• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.606-609
• /
• 1997

Technology in fire sprinklers has exploded. There is more private fire sprinkler research now than ever before. New technology in fire sprinklers has tested the existing standard and found that it was wrong in some cases, it has provided new sprinklers that control fire better while reducing the cost of the overall system. This expansion of the types and applications of fire sprinklers has created a great need for education for the Authorities Having Jurisdiction and the Engineer as they must be able to make informed decisions regarding this new technology. Significant research has been done at Factory Mutual Research Corporation and Underwriters Laboratory in the United States. Full scale fire testing is done to prove any new technology did not lower the level of protection of existing fire sprinkler system installations. In each and every case, the existing level of fire protection was the baseline against which the new sprinklers were tested. This level can not be lowered for the test to be considered a success. This is intended to be an overview of the developments in fire sprinklers. Although extensive detail is not included, the overall aspects of these developments can be discussed. The research that will be covered will include the following general subjects: high piled and rack storage sprinkler protection without in-rack sprinklers, extended coverage and quick response sprinklers for ordinary and light hazard occupancies, as well as special sprinklers and their applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2014

Recently, many accidents occur frequently because sprinklers aren't installed or don't work right when there are outbreak of fire in houses and aggregate buildings. Therefore, they can result in damage for humans and loss of property. Sprinklers are the most appropriate which can extinguish buildings' fire in the initial stages. Through lack of legal system, in domestic cases, sprinklers cannot operate their inherent performance. Domestic standard simply classifies installation objects according to types of business and forms of buildings, also divides into uses and floors of buildings. Especially it only regulates that sprinklers must be installed every floors in particular fire buildings that have more than eleven floors. While it doesn't need to install sprinklers below ten floors, so we are threatened the safety. In this study, we derived causes and implications by analyzing concepts of sprinklers facilities, installation standards in domestic and foreign legal system, and recent cases that expanded damages in fire accidents because of weak point of installation and control standards. In domestic cases, as a result, government has to provide an institutional strategy and law that regulate duty to install sprinklers to all aggregate buildings regardless of floors in terms of new buildings. Also, if someone who has existing buildings wanted to install them, government would guarantee subsidy to encourage installation. In addition, government supervises fire-fighting activities when there are fire by compensating standards about regular inspection by a qualified technician, operation and maintenance of sprinklers as well as reinforcement of administrative criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2008

We studied on corrosion of sprinklers system fire protection, a cause on corrosion of fire installations and a source of the problem. We investigated the influence of fluid mechanics on the corrosion shape of sprinklers system fire protection installations. And we known a problem of early fire extinguishing in fire protection with corrosion.

• Fire Protection Technology
• /
• s.10
• /
• pp.9-12
• /
• 1991

As the present idustry is devolping rapidly, automatic sprinklers continue to play a key role in modern fire protection. But the technical basis and methods of measurement of the thermal response of sprinklers are not studying in our country. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the thermal response characteristics and condition parameters of automatic sprinkler head.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 1998

To use glazing systems protected by automatic sprinklers as fire barriers in building compartmentation, fire endurance tests of these systems have been performed by several research workers. Most of the tests concerned the types of glasses and sprinklers, sprinkler water flow rate, and sprinkler activation time. Horizontal side wall sprinklers and window glazing systems with a vertical center mullion were mainly applied in the tests. In the study, full-scale fire endurance tests were carried out to verify the ability of large glazing systems divided by a horizontal mullion and protected by pendent vertical sprinklers. The result shows that the protrusive length of the horizontal mullion, which is perpendicular to the glass surface, is the main parameter that determines the fire resistance rating of the systems. The mullion obstructs the water flow in the glass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2017

Sprinklers are a necessary device for the early suppression of fires to prevent large fires. The installation has been obligatory for certain buildings recently through the digestion method. In an aging building, it is difficult to find sprinklers, because of their significant cost, long installation times, and they require installation by experts. That is why we are able to install all, was designed with enough independent integrated sprinklers with fire-extinguishing capabilities. The designed sprinklers are fitted with a conventional sprinkler head in a container of 20cm * 20cm * 10cm. Inside the container and potassium carbonate, which warms the rubber material and the plate line by pressing the potassium carbonate, the line weight is a 5kg pressing plate at the entrance at the pressure of 0.5Mpa when operating. The glass sprinkler valve blocking the entrance at about $68^{\circ}C$ is operated open. At this time, the potassium out of the digestive fire to combustible materials and heat off a chain reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.439-449
• /
• 1997

Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of sprinklers on fires typical of a number of occupancies including simulated of office furniture, supermarkets, carpet displays, libraries, video stores and liquor stores. After surveys of actual fire loads, the experiments were conducted in a specially designed sprinklered fire-calorimeter with a collecting hood 6 m x6 m leading to a vertical duct 1 m in diameter. Details of the rig are given elsewhere [1]. Only well ventilated fires were studied. Rate of heat release and production of various toxic chemicals were monitored during the tests. Both sprinklered and unsprinklered fires were used. The results were used to establish the unsprinklered burning behaviour and the fire-control effects of sprinklers. Before sprinkler operation, the rate of fire growth could be modelled as 12_fires as given in NFPA 92B (1991 Edition) [2]. It was found that operation of sprirnklers controlled but did not extinguish the fires. This was expected as parts of the fire load were shielded from the spray. Also there were significant increases in the concentration of carbon monoxide when the sprinklers operated. Sprinklers had little effect on the concentrations of other toxic products measured. The results from the tests were extrapolated to large single storey buildings for the same occupancy classes and the results used to compare the required and the available escape times for different occupancies, particularly whether the use of sprinklers would improve the chances of escape from those premises. It was found that in most of the cases studied, adequate escape times will be available without any special measures. For very rapid fire growths, however, special measures, such as availability of trained staff may be needed. Standard response sprinklers will have little impact.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2010

In this study, Fire Hazards were evaluated through computer simulation using FDS program for an apartment fire accident. The results of fire simulation showed that the maximum heat release rate in the case of no sprinklers activation was 7,700 kW which was about 16 times of that in the case of sprinklers activation, 497 kW and there was a very high fire hazard due to the backdraft phenomenon when the door of fire room was forced to open. Regarding the hazard time of fire room temperature and detection time of detectors, available evacuation time was 32.5 seconds of minimum to 53.5 seconds of maximum. In the case of sprinklers activation, fire hazard in the apartment was showed to be very low due to the fire control by the spray cooling of sprinklers. This study shows that what a important function for fire safety is the activations of fire sprinkler system and emergency alarm system and what a large loss can cause if these systems don’t activate in fire accidents.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2010

Although the subject of sprinkler installations in Korean regulations is less strict than in other advanced countries, many building owners and managers tend to install sprinklers only in the types of buildings designated by law or create building designs for which sprinkler installation standards are not applied. This is because priority is given to cutting installation expenses rather than providing building fire safety. In this study, the benefit is estimated for various expenses from installation and maintenance of sprinklers as an investment. As a result of comparing sprinkler system installation expense and the financial benefit by efficiency analysis, the payback period is 1/20 of the building life expectancy and its efficiency is twice the expense. Therefore, installation of sprinklers by regulation has financial efficiency and it is desirable to broadly encourage the installation of sprinklers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2014

Design by means of the pipe schedule sprinkler system of NFSC 103 results in insufficient pressure and flow rate about 50% sprinklers of operating area. In order to solve the lack of pressure and flow rate, This paper compare and analyzed NFSC 103, National Fire Safety Code of Sprinkler System, with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and suggested an alternative proposal. Changing the flow rate of each sprinkler from existing 80 L/min to 120 L/min, All of the operating sprinklers are fulfilled the minimum demands on 80 L/min and 1 bar. It is easy for everyone to design of the pipe schedule sprinkler system and it is optimum method that all sprinklers in design area are satisfied with minimum criteria.