arm trials for efficacy studies. A concern of safety studies is too many patients who experience an adverse event. We show that Simon's two-stage designs for efficacy studies can be similarly used to design a two-stage safety study by modifying some of the design parameters. Given the type I and II error rates and the proportion of adverse events experienced in the first stage cohort, we prescribe a procedure whether to terminate the trial or proceed with a stage 2 trial by recruiting additional patients. We study the relationship between a two-stage design with a safety endpoint and an efficacy endpoint as well as use simulation studies to ascertain their properties. We provide a real-life application and a free R package gen2stage to facilitate direct use of two-stage designs in a safety study.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.535-540
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• 2010

In this study, 342 grade 4-6 elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do were recruited to determine their readiness to change food safety behavior and to compare their food safety knowledge and practices by the stages of change. The subjects were divided into three stages of change; the percentage of stage 1 (precontemplation) was 10.1%, the percentage of stage 2 (contemplation and preparation) was 62.4%, and that of stage 3 (action and maintenance) was 27.5%. Food safety knowledge scores in stage 3 (4.55) or stage 2 (4.50) children were significantly higher than those in stage 1 children (4.17) (P < 0.05). The two food safety behavior items "hand washing practice" and "avoidance of harmful food" were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05). Stages of change were significantly and positively correlated with food safety knowledge and practice. Age was significantly and negatively correlated with the total food safety behavior score (r = -0.142, P < 0.05). The most influential factor on the stage of change was a mother's instruction about food safety (P < 0.01).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest that performers in the performing arts actively utilize the loading dock and stage door when evacuating from the stage space of a performance hall in a crisis situation. Therefore, first, we analyzed the system related to the performance hall's safety. The stage evacuation type was classified into A, B, C, and D forms by applying the building law audience evacuation standards. Second, statistical data were organized based on measurement data, and the characteristics of each form were summarized. Third, the network reliability measurement method was borrowed to evaluate the evacuation safety of the evacuation route in the stage space. We confirmed quantitatively that the direction of the loading dock direction and stage door direction on the stage is advantageous for evacuation. In this study, it was possible to distinguish the advantage of evacuation according to the type of evacuation, (A(0.1274)>B(0.1228).>.C(0.0487)) with A being the most advantageous. These results can be expected to improve the evacuation safety of the stage, and furthermore, they are expected to be used as basic data for stage evacuation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 2020

The duty of construction clients in WSH (Workplace Safety and Health) system was included in the amendment of Occupational Safety and Health Act (enforced on 16 January 2020), which was estimated the shift of paradigm in the prevention of construction accidents. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the analysis results of construction clients' role in the construction project, which were performed by authors over the recent years in order to impose the duty on construction clients, and to suggest their role according the plan, design, and construction stage. Utilizing the systematic literature review process based on Meta analysis, the related papers were selected. For the selected papers, related domestic and foreign regulations, and other prominent report, the construction clients' role was analyzed by reflecting the experts' advice. Results show that the construction clients should control the designer and contractor for implementing the WHS system during the whole process of the construction project. They should supply sufficient source and time to ensure the workers' safety. In the plan stage, the key role of construction clients is to identify intensively controlled hazard and risk reduction plan and to transfer the results. In the design stage, their key role is to select the designer with the capacity in WSH and to assist the designer for the safety design. The main key role of construction clients in the costruction stage is to select the contractor with specialty in WSH including a contract reflecting the WSH requirement and to check implementation of WSH plan, WSH cost, WSH education, and accident report. In addition, it is thought that the construction clients' participations in the site WSH activity and adjustment of safety and health problem among contractors can be effect in the prevention of construction accidents.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.239-245
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• 2008

In this study has investigated and considered product planning methods at the existing product design process and being used the safety evaluation methods at the product planning stage, and has deduced the 16 safety evaluation elements to have to be considered for executing the safety evaluation at the product planning stage. When the safety evaluation is executed from the product planning stage, more safe products will be designed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

The safety accidents of domestic construction happened more than other industries is performed only under the construction stage. In the foreign countries, however, owners and designers play an important role on safety in an early stage. Therefore, numerous studies were carried out by getting rid of accident risks and institutionalizing prevention activities in an construction stages. Accordingly, this study have performed to deduce the pivotal point of safety management items classified by the subject suitable for construction by introducing of safety conception of domestic and international design and suggested the improvement methods of safety management plans of the planning design stage so as to perform more efficient safety management.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

Background: Incentive and penalty (I/P) programs are commonly used to increase employees' safety outcomes, but its influence on employees' safety outcomes is under-investigated. Moreover, under developed economies lack safety culture and there is dearth of literature focusing on empirical studies over there [1]. Based on these gaps, this study attempts to see the impact of I/P programs on safety outcomes in a developing country. Methods: The study was carried out in three stages, where Stage I revealed that selected 45 organizations were deficit of safety culture and practices, while only three firms were found good at safety practices. At Stage II, these three firms were divided in two clusters (groups), and were probed further at Stage III. At this stage group, one was manipulated by providing incentives (experimental group) and employees' responses in terms of safety motivation and performance were noticed. Results: It was observed that the experimental group's safety motivation and performance had improved (both for immediate and 1-month later performance). The results were further probed at Phase 3 (after 3 months), where it was found that the benefits of I/P programs were not long lasting and started replenishing. Conclusion: Findings of the study helped researchers conclude that safety incentives have only short-term influence on safety outcomes, while a long-term and permanent solution should be found.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

Using a progressive die of the multi-stage drawing product, It was experiments for the Influence of the Products Roundness on the die pad process Safety die model, obstacle countermeasure research safety die design When the die pad is independent structure, Sidewall thickness of the inside 2stage, 3stage, 4stage of the product is thicker, the thickness of the inside 1stage and the bottom is thinner. it was become unstable beacuse the inside 1stage related to the Products Roundness is thinner. When the die pad is Integrated structure, Sidewall thickness of the inside 1stage, 2stage of the product is thicker, and Sidewall 3stage and 4stage was a thin. it was become unstable beacuse the inside 3stage related to the Products Roundness is thinner. Therefore, The appropriate combination of and integrated independent is required for each process.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

When planning buildings, safety should be considered as a priority over any other performance. The study aims to derive and systematize elements that can be reflected in the design stage, which affects the safety of construction workers and building users. The elements for safety of workers are classified by type of work, and the elements for safety of users are classified by fields. Elements that are difficult to be reflected in design stage or those whose effects are insignificant are excluded. In addition, application scenarios have been proposed for each element so that the elements created in this study can be directly applied and utilized in practice. This will contribute to lowering the accident rate of construction projects by evaluating the harmful risks of construction projects at the design stage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

In this work, a numerical investigation is performed for the combustion chamber of domestic gas boiler with 1-stage and 2-stage heat exchangers. The fluid flow and heat transfer performance is simulated with a structure change of heat exchanger. The numerical solution shows that the heat transfer of the 2-stage heat exchanger is about 24% higher than that of the 1-stage heat exchanger, while the pressure loss of the 2-stage heat exchanger increases. The temperature of combustion chamber with 2-stage heat exchanger is lower than that of 1-stage. This effect reduces thermal NOx with decrease of high temperature staying time of the combustion gas.