• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2010

This study was conducted to improve commercial quality of a cut spray chrysanthemum 'Ilweol' bred in Korea by foliar application of daminozide, suppressing excessive elongation of peduncle caused by high temperature in summer season production. Applications were made at three floral bud developmental stage (I, II, and III), and concentrations used were 0, 500, 1000, and $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Cut flower length and peduncle length showed the greatest repression of elongation through daminozide treatments at stage III and stage II, respectively. Daminozide also gradually reduced values of those in a concentration-dependant manner. Flower diameter increased compared to control as daminozide was sprayed at later stage but decreased in daminozide concentration-dependant manner. Angle of flower cluster on apical part of whole plant showed the best results when sprayed with $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at stage III. Among all combinations, $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage II recorded the highest angle of flower cluster and showed 31.3% increment as compared to control. The number of fully expanded flowers showed the highest values using $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage III than the other treatments and total floral buds also showed the highest values using $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage I than the other treatments. In cut spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Ilweol' bred in Korea, foliar-applying with $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at stage III most effectively suppressed excessive peduncle elongation, angle of flower cluster, and increased the number of flowers in summer. However, this combination affected negatively the other commercial qualities, reducing cut flower length and flower diameter. Therefore, we recommended that foliar application stage and daminozide concentration was stage III and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, in a practical culture and cut flower quality for 'Ilweol'.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4693-4697
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• 2016

Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate prognostic factors affecting survival of patients undergoing concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCL). Methods and materials: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 148 patients with advanced, inoperable stage III NSCLC, who were treated between 2007 and 2015. Results: The median survival was found to be 19 months and 3-year overall survival was 27%. Age (<65 vs ${\geq}65years$, p=0.026), stage (IIIA vs IIIB, p=0.033), dose of radiotherapy (RT) (<60 vs ${\geq}60Gy$, p=0.024) and treatment method (sequential chemotherapy+RT vs concurrent CRT, p=0.023) were found to be factors affecting survival in univariate analyses. Gender, histological subtype, weight loss during CRT, performance status, induction/consolidation chemotherapy and presence of comorbidities did not affect survival (p>0.050). Conclusion: Young age, stage IIIA, radiotherapy dose and concurrent chemoradiotherapy may positively affect survival in stage III NSCL cases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to find out oropharyngeal movement of the class III malocclusion patients during swallowing by using the cinefluoroscopic method. The experimental group was composed of fifteen male adults with class III malocclusion whose mean age was 24.4 yrs. The control group was composed of fifteen male adults with normal occlusion whose mean age was 24.8 yrs. The results were as follows: 1. The horizontal position of the tongue tip was more anterior in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group through all stages. 2. The tongue level was lower in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1, stage 3, and stage 4. 3. The horizontal position of the hyoid bone was more anterior in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1 only. 4. The tip of the soft palate was lower in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1 only, and there was no significant difference in the velar movement between the class III malocclusion group and the normal group during swallowing. 5. There was a significant difference in the interincisal distance, but no significant difference in the intermolar distance between the class III malocclusion group and the normal group through all stages. 6. Among 4 stages of each group, there was a significant difference in the movements of the dorsum of the tongue, the hyoid bone, and the soft palates And there was a significant difference in the movement .of the tongue tip of the normal group, but no significant difference in the movement of the tongue tip of the class III malocclusion group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.226-235
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate short-term and long-term skeletodental outcomes of Class III activator treatment. Methods: A Class III activator treatment group (AG) comprised of 22 patients (9 boys, 13 girls) was compared with a Class III control group (CG) comprised of 17 patients (6 boys, 11 girls). The total treatment period was divided into three stages; the initial stage (T1), the post-activator treatment or post-mandibular growth peak stage (T2), and the long-term follow-up stage (T3). Cephalometric changes were evaluated statistically via the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Friedman test. Results: The AG exhibited significant increases in the SNA angle, ANB angle, Wits appraisal, A point-N perpendicular, Convexity of A point, and proclination of the maxillary incisors, from T1 to T2. In the long-term follow-up (T1-T3), the AG exhibited significantly greater increases in the ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Convexity of A point than the CG. Conclusions: Favorable skeletal outcomes induced during the Class III activator treatment period were generally maintained until the long-term follow-up period of the post-mandibular growth peak stage.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

Purpose: There have been some controversies over the therapeutic principles of advanced gastric cancer, and the results of treatment have been variable, especially for stage III disease. This study was conducted to define the prognostic factors of stage III gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was based on the medical records of 179 patients with stage III disease who received a gastrectomy from January 1990 to December 1994. The 5-year survival rate was analyzed according to the age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, Borrmann's type, depth of invasion, lymph-node metastasis, ratio of metastatic lymph nodes, type of surgical resection, extent of lymphnode dissection, curability of resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and pathological stage. The statistical analysis was done by using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The overall 5-year survival rate was $61.6\%$ the 5-year survival rates according to subgroup were $69.7\%$ for stage IIIa ($100\%$ for $T_{2}N_{2}$, $70.0\%$ for $T_{3}N_{1}$, $68.6\%$ for $T_{4}N_{0}$), and $54.1\%$ for stage IIIb ($T_{3}N_{2}$) (P<0.05). Among various clinicopathologic factors of stage III gastric cancer, the age of the patient, the tumor location, the gross type of tumor, the type of gastric resection, the extent of lymph-node dissection, the curability of resection, and the subgroups of stage III were statistically significant in the univariate survival analysis. The multivariate analysis defined the curability of resection, the extent of lymph-node dissection, the type of operation, the stage of disease, and the age of the patient as independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: A curative surgical resection and an extended lymph-node dissection are thought to be most important for improving the survival rate in stage III gastric cancer patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.274-286
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of preoperative low body mass index (BMI) on both the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 510 patients with gastric cancer were divided into the following 3 groups: low BMI group (${\leq}18.5kg/m^2$, n=51), normal BMI group ($18.6-24.9kg/m^2$, n=308), and high BMI group (${\geq}25.0kg/m^2$, n=151). Results: There were significantly more stage III/IV patients in the low BMI group than in the other groups (P=0.001). Severe postoperative complications were more frequent (P=0.010) and the survival was worse (P<0.001) in the low BMI group. The subgroup analysis indicated that survival was worse in the low BMI group of the stage I/II subgroup (P=0.008). The severe postoperative complication rate was higher in the low BMI group of the stage III/IV subgroup (P=0.001), although the recurrence rate and survival did not differ in the stage III/IV subgroup among all the BMI groups. Low BMI was an independent poor prognostic factor in the stage I/II subgroup (disease-free survival: hazard ratio [HR], 13.521; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.186-154.197; P=0.036 and overall survival: HR, 5.130; 95% CI, 1.644-16.010; P=0.005), whereas low BMI was an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications in the stage III/IV subgroup (HR, 17.158; 95% CI, 1.383-212.940; P=0.027). Conclusions: Preoperative low BMI in patients with gastric cancer adversely affects survival among those with stage I/II disease and increases the severe postoperative complication rate among those with stage III/IV disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8101-8105
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• 2014

Background: Although mucinous adenocarcinoma has been recognized for a long time, whether it is associated with a poorer prognosis in colorectal cancer patients is still controversial. Many studies put emphasis on mucinous adenocarcinoma containing mucin component ${\geq}50%$. Only a few studies have analyzed cases with a mucin component <50%. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the prognostic value of different mucin component proportions in patients with stage III rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 136 patients with the stage III rectal cancer were collected. Every variable was analyzed by univariate analysis, then multivariate analysis and survival analysis were further performed. Results: Univariate analysis showed pathologic T stage, lymphovascular invasion, and histological subtype were statistically significant for DFS. Pathologic T stage was significant for OS. Histological subtype and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis for DFS, and histological subtype was the only independent prognostic factor for OS. Survival curves showed the survival time of mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC) was shorter than non-MUC (adenocarcinomas with a mucin component <50% and without mucin component). Conclusions: Histological subtype (tumor with different mucin component) was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS. Patients with MUC had a worse prognosis than their non-MUC counterparts with stage III rectal carcinoma.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.331-342
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• 1985

The Dongbo tungsten-molybdenum deposits are fissure-filling veins emplaced in granites of late Cretaceous age. Integrated field, mineralogic and fluid inclusion studies were undertaken to illuminate the characters and origin of the ore deposits. Mineral paragenesis is complicated by repeated fracturing, but four distinct depositional stages can be recognized; (I) tungsten-molybdenum minerals-quartz-chlorite stage, (II) iron-oxide and sulfides-quartz stage, (III) iron -oxide-base metal sulfides-sulfosalts-quartz-carbonates stage, (IV) barren rhodochrosite-zeolite stage. Fluid inclusion studies were carried out for stage I quartz and stage III quartz, sphalerite and calcite. Fluid inclusion studies reveals highly systematic trends of homogenization temperature and salinity throughout the mineralization. Ore fluids during stage I were complex, NaCl rich brine and salinity reached values as high as 34.4 weight percent equivalent NaCl, but the later ore fluids were more dilute and reached to 9.7 weight percent equivalent NaCl during stage III. Intermittent boiling of ore fluid during stage I is indicated by the fluid inclusions in stage I quartz. Depositional temperatures and pressures during stage I range from $520^{\circ}C$ to $265^{\circ}C$and from 600 to 400 bars. Homogenization temperatures of the stage III quartz, sphalerite and calcite range from $305^{\circ}C$ to $190^{\circ}C$. Fluid inclusion data from the Dongbo mine are nearly similar to those from other hydrothermal tungsten deposits in the Kyeongsang basin. Depositional temperature and salinity of ore fluids during precipitation of tungsten-molybdenum minerals in Dongbo mine were much higher, but $CO_2$ contents were much lower than those from hydrothermal tungsten-molybdenum deposits of late Cretaceous plutonic association in central parts of Korean peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-50
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• 1968

Two methods for separation of the impurities from bismuth metal have been found by the use of Dowex $1{\times}4,$ anion exchange resins. The first method is that Dowex $1{\times}4$ resins are packed into the two stage columns (height of under stage is 22cm and upper stage is 3cm, and diameter of columns are 1.5cm), and the impurities of Pb(II), Ag(I) and Cu(II) are separated by the eluent of 7.5M HCl soln, Zn(II), Fe(III) by 0.5M HCl solns, and Te(IV) in the upper stage by 2M NaOH soln. Remained Au(III) in the upper stage is determined by the ignition with resins. The 2nd method is that for the separation of all the impurities simultaneously the same resins are packed into single stage column(height is 10cm and diameter is 1.5cm), and all the impurities of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Ag(I) are eluted by the eluent of 0.5M HCl soln. Separated impurities are determined by the colorimetry.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of treatment on stage III stomach cancer data obtained from the SEER program of the National Cancer Institute and to identify the significant risk factors for the survival rates of stage III stomach cancer. Since the proportional hazards assumption was violated for treatment, we used the restricted mean survival time as an alternative to the proportional hazards model. The restricted mean survival time was estimated using pseudo-observations, and the effects of treatment were compared using a test statistic based on the estimated restricted mean survival times. We conducted the regression analysis using a generalized linear model to investigate the significant predictors for the restricted mean survival time of patients with stage III stomach cancer. We found that there was a significant difference between the restricted mean survival times of treatment groups. Age at diagnosis, race, substage, grade, tumor size, surgery, and treatment were significant predictors for the restricted mean survival time of patients with stage III stomach cancer. Surgery was the most significant predictor for increasing the restricted mean survival time of patients with stage III stomach cancer.