• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.730-744
• /
• 1987

From Nov. 1980 to Jun. 1987, 270 primary lung cancer patients were operated on at the department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. There Were 223 males & 47 females with 55.5 years of mean age. There were 151 [55.9%] squamous cell ca., 43 [18.8%] adenoca., 8 [3.5%] undiff. large cell, 9 [3.9%] undiff. small cell ca. & 18 [7.9%] mixed type, and also composed of 65 [28.3%] stage I, 31 [13.5%] stage II and 133 [58.1%] of stage III cases. They received 78 [34.1%] lobectomies, 62 [27.1%] pneumonectomies and 60 [26.2%] exploratory thoracotomies with 70% resectability rate. The five year actuarial survival rate of all patients was 37%. According to TNM stage, five year survival rate of the patients in stage I was 71%, those of stage II was 29% and of stage III 21%. According to histological cell type, five year actuarial survival rate of the squamous cell ca. was 35%, of adenoca. 49%, of undiff. large cell. 22%, 2 year survival rate of undiff. small cell was 31% and 3 year survival rate of mixed type was 47%. Hospital death was 2 case with a 1.3% early postop. mortality rate.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.395-405
• /
• 1996

The Donjin deposits which is located in the Chinan Basin, are emplaced along $N10{\sim}40^{\circ}E$ trending fissure sets. So it is a sort of fissure-filling ore deposits. The results of paragenetic studies suggest two stages of hydrothermal mineralization; stage I: base-metal sulfides stage, stage II: late base-metal sulfides, electrum and silver-bearing sulfosalts stage. Au: Ag ratios of the electrums show that Ag atomic% are higher than that of Au. The temperature and salinity of the Donjin deposits estimated from fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope geothermometry are as follows; stage I: $240{\sim}315^{\circ}C$, 2.4~7.1 NaCl eq. wt.%, stage II: $190{\sim}268^{\circ}C$, 4.6~8.4 NaCl eq. wt.%. The estimated oxygen and sulfur fugacity during first stage mineralization, based on phase relation of associated minerals, range from $10^{-35}{\sim}10^{-39.7}$ atm. and$10^{-11}{\sim}10^{-13.4}$ atm., respectively. All these evidences suggest that the Dongjin deposits are polymetallic meso-epithermal ore deposits.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.95-114
• /
• 1991

This paper was designed to estimate the interaction of the first productivity, light conditions and to analyze the ecophysiological productivity, growth characteristics grown under various shading conditions in Zoysia japonica . The results summarized this experiment were as follows; 1.After transplanting the grass, increasing rate of leaf number and total leaf length was remarkahly high at the early growth stage in the control and the 30% shading plot. 2.The increasing rate of leaf area ratio (LA R) in all the experimental plot was remarkable high at the early growth stage after transplanting the grass. Especially, the control and 30% shading plot in compared with another plots, were remarkably high at rate of leaf area. 3.The length and the node number of rhizome in the control and 30% shading plot were also high and the difference was significantly large by the growth stage. 4.Chlorophyll content was very high at 36days after transplanting and then decreased. Increasing rate of shade resulted in its low content. The rate of chlorophyll a to b was decreased by in-creasing rate of shade. 5.The content of soluble sugar in the control and 30% shading plot was low at the early growth after transplanting and high at the late growth stage. Its content in the plot of 70% shading was remarkably low throughout the growth stage. 6.The increasing rate of standing plant in all the experimental plots was high at the early growth stage after transplanting. Increasing rate of shade was typically low through all the growth stage.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 1995

Purpose: Traditionally the patients with early stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck was treated with radiotherapy. But the results were not satisfactory due to distant relapse. Although combined treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy was tried with some improved results and chemotherapy alone was also tried in recent years, the choice of treatment for the patients with early stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck has not been defined Therefore, in order to determine the optimum treatment method, we analysed retrospectively the outcomes of the patients with Ann Arbor stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma localized to the head and neck who were treated at Severance Hospital. Materials and Methods: 159 patients with stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma localized to the head and neck were treated at our hospital from January, 1979 to December, 1992. Of these patients, 114 patients whose primary sites were Waldeyer's ring or nodal region, and received prescribed radiation dose and/or more than 2 cycles of chemotherapy. were selected to analyze the outcomes according to the treatment methods ( radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone. and combined treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy ). Results: Five year overall actuarial survival of the patients whose Primary site was Waldeyer's ring was $62.5\%.$ and that of the Patients whose primary site was nodal region was $53.8\%$ There was no statistically significant difference between survivals of both groups. Initial response rate to radiotherapy. chemotherapy, and combined treatment was $92\%,\;83\%,\;94\%$ respectively, and 5 year relapse free survival was $49.9\%,\;52.4\%,\;58.5\%$ respectively ( statistically not significant ). In the patients with stage I. 3 year relapse free survival of chemotherapy alone group was $75\%$ and superior to other treatment groups. In the Patients with stage II, combined treatment group revealed the best result with $60.1\%$ of 3 year relapse free survival. The effect of sequential schedule of each treatment method in the Patients who were treated by combined modality was analyzed and the sequence of primary chemotherapy + radiotherapy + maintenance chemotherapy showed the best result ( 3 year relapse free survival was $79.1\%).$ There was no significant survival difference between BACOP regimen and CHOP regimen. Response to treatment was only one significant (p(0.005) prognostic factor on univariate analysis and age and mass size was marginally significant ( p(0.1). On multivariate analysis, age (p=0.026) and mass size (p=0.013) were significant prognostic factor for the relapse free survival. Conclusion: In summary, the patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck with stage I and mass size smaller than 10 cm, can be treated by chemotherapy alone, but remainder should be treated by combined treatment method and the best combination schedule was the sequence of initial chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 1996

From march 1989 to October 1993, 57 patients were diagnosed and operated for primary non-small cell lung cancer, and evaluated clinically. 1. There were 45 males and 12 females (M:F=3.8:1), and the peak incidence of age was 6th decade of life (45.6%). In the preoperative diagnostic methods and their positive rate, sputum cytology was 11%, bronchial washing cytology 50%, bronchoscopic biopsy 73%, and CT guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy 83%. 3. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma was 56.1%, adenocarcinoma 22.8%, bronchioloal veolar cell carcinoma 1%, and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma 1.8%. 4. In the operation, pneumonectomy was 35.1%, lobectomy 38.6%, bilobectomy 3.5%, segmentec tony 7%, and exploratory thoracotomy 15.8%, and overall resectability was 84.2%. 5. In postoperative stagings, stage I was 28.1%, st ge II 22.8%, stage IIIa 31.6% and stage IIIb 17.5%. 6. Postoperative complications were developed in 11 cases (19.3%) and operative mortality was none. 7. One year survival rate in rejectable cases was 87.0%, 2 year 61.6% and 5 year 44.9%. According to stage, 3 year survival rate was 75.8% in stage I, 16.9% in stage II, 60.9% in stage IIIa, 50% in stage IIIb.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2007

KSLV-I which is being developed in KARI is composed with two stages, and adaptor ring is used for coupling stage. Cables for interconnecting between stage is exposed on the outside. Also 8 pyro bolts which are installed in adaptor ring are used for separation of stage. In general, cowl is used for protecting exposed parts or structure which are anxious about damage from outer environment. In KSLV-I, two kind of cowls are designed. The one is umbilical cowl, and the other is pyro bolt cowl. Because cowl is exposed on the outside, heat and pressure load developed from air have effect on cowls. Therefore verification of structural strength through static analysis is required. In this study, static analysis in load condition except heat load is accomplished. In result of analysis, structural strength of pyro bolt cowl is verified. But breakage of umbilical cowl is confirmed in pressure load condition. So design of umbilical cowl is modified for satisfying required structural strength. And structural strength of umbilical cowl through analysis is verified.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2008

This paper gives a brief summary of the TVC battery design description, specifications and test results. The TVC battery for KSLV-I upper stage contains 168 Sony l8650VT high power lithium-ion cells. It configured as 2 strings in parallel, with each string containing 84 series connected cells. This allows to meet nominal 270V voltage and capacity requirements specified for the mission of the Thrust Vector Control(TVC) system. The loads profile of the TVC system has short duration, high current pulse. To power such a system with minimal mass, the battery employed l8650VT Cells. This cell is specifically designed for high rate applications and is capable of a 10C continuous discharge.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.1288-1297
• /
• 2016

This study proposes a single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) tube lamp driver with input-current shaping for T8/T10-type fluorescent lamp replacements. The proposed AC-DC LED driver integrates a dual-boost converter with coupled inductors and a half-bridge series-resonant converter with a bridge rectifier into a single-stage power conversion topology. This paper presents the operational principles and design considerations for one T8-type 18 W-rated LED tube lamp with line input voltages ranging from 100 V rms to 120 V rms. Experimental results for the prototype driver show that the highest power factor (PF = 0.988), lowest input current total harmonic distortion (THD = 7.22%), and highest circuit efficiency (η = 92.42%) are obtained at an input voltage of 120 V. Hence, the proposed driver is feasible for use in energy-efficient indoor lighting applications.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.82-93
• /
• 1998

Monthly changes of the gonad follicle index (GFI), reproductive cycle, egg-diameter composition, first sexual maturity of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were studied based on the samples which have been collected from the intertidal zone of Poryong west coast of Korea, from January to December, 1996. C. gigas, is dioecious, while a few individuals are alternatively hermaphroditic. Monthly variation of gonad follicle index (GFI) used for determination of spawning period, coincided with the reproductive cycle. GFI increased from April when seawater temperatures gradually increased and reached the maximum in May. And then, GFI sharply decreased from June to September due to spawning. Reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages: in females, early active stage (March to April), late active stage (April to May), ripe stage (May to August), partially spawned stage (June to September) and spent/inactive stage (September to February); in males, early active stage (February to March), late active stage (April to May), ripe stage (May to September), partially spawned stage (June to September) and spent/ inactive stage (September to February). The diameter of fully mature eggs are approximately 50um. Spawning occurred from June to September, and two spawning peaks were observed in June and August when the seawater temperature was above $20^{\circ}C$. Percentages of the first sexual maturity of males of 20.1-25.0 mm in shell height were over $50\%$, while those of females of 25.1-30.0 mm in shell height were over $50\%$. All the males of > 30.1 mm and all the females of ^gt; 35.1 mm completed their first sexual maturity. The results suggest that C. gigas has a protandry phenomenon. Sex ratios of 919 oysters observed were 453 females $(49.29\%)$, 429 males $(46.68\%)$, 16 hermaphrodites $(1.74\%)$, and 21 indeterminate individuals $(2.29\%)$. In age class I, sex ratio of males were $64.00\%$, thus, a higher percentage than that of females. It was noted that $64.00\%$ of the young males (age class I) were more functional than females in age class I, but 2-3 year-old oysters showed higher percentage of females. Percentages of hemaphrodites in 2-3 year classes were relatively higher than those in other year classes. Histological pattern of hermaphrodites can be divided into two types: Type I (hermaphrodite having a number of newly formed developing oocytes on the oogenic tissues within a degenerating spermatogenic follicle after discharge of numerous spermatozoa) and Type II (hermaphrodite having two separate follicles in the same gonad).

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 2016

The Manjang deposit is emplaced in Hwajeonri formation comprising limestone that is interbeded with slate and phyllite in the central Okcheon Group. It consists of the Main and the Central orebody of Cu-bearing hydrothermal vein deposit and the Western orebody of iron skarn deposit. Based on coexisting mineral assemblage the skarnization can be divided into prograde skarnization (stage I : clinopyroxene ${\pm}$ magnetite ${\pm}$ quartz, stage II : garnet + clinopyroxene ${\pm}$ magnetite ${\pm}$ quartz) and retrograde hydrothermal alteration (stage III: magnetite + amphibole + quartz ${\pm}$ garnet ${\pm}$ clinopyroxene ${\pm}$ chlorite ${\pm}$ epidote ${\pm}$ fluorite ${\pm}$ calcite, stage IV: fluorite ${\pm}$ pyrrhotite ${\pm}$ chalcopyrite ${\pm}$ amphibole ${\pm}$ quartz ${\pm}$ calcite). Diopside is abundant in stage I, and hedenbergite was produced in stage II and III. Garnet compositions change from grandite to andradite, which suggests a redox transition from relatively reduced to oxidized condition during the skarn formation. Magnetite in stage I and II has relatively constant Fe contents, while in the stage III it has increased Si and Ca concentrations. This variation could indicate that magnetite was more strongly affected by host rocks during the retrograde stage. Sulfur isotope compositions of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite produced in stage IV are within the range of + 5.9~6.9 ‰, corresponding to igneous origin, but slightly high sulfur isotope values could be attributed to an interaction with host rocks, limestone.