• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.743-747
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• 2015

In this paper, the power generation efficiency of the 4 [kW] fixed-concentrated type photovoltaic power generation system and that of the 4 [kW] single axis trace type photovoltaic power generation system were compared. For that purpose, the two types of photovoltaic power generation systems have been in operation for 1 year on an experimental basis. The amounts of power generated by the two types during the months of January through December and the characteristics of their operating times during the same period have been compared and analyzed. For the study, the type with higher efficiency was selected and the following conclusions have been reached. It was shown that the amount of power generated and the average operation times during the spring months of March through May are higher that those of the summer months of June through August when more sunlight is available. The reason for this phenomenon is thought to be that as the temperatures of the solar panel surface and the surrounding environment go up, the electric current decreases.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2005

We examined the relationship between the 50m temperature estimated by remote sensing sea surface temperature (SST) and fishing ground (squid fishing ground) detected by nighttime visible channel defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) I operational linescan system (OLS) images in the East/Japan Sea during 1993-2000. The results are as follows: The numbers of nighttime fishing boat were distributed the highest in October, and the lowest in April during this study. A nighttime fishing grounds have concentrated in the East Korea Warm Current region, coastal regions of Honshu Island, and Polar front region. Fishing grounds have distributed $11-18^{\circ}C$ of estimated 50m temperature from the satellite data. Relationship between estimated 50m temperature and the distributed fisheries boats showed that the north boundaries of fishing grounds have distributed the temperature of below $12^{\circ}C$ from 1996 to 2000 and that of $13-15^{\circ}C$ during 1993-1995 and 1997-1999. Stable fishing grounds appeared near the Korea/Tsushima Strait from January to March. The center of fishing grounds in spring (April-Jun) have moved to the northward than that in winter, and variations appeared largely in winter. In summer (July-September), center of fishing grounds have formed near the Uleung Island in the south east coast of Korea, and in autumn maximum fishing ground appeared in October, the fishing ground southward from November.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1996

The aim of this study is to get the basic data to design the clothing for the female teachers. In this study, we survey the practice of the wear in the spring and the fall of the 422 female teachers in primary, middle and high school, and their wearing sensation according to clothing construction factors. The results are as follows: first, the female teachers frequently wear blouse and skirt, jacket and blouse, jacket and T-shirts, cardigan and T-shirts in upper wear. Second, most female teachers had troubles in their clothing at work. They had serious troubles in writing on the blackboard, due to the improper form and. length of the sleeves, and the inconvenience of their skirt is due to the improper length, while they go up the strains. Third, the comfortable factors of the female teachers' blouse are as follows; round neck line, soutien and peter pan collar, sleeve attatched bodice with a little loose armhole, $10{\sim}20cm$ under from waist in length, front slit, and fastening bottons. In case of skirt, they perceive A-lined, flared, pleats skirt more convieniently than tight one, which are 10cm under from kneeline in length, side fastening system, back slit.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

Bidding systems in the domestic public construction work have been amended many times since the lowest-bidding system was implemented in 1951. However, this hasn't had much success. Competition in technical development among companies has declined as the contracts for buildings are given to company which submits the lowest price without considering traits of projects. In addition, as the construction market turns to the limitless competition system due to FTA(Free Trade Agreement), advanced techniques are needed to promote the national competitive power. Considering the needs of the times, Korean government announced that "Best Value Contract (Design-Bid-Build)" and "Bridging Contracts (Design-Build)" are included to 4 existing bidding systems in October 2007. Thus this study aims to suggest devised the evaluation criteria including major items for evaluating bidders, in order to establish and revitalize the best-value bid system successfully.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.355-360
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• 2009

Nowadays, the condition of overcrowded cities has raised a question which is insufficient land in cities, and has gotten worse because of the influx of the population continuously. It has rapidly constructed a skyscraper increasingly that the solution to secure a living space against these overcrowded cities until 2000, but these are already positioning itself as one of the new type of residence. The necessity of skyscraper as facilities of residence inside cities has be available both a solution for overcrowded cities and a meaning for a symbol of its represented a landmark. However, constructing skyscrapers indiscreetly can not guarantee dweller's life environment, and it contains risks unless design and facilities criteria are provided. Now, a skyscraper as a new substitute constituting a living space in the future for overcrowded cities deals with a systematic correlation between a city and construction. Therefore the aim of this study were to indicate a method for improvement of dweller's life environment at skyscraper through establishing a point of reference to inculcate them for a sustainable skyscraper from now on.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2008

The way we live on our own is distinguished from those of the other countries while the society changes rapidly globalized with the flow. It is called housing culture when culture is discussed in dwelling, what contains living. With the beginning of building Mapo Apartment in 1962, apartment has become the most popular type of housing and currently is provided more than 50% of housing unit in Korea. Even though it has been criticized for a problem of standardization in its form and social issues, its provide increases in its number and its types become hilghly diversified in construction. Therefore the housing culture of apartment should be accepted as a characteristic of our society and it's time to find the identity of our housing culture and make a progress in it. Studies related to apartment are also increased in its number and diversified in its range. The purpose of this study is to go through the trend of studies related to apartment and to analyze subject and content changes according to politic, social and economic changes for the recent 10 years. The study would provide the basic research material related to apartment both to academic area and companies in the future.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to clarify the site selection and orientation which have affected the western missionaries in construction of the first western house in Cheongju area. The results of this study are as follows; In the site selection, they chose Tap-Dong hill, by finding the higher position and taking a fine view of all natural elements, because the alters like the tomb of Confucius, the existing settlement Godang village, Dang Mt. are already located around this area. And also it was that they could easily go into Tap-Dong hill through the existing alleys, These alleys, generated near the original road of Tap-Dong hill, are developed to modern road system. These alleys affect western house's entrance and orientation. In deciding the orientation of house, korean people prefer to south and east by considering Feng-shui theory; otherwise western house, specially the first house has a southwestern aspect, because the western missionaries have a preference for the topography, entry, and view than a house facing south.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.140-144
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• 2008

While we go through a rapid change in society, family types composing social relationship underwent lots of changes. Recently the range of family is included not only families on the basis of blood relationship but also single family, a one-parent family and non-blood relationship family. Now we need not unified types of housing but social integrated housing models responding to family diversity. The purpose of this study is that examine family diversity through social statistics and demography and grasp the current housing types responding to family diversity. The features of family diversity are reducing the number of family member and turning up a unformal family type. At the social statistics and demography in 2005, the number of family member is only 2.9 people per family. Due to decline of birth rate and change of marriage consciousness, various family types appear and increase such as single family, a one-parent family and non-blood relationship family. But there is lack of housing types responding to such family diversity. This study will be a basic research to develop social integrated housing models responding to family diversity. Housing must be sensitive to change of family type, so it responds our needs based on thorough understanding on various housing life.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1974

This survey has been carried out on ten species(Erythronium japonicum, Symplocarpus renifolius, Adonis amurensis var. ramosa, Corydalis turtschaninovii var. genuina, Primula sieboldii forma spontanea, Anemone raddeana, Gagea Iutea, Heloniopsis japonjca, Hylomecon japonicum, and Convallaria majalis var. keiskei in the undergrowth of a forest of deciduous broad-leaved trees in the Kwangnung area of Kyung-Ki Province. They always bloom towards the end of March which is earlier than most of the other plants do. They completely finish up their matter productions before foliage of the deciduous trees, which are the upper strata plants, grows broader or to cite in other terms, before the relative light intensity in the lower strata is fallen to the lowest degree to become to insufficient to allow for photosynthesis. These phanerophytes naturally wither down between June and July. The above mentioned phenomenon clearly demonstrates a kind of the ecological niches and habitat segregation in terms of using sunlight to her greatest advantage. Soon after these herbs wither they make their own winter buds-life form-around their roots and then go into hibernation. The intensity of light in this forest zone was measured through the use of a lux meter in order to investigate it's seasonal variations. In additions, an intensive survey on the duration of their efflorescence was fullfilled.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 1998

The main focus of this paper is to provide clear understanding about the concept of make-up as total fashion by defining the essential meaning of it. First, we would like to go over the concept of make-up and total fashion, then analyze the make-up image, the changes of colors and images of make-up overtime and fashion that have influenced over those changes. In this paper, we analyze the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy. Through this paper we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people. The trend of Spring/Summer between 1990 and 92is the image of natural beauty and comfortable and modernistic image that can be experienced through nature. In 1992, there was a revival look of 1960s and 1970s. Make-up also followed this trend. The overall color tone was to give natural and stable images with pastel tone to soften the images. This tone brought back the ecology of 1960s. The theme of restoration in humanity and nostalgia was reflected in clothing, and these trend changed the ecology of make-up to peace, love and romantic ecology which was expressed in coral, blue, and green tone to create intelligent image of woman. Year 1996 could be called as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. The beginning of 1990s Fall/Winter season was based on ecology concept that emphasized the natural image. Until 1995 it appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend had no big differences. But from 1995 seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. In 1995, 1996, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors. These color were the symbol of property and sentiment and gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image and at that time ethnic image, romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet.