• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2013

Chumsungdae is an ancient astronomical observatory whose main role was doing 'chunmoon'. It was administrate by a royal advisory agency on state affairs. The observers observed the heaven on the observatory platform, recorded peculiar events, and watched and interpreted the signs displayed in the heaven. Chumsungdae is an stonemasonry which represents almanac principles with its peculiar shapes and the numbers of strata and stones. The numbers were thoroughly invented to match exactly the almanac constants. Chumsungdae is comprised largely of three main parts, namely the square base, the stratified cylindrical body, and the top #-shaped stonework, and the total number of stones is 404. The number of the strata (27) and the height of the cylindrical body (27 尺) stand for the days in a sidereal month (27.3 days), which implies that the motion of the Moon with respect to the stars was given more priority than to the Sun at that time of geocentricism. And the cylindrical body was thoroughly designed to consist of 365 stones, which is of course the number of days in a solar year. In addition, there are 12 strata each under and above the south entrance and this in sum makes the 24 divisions of the year. Also there is 182 stones below the 13th stratum and this represents the number of days in the winter ~ summer solstice period, and the rest 183 stones the vice versa. The #-shaped top stonework was aligned in such a way that one of the diagonals points the direction of sunrise on the winter solstice. The square base also layed with the same manner. The south entrance was built 16 degrees SE, and the upright direction of the right pillar stone coincides with the meridian circle. This was a kind of built-in standard meridian circle facilitating the observations. In a symbolic sense, Chumsungdae was thought as the tunnel reaching the heaven, where the observers wished to be enlightened with the signs and inspirations in need. With the craftsmanship and skill, the builder reinforced the stratified cylindrical body with two sets of #-shaped beam stones, piercing at a right angle at 19th ~ 20th and 25th ~ 26th strata. Likewise, by placing the double #-shaped stonework with 8 beam stones on the platform of the observatory, both the stability of the stonemasonry and a guard rail for the nightly observers were securely provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.106-118
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• 2013

I discussed how the Zen training could be used to previous acting training methods focused on the way draw efficiently subconsciousness in the process of the training of actors. It is believed that the practice of the Zen would contribute to the development of training subconsciousness of actors. I examined the validities of the Zen practices which could be helpful to young students and existing actors' training processes and started from the existing proven analyses of mental and psychological effects of it. It is certain that the practices of Zen is a new continent which has infinite possibilities of analyzing and studying in terms of thinking highly of the Zen and brain science together. If we would utilize the Zen efficiently in the course of training actors, we could achieve four elements: the first, a trigger to operate actors' subconsciousness, the second, establishing the presence of actors through the reinforcement of concentration, the third, overcoming any mental and psychological obstacles, and the fourth, the establishment of transformation skills through the combined use of left and right brains. Additionally, actors could have mental and psychological stability through the Zen practice in their daily lives. I believe that we could also find a unique Eastern actor training way through vigorous and practical following analyses and practices which are based on the Zen tradition for training actors' subconsciousness and unconsciousness.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.898-907
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• 1994

The solvent extraction of an inorganic trace mercury in sea water samples was studied using zinc diethyldithiocabamate $Zn(DDC)_2$ as chelating agent. The $Zn(DDC)_2$ which maintained the stability of DDC- in the acidic aqueous solution in the course of extraction was synthesized from NaDDC and $ZnSO_4$ in this laboratory. The trace of mercury(Ⅱ) was extracted at pH 3.0 from 100 ml of sea water into 10ml of chloroform containing 0.05 M $Zn(DDC)_2$ by shaking for 5 minutes. And from the organic phase, the $Hg(DDC)_2$ was back-extracted into 10ml of 1 to 1 mixed acid of each 3% (v/v) nitric acid and hydrochloric acid by shaking for 25 minutes. The mercury back-extracted was determined by a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trace mercury(Ⅱ) was so successfully extracted that this procedure could be applied to its determination in the sea water. That is, the recoveries of mercury in two kinds of samples into which as given amount of Hg(Ⅱ) was spiked were 90.0% and 93.3%, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

For the security of a vast amount of information, it has been started to diagnose the site as a way of operating and managing the information owned by a company holding assets, to establish indexes to check the actual status and all kinds of standards to obtain security, and also to classify the information assets based on that. This has been extended to many different areas including policies to operate and manage information assets, services, the management of owned devices as physical assets, and also the management of logical assets for application software and platforms. Some of these information assets are already being operated in reality as new technology in new areas, for example, Internet of Things. Of course, a variety of electronic devices like Smart Home are being used in ordinary families, and unlike in the past, these devices generate a series of information life cycles such as accumulating and processing information. Moreover, as even distribution is now being realized, we are facing a task to secure the stability of information assets and also information that assets are holding. The purpose of this study is to suggest and apply standard security policy by moduling methods for information assets owned by companies and even families and obtain the enhancement of confidentiality as well as integrity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2024

The height of large car and truck carriers from the keel to the wheel house is 44 ~ 46 m, and as the car-carriers increases in size, it exhibits the 'top heavy' characteristic, where the upper section is heavier than the lower section. This study aims to estimate the maximum outward heel angle of the Golden Ray car-carrier (G-ship) during turning maneuvers for accident investigation and the prevention of similar accidents. The theoretically calculated maximum outward heel is 7.5° (at 19 kn, rudder angle 35°) with a GM of +3.0 m or higher, and 16.7° with a GM of +1.85 m. Meanwhile the experimentally modified maximum outward heel is 10.5° (at 19 kn, rudder angle 35°) with a GM of +3.0 m or higher, and 23.3° with a GM of +1.85 m. The G-ship is maneuvered during an accident at a speed of 13 kn, at starboard rudder angle of 10° to 20°, it changes course from 038°(T) to 105°(T) based on the instructions of the on-board pilot. At this time, the maximum outward heel is estimated to be between 7.8° and 10.9° at the port side, which is 2.2 times higher than the normal outward heel. In the IS code, cargo ships are required to exhibit a minimum GoM of +0.15 m or more. The maneuvered G-ship exhibits a GoM of +1.72 m. It is not maneuvered because it fails to satisfy the international GoM criteria and because its GoM is insufficient to counteract the heeling moment during the maneuver. This study is performed based on accident-investigation results from the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal and the USCG.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 1993

Nowaday, there have a lot of changes in the demands of the aged persons. Their problems also came to the fore with diverse forms under the influences of industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family. To make the matter worse, the aged population is mounting rapidly. Also, such structure as nuclear family is widely disseminating uncomfortable to the aged. People is mainly being guided by self interest above everything else. Indeed, they had, all together, bad effects on our traditional value system regarding 'respect for the aged and devotion to patients'. It seems unfortunately obvious that the family responsibility is gradually weakening to support the old who is a dependent family. The result is that the aged must have suffered all sorts of hardships in lightenning psychological, physical and economical difficulties. First, to grasp the situations and conditions supporting for single aged persons from each view of psychological, emotional, family-relational, healthy, social and economical standpoints, and second, to analyze their own recognition levels thinking of their health conditions and the relationships between the supporting environments of old family dependants and their psychological healths and then finally, to propose suggestions being able to be helpful for living comfortably in an old age and thereby, building up good family relation. The statistical techniques used to analyze 115 respondents living in Puchun city are frequency, $x^2$ test, t-Jest, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficiency and Regression analysis (SPSS package), pertnent to prove the hypothesis suggested in this paper. Of course, it is needless to say that more data are needed on this point. However, several main research findings can be summarized as follows: First, the better single aged persons may be in the habit of eating a meal and the higher they may think of their physical health conditions and movement, the more they want to participate in economic activities to be free from economical dependence upon their children and to overcome lonliness. Second, single aged women appear to have had higher ability to take care their health for themself than single aged men do. It is why signle aged women do not, in general, have big problems to manage their health. But, as shown in this paper, single aged person"s were more liable to the diseases of the aged and, thereby, requiring special medical treatment badly to be healthy. Third. single aged persons revealed potential desires to free themself from socio economic dependence upon their children even in simple labor Job which can draw a monthly salary of about W200, 000. Fourth, they are generally satisfied with their children's filial piety toward them. Nonethless, most of them appear to be reluctantly dependent upon their children and live lonly lives very much. Fifth, they seem to have some hesitation in expressing their candid opinions as that then are some others along with family environmental factors for psychological and emotiona stability. Accordingly, it is safe to conclude by saying that much attention should' be paid no only to socio-economic supports and better medical services for the aged but also to political supports of the society and towards their children for the aged's emotiona support, for improving the quality of their lives in old age and promoting efficiency in suporting for old family dependants.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-161
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• 2014

The study has try to find out the relationship between airfreight service quality and satisfaction in international forwarding practice which has focused to figure out the mediating role of performance that measured as subjective evaluation on profit. For the purpose of this paper, questionnaire survey has been performed on the relationship among the procedure of the air freight service quality was found to have not only direct influence but also indirect impact through performance on satisfaction. This research made some contribution both academicals and logistic practices. Academically, it is the first research to address the relationship between air freight service quality and profit performance in Korean academic field. Practically, this study provides justification for the investment to improve forwarding service quality. The results of this study bear some implications on international shipping and practice. The quality of the air cargo transportation management system for customer satisfaction and its impact on business performance in the process to make an empirical identifies. The role and influence of the working-level analysis to derive the performance as transportation management, as well as the effectiveness of customer satisfaction for quality and promote a point. Arrange this point take advantage of air cargo companies are composed of service quality management system for the dimension of course aims to foster a competitive advantage in terms of performance. This paper suggest that real-time movement of the consignment route provides information such as verification and business cooperation for the purpose of proper features a reflecting on the stability of cargo air freight management system, that improve the quality of services on this performance to increase the customer satisfaction strategy in connected getting and so on, is in the process of the formation of customer satisfaction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of sensory integrative intervention on postural control and occupational performance (play) of the preschool child with postural disorder. Methods : Subject of this study was a 5 years and 8 month old boy. The subject underwent a sensory integration (SI) treatment which was part of the SI clinic course administered by the Korean Sensory Integration Society, in 2012. The treatment goal and treatment plan had established based on the evaluation results. Treatment was done with 11 sessions, the treatment activities and the adaptive responses of the subject were measured as outcome of the SI treatment. The goal of sessions were measured as Goal Attainment Scale, and re-evaluation was done on December in 2012. Results : During SI treatment, the subject was improved the stability of proximal body parts so that maintained Supine-Flexion Posture more than 20 seconds. He also showed increased attention span continuously about 1 activity on physical play. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it was verified that sensory integrative intervention has positive effective on postural control and occupational performance (play) of the preschooler with postural disorder.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.627-636
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• 1993

Anionic acrylic resin utilizing macromer(TBMA-g-MMA) copolymer was synthesized by preparing (TBMA) macromer using anionic living polymerization, followed by graft copolymerization with MMA macromer. To control the anionic site content in graft copolymer, the relative composition((TBMA) macromer/MMA ratio) of the graft copolymer was controlled at 7/3, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 in weight content. In the course of anionic living polymerization of(TBMA) macromer, broad molecular weight distribution (1.4~1.5) was obtained by using n-butyllithium-diphenyethylene initiatior system at $-78^{\circ}C$. To introduce the double bond at the end of chain in termination step, methacryloyl chloride was reacted after insertion of benzaldehyde as capping material. Moreover, TBMA parts in graft copolymer were hydrolyzed in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst, and neutralization of graft copolymer with triethylamine was granted acrylic resin to anionic site. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of(TBMA) macromer were determined by GPC, and the hydrolysis of TBMA with neutralization of acrylic resin were determined by IR and NMR. From water dispersion and stability point of view, stable dispersion state appeared at low molecular weight(TBMA) macromer with a small TBMA content as a result of scrutiny about the relation to TBMA content and branch length for(TBMA) macromer molecular weight in graft copolymer.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2007

For spacecraft attitude control, reaction wheel (RW) steering laws with more than three wheels for three-axis attitude control can be derived by using a control allocation (CA) approach.1-2 The CA technique deals with a problem of distributing a given control demand to available sets of actuators.3-4 There are many references for CA with applications to aerospace systems. For spacecraft, the control torque command for three body-fixed reference frames can be constructed by a combination of multiple wheels, usually four-wheel pyramid sets. Multi-wheel configurations can be exploited to satisfy a body-axis control torque requirement while satisfying objectives such as minimum control energy.1-2 In general, the reaction wheel steering laws determine required torque command for each wheel in the form of matrix pseudo-inverse. In general, the attitude control command is generated in the form of a feedback control. The spacecraft body angular rate measured by gyros is used to estimate angular displacement also.⁵ Combination of the body angular rate and attitude parameters such as quaternion and MRPs(Modified Rodrigues Parameters) is typically used in synthesizing the control command which should be produced by RWs.¹ The attitude sensor signals are usually corrupted by noise; gyros tend to contain errors such as drift and random noise. The attitude determination system can estimate such errors, and provide best true signals for feedback control.⁶ Even if the attitude determination system, for instance, sophisticated algorithm such as the EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm⁶, can eliminate the errors efficiently, it is quite probable that the control command still contains noise sources. The noise and/or other high frequency components in the control command would cause the wheel speed to change in an undesirable manner. The closed-loop system, governed by the feedback control law, is also directly affected by the noise due to imperfect sensor characteristics. The noise components in the sensor signal should be mitigated so that the control command is isolated from the noise effect. This can be done by adding a filter to the sensor output or preventing rapid change in the control command. Dynamic control allocation(DCA), recently studied by Härkegård, is to distribute the control command in the sense of dynamics⁴: the allocation is made over a certain time interval, not a fixed time instant. The dynamic behavior of the control command is taken into account in the course of distributing the control command. Not only the control command requirement, but also variation of the control command over a sampling interval is included in the performance criterion to be optimized. The result is a control command in the form of a finite difference equation over the given time interval.⁴ It results in a filter dynamics by taking the previous control command into account for the synthesis of current control command. Stability of the proposed dynamic control allocation (CA) approach was proved to ensure the control command is bounded at the steady-state. In this study, we extended the results presented in Ref. 4 by adding a two-step dynamic CA term in deriving the control allocation law. Also, the strict equality constraint, between the virtual and actual control inputs, is relaxed in order to construct control command with a smooth profile. The proposed DCA technique is applied to a spacecraft attitude control problem. The sensor noise and/or irregular signals, which are existent in most of spacecraft attitude sensors, can be handled effectively by the proposed approach.