• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2009

목적: 위암은 한국에서 제일 흔한 암으로 저자들은 단일 술자에 의해 위절제술을 시행받은 환자들을 대상으로 임상병리학적 특성 및 5년 생존율과 이에 따른 예후인자를 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 9월부터 2003년 8월까지 만 5년간 위암으로 진단되어 인제대학교 서울백병원 한국위암센터에서 위절제술을 시행한 위암환자 1,435예의 환자를 대상으로 성별 및 연령, 종양의 위치 및 크기, 육안적 분류 및 조직학적 분류, 위벽 침윤도, 림프절 전이, 혈관, 신경초, 림프관 침윤 및 수술 방법 등의 인자들을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 남녀 비는 2.29 : 1이었고 평균 연령은 56.7세였으며 UICC TNM Stage IA 35.4%, Stage IB 14.1%, Stage II 12.6%, Stage IIIA 12.3%, Stage IIIB 8.3%, Stage IV 17.3%였고 전체 5년 생존율은 69.6%였다. 단변량 분석 결과 연령, 종양의 위치, 종양의 크기, Borrmann type, 분화도, Lauren 분류, 위벽 침윤도, 림프절 전이, UICC TNM 변기, 신경초 침윤, 혈관 침윤, 림프관 침윤, 수술방법에 따라 생존율에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 다변량 분석결과 위벽 침윤도, 림프절 전이만0| 독립적인 예후인자였다. 결론: 다양한 임상병리학적 특성들이 위암환자의 예후에 영향을 주지만 이들 인자들 중 결국 위벽 침윤도와 림프절 전이, 즉 병기가 예후에 가장 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 위암환자 생존을 향상을 위해서 조기 검진을 통한 위암의 조기 발견과 예후 영향인자에 대한 다각적인 치료 방법이 연구, 개발되어야 하겠다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.531-543
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• 2007

배 경 : 위암은 세계적으로 암으로 인한 사망의 가장 많은 원인 중 하나이다. 위암 환자들은 진단시 자주 원격전이를 나타내고, 아직까지 수술이나 전이와 재발을 막기 위한 화학요법 후의 표준화된 요법은 없다. 목 적 : 연구 목적은 ‘수레바퀴 암치료법(WBT)’으로 치료받은 환자들에 있어서의 전체생존율과 무병생존율을 WBT 단독 혹은 기존 통상요법과 병용치료한 환자들을 비교하고 두 그룹의 생존율에 있어 유의성이 있는지를 관찰하는 것이다. 세팅과 디자인 : 대전대학교 둔산한방병원 동서암센터; 후향적 연구. 자료와 방법 : WBT를 시행하기 2개월 이전까지 수술이나 화학요법을 받은(혹은 어떠한 통상치료도 받지 않은) III기(40명)와 IV기(22명)의 62명의 위암 환자들을 후향적으로 분석했다. 환자들은 전이와 재발을 방지하는 PSM 캡슐, OnePlus 시럽, 항암단과 같이 한약을 포함한 WBT 계획을 따랐다. 전체생존율과 무병생존율을 분석했으며 환자들은 III기와 IV기 각각 89.55주와 49.27주(평균치) 동안 치료를 받았다. 통계분석 : 전체생존율과 무병생존율은 Kaplan-Meier법으로 측정하고 WBT 단독 및 병행 치료는 log rank test로 비교했다. 결 과 : III기에서 3년 전체생존율은 78.5%이고, 무병생존율은 78.3%였다. 40명 중 13명의 환자(32.5%)에게 전이와 재발이 있었다. IV기에서 2년 전체생존율은 18.2%이고, 무병생존율은 또한 18.2%였다. 22명 중 19명(86.4%)에게서 전이와 재발이 있었다. WBT 단독 및 병행치료법 중 병행치료의 효과가 높게 나타났지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다(전체생존율 p=0.5093, 무병사망율 p=0.5175 ). 결 론 : WBT는 위암 환자들에게 생존기간을 늘이고 전이를 방지하는 만족할 만한 결과를 산출했다. WBT의 주된 치료법은 한약(항암단, PSM 캡슐, OnePlus 시럽)으로 구성되어 있으며 향후에는 무작위의 전향적인 연구가 이 치료법만을 이용해서 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2001

Purpose: The aim of the study was to obtain data on the anatomic and histologic distributions, the clinical features, and the treatment results for patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty-two patients who were treated at 8 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals between January 1991 and December 2000 were enrolled to evaluate clinico-pathologic features. Results: The lower one-third of the stomach was the most frequent site ($42\%$), and the most frequent chief complaint was epigastric pain ($54\%$). Gastric resection was performed in 114 cases. Pathologic findings of preoperative endoscopic biopsy specimens from the 114 patients that underwent surgery were a gastric lymphoma in 94 cases ($82\%$), a carcinoma in 15 cases ($13\%$), an ulcer in 4 cases ($4\%$), and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 1 case ($1\%$). The stage distributions by Musshoff's criteria were 71 cases ($54\%$) of stage IE, 36 cases ($27\%$) of stage $II_{1}E$, 8 cases ($6\%$) of stage $II_{2}E$, 2 cases ($2\%$) of stage IIIE, and 15 cases ($11\%$) of stage IVE. Histologic gradings by the Working Formulation in were 31 cases ($23\%$) of low grade, 96 cases ($73\%$) of intermediate grade, and 5 cases ($4\%$) of high grade. Chemotherapy-related complications occurred in 25 cases ($22\%$) while operation-related complications occurred in 6 cases ($5\%$). Seventeen patients ($13\%$) only underwent surgery, 19 ($14\%$) had chemotherapy (CTx) and/or radiotherapy (RTx) only, and 96 patients ($73\%$) received surgery and CTx and/or RTx. No substantial differences in survival were found in relation to the different histologic grades and different treatments. The five-year survival was $85\%$ in stage I or II and $47\%$ in stage III or IV (P=0.0000). Conclusion: Pathologic stage appears to be the single most important prognostic indicator. Survival differences according to treatment modalities were not statistically significant. However, the low number of patients treated with various approaches over a long period precludes a firm conclusion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7401-7405
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• 2014

Background: Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is accepted as standard treatment for stage IB-IV, M0 gastric cancer. Radiotherapy (RT) planning of gastric cancer is important because of the low radiation tolerance of surrounding critical organs. The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric aspects of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) treatment plans, with the twin aims of evaluating the adequacy of 2D planning fields on coverage of planning target volume (PTV) and 3D conformal plans for both covering PTV and reducing the normal tissue doses. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with stage II-IV gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy using 3DRT. For each patient, a second 2D treatment plan was generated. The two techniques were compared for target volume coverage and dose to normal tissues using dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis. Results: 3DRT provides more adequate coverage of the target volume. Comparative DVHs for the left kidney and spinal cord demonstrate lower radiation doses with the 3D technique. Conclusions: 3DRT produced better dose distributions and reduced radiation doses to left kidney and spinal cord compared to the 2D technique. For this reason it can be predicted that 3DRT will result in better tumor control and less normal tissue complications.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2014

Purpose: Palliative gastrectomy and chemotherapy are important options for peritoneal seeding of gastric cancer. The treatment stage IV gastric cancer patient who respond to induction chemotherapy, is converted to gastrectomy (conversion therapy or conversion surgery). This study explored the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding who had undergone conversion therapy. Materials and Methods: Between 2003 and 2012, gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding, as determined by preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with peritoneal seeding were analyzed. Results: Forty-three patients were enrolled. Eighteen patients had undergone conversion surgery and 25 patients continued conventional chemotherapy. Among the 18 conversion patients, 10 received clinically curative resection. The median follow-up period was 28.5 months (range 8 to 60 months) and the total 3-year survival rate was 16.3%. The median survival time of the patients who received clinically curative conversion therapy was 37 months, and the 3-year survival rate was 50%. The median follow-up for non-curative gastrectomy patients was 18 months. No patient treated using chemotherapy survived to 3 years; the median survival time was 8 months. The differences in survival time between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: In terms of survival benefits for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding, clinically curative conversion therapy resulted in better clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of stage shift according to screening of stomach cancer. Methods : Total 840 cases of stomach cancer patients, undergone a surgical operation at Department of Surgery, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1995, were reviewed by stomach cancer working sheet, and classified as asymptomatic and symptomatic group based on the presence of subjective symptoms on their hospital visit. Their histopathologic stages were analysed. We compared the histopathologic stages of asymptomatic stomach cancer patients with those of symptomatic patients. Results : From the total of 840 patients, asymptomatic patients group comprised 28 cases (3.3%). Proportion of asymptomatic patients tended to increase from 1.9% in 1990, 0.9% in 1991 to 8.6% in 1995. Proportions of asymptomatic patients by stages were 78.6% (stage I), 3.6% (stage III), 17.9% (stage IV) and that of symptomatic patients by stages were 38.2% (stage I), 16.5% (stage II), 24.8% (stage III), 19.1% (stage IV). In less than 40 years old, 50.5% of symptomatic patients were diagnosed as stage I. With increment of ages, proportions of stage I were makedly decreased. It was significantly different between proportion of early gastric cancer in asymptomatic patients (60.1%) and that in symptomatic patients (25.0%). Conclusions : We confirmed stage shift according to screening of stomach cancer. And proportion of early gastric cancer in asymptomatic patients was higher than that in symptomatic patients. This results suggest that screening of gastric cancer be important to reduce mortality and if be indirectly started from 40 years old.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5055-5060
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• 2013

Objective: Twist, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays a key role in the metastatic progression of human cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is an endopeptidase that digests basement membrane type IV collagen, therefore being possibly related to tumor progression. It has been reported that Twist and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are expressed in gastric cancers. However, the exact roles of Twist and MMP-9 in tumor metastasis and prognosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to casts light on this question. Methods:Twist and MMP-9 expression in tissue sections of 37 gastric carcinomas was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The staining results were compared with clinicopatholgic features and to patients' outcome. Results: Twist positive expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer cases with lymph node metastasis (P=0.023). But no correlations were found between MMP-9 overexpression and clinicopathologic features, such as recurrence, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Overall survival (OS) was significantly correlated with recurrence, serosa invasion, TNM stages, distant metastasis, and MMP-9 (P=0.027, 0.021, 0.000, 0.024 and 0.036, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was prominently related to recurrence location, serosa invasion and TNM stages (P=0.000, 0.038 and 0.003, respectively). In the Cox regression multivariate analysis, TNM stage, distant metastasis and MMP-9 were significantly associated with prognosis of gastric cancer (P=0.002, 0.019, and 0.032, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed Twist positive expression to be significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. MMP-9 overexpression is associated with OS, suggesting that MMP-9 is a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2003

Purpose: The prognosis for Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer is dismal although therapies for gastric cancer have been developed. We investigated the outcomes for Borrmann type 4 gastric cancers compared to those for other types of cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 2000, 777 patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery, Korea University Hospital. The clinicopathologic features of 138 patients with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas of the stomach were retrospectively reviewed from the database of gastric cancer. The results were compared with those of 639 patients with other types of gastric carcinomas. Results: Patients with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas tended to be younger and to have larger tumors. The location, the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were significantly different between the two groups. Patients with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas had a more advanced stage than patients with other types of carcinomas. The analysis of the treatment factors revealed that total gastrectomies were more frequent in the group with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas and that the curative resection rate of patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinomas was lower than that of patients with other types of gastric carcinomas (P<0.001). The 5-year survival rate for Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer was $19.4\%$ and that for other types was $52.9\%$ (P=0.001). In curative cases, the 5-year survival rates were $32.8 \%$ for patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinomas and $63.4\%$ for other types of carcinomas (P=0.001). Conclusion: Borrmann type IV gastric cancer has more advanced features and a poorer prognosis than other types of gastric cancer. Improving the prognosis for patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer requires early detection and a curative resection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2695-2697
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• 2016

Background: Gastric cancer, the fifth most common malignancy in the world, usually affects older individuals but can occur in younger age groups. In this study we compared the clinicopathological profile of young patients of gastric cancer with that of older patients. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of gastric cancer patients treated over three year period (January 2012 to December 2014). Data of patients were obtained from the medical record. Clinical and pathological characters of younger patients (age 40 years or less) were compared with older patients (age more than 40 years). Results: There were total of 152 patients treated during the study period. Twenty patients (13.2%) were less than 40 years of age and 132 (86.8%) were older. The male to female ratio in younger patients was 1:1.5 whereas in older patients it was 1:0.6. In the younger age group 14 patients (70%) had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in contrast to 45% in the older age group (p<0.01). Some 55% of younger and 42% of older patients had stage IV disease at presentation and curative surgery was not possible. Palliative surgery for gastric outlet obstruction or bleeding from the tumor was performed on 25% and 21% respectively. Conclusions: Gastric cancer in young people aged less than 40 years has unique characters like female predominance, unfavorable tumor biology, and advanced stage at presentation. There should be a high index of suspicion of gastric cancer even in young patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether surgical resection of the primary tumor contributes to survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 288 patients with metastatic gastric cancer from the Akdeniz University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, and the Meram University of Konya database were retrospectively analyzed. The effect of primary tumor resection on survival of patients with metastatic gastric cancer was investigated using the log-rank test. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results: The median overall survival was 12.0 months (95% confidence intewrval [CI], 10.4~13.6 months) and 7.8 months (95% CI, 5.5~10.0 months) for patients with and without primary tumor resection, respectively (P<0.001). The median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 7.1~9.5 months) and 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.8~6.7 months) for patients with and without primary tumor resection, respectively (P=0.002). Conclusions: Non-curative gastrectomy in patients with metastatic gastric cancer might increase their survival rate regardless of the occurrence of life-threatening tumor-related complications.