• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.127-141
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• 1995

득량만의 키조개 어장의 해양 환경을 알아보기 위하여 1994년 7월 12일(대조기)과 19일(소조기)에 걸쳐 득량만의 수형 분포 특성을 조사하였다. 득량만은 관측 기간중에 대조기와 소조기에 따른 빛의 연직감쇠계수(k)가 0.6인 곳을 경계로 하여 3개 해역으로 구분될 수 있었다. 조석 주기에 따른 k가 0.6인 등치선의 변화는 대조기에는 약 10m인 등수심선, 소조기에는 약 5m인 등수심선과 유사하게 분포하였다. 따라서 득량만의 수심 약 5~10m인 해역은 조석 주기에 따라서 수형의 특성이 뚜렷하게 바뀌는 수역이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 수심 약 5~10m인 만 중앙 해역은 T-S diagram에서 대조기때는 수심이 얕은 해역의 수형군에 가까이 분포하고, 소조기때에는 수심이 깊은 수형군에 가까이 분포하였다. 그리고 성층 정도를 나타내는 변수인 log 하(10)(H/U 상(3))의 값은 수심 5m와 10인 등수심선에서 약 2.1~2.2의 값을 나타내었다. 특히, 본 연구 기간인 1994년 7월 동안은 혹서와 갈수로 인하여 예년치보다도 기온은 약 2$^{\circ}C$이상 높았으며, 강수량은 예년치보다도 훨씬 낮은 음의 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 영향으로 인하여 득량만의 수괴의 밀도는 관측 기간동안 주로 수온에 의해서 결정되고 있었다. 앞으로는 기상 자료 및 득량만에서의 과거 누년자료를 분석하여, 이상(abnormal) 고수온년에 대한 만내의 물리적인 변동, 조류와 해저 지형에 기인한 내부파의 형성이나 연속 관측에 의한 급조등에 관한 연구도 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.217-232
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• 2015

To prevent over-testing of the test-item during random vibration testing Scharton proposed and discussed the force limited random vibration testing (FLVT) in a number of publications. Besides the random vibration specification, the total mass and the turn-over frequency of the load (test item), $C^2$ is a very important parameter for FLVT. A number of computational methods to estimate $C^2$ are described in the literature, i.e., the simple and the complex two degrees of freedom system, STDFS and CTDFS, respectively. The motivation of this work is to evaluate the method for the computation of a realistic value of $C^2$ to perform a representative random vibration test based on force limitation, when the adjacent structure (source) description is more or less unknown. Marchand discussed the formal description of getting $C^2$, using the maximum PSD of the acceleration and maximum PSD of the force, both at the interface between load and source. Stevens presented the coupled systems modal approach (CSMA), where simplified asparagus patch models (parallel-oscillator representation) of load and source are connected, consisting of modal effective masses and the spring stiffness's associated with the natural frequencies. When the random acceleration vibration specification is given the CSMA method is suitable to compute the value of the parameter $C^2$. When no mathematical model of the source can be made available, estimations of the value $C^2$ can be find in literature. In this paper a probabilistic mathematical representation of the unknown source is proposed, such that the asparagus patch model of the source can be approximated. The chosen probabilistic design parameters have a uniform distribution. The computation of the value $C^2$ can be done in conjunction with the CSMA method, knowing the apparent mass of the load and the random acceleration specification at the interface between load and source, respectively. Data of two cases available from literature have been analyzed and discussed to get more knowledge about the applicability of the probabilistic method.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2003

최근 건축물의 대형화로 구조물의 기초는 비균질지반에 지지된다. 본 연구는 면내력을 받는 후판의 진동해석을 한 것이다. 장방 형판은 등방, 균질의 선형 탄성재료로 구성되었다. 장방형 후판의 진동해석은 8절점과 9절점을 이용한 장방형 유한요소를 사용하여 행하였다. 본 연구에서 기초를 수직스프링으로 이상화한 Winkler지반에 전단지반층을 추가한 Pasternk지반으로 이상화하였다. 지반의 강성을 달리한 비균질 Pasternak지반에 지지된 판을 해석하기 위해 중앙부분과 가장자리 부분의 Winkler지반계수를 WFP1과 WFP2로 선택하였다. (그림 4.) Winkler지반계수 WFP1과 WFP2는 0, 10, $10^2$, $10^3$으로 변환시키고 전단지반강성은 0, 5, 10으로 하였다. 후판의 좌굴응력(${\sigma}_{cr}$)에 대한 면내력의 비는 각각 0.4, 0.8에 대해 적용하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2019

Magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) rotatory dampers are normally used for controlling the constant rotation of machines and engines. In this research, such a device is proposed to act as variable stiffness device to alleviate the rotational oscillation existing in the many engineering applications, such as motor. Under such thought, the main purpose of this work is to characterize the nonlinear torque-angular displacement/angular velocity responses of an MRF based variable stiffness device in oscillatory motion. A rotational hysteresis model, consisting of a rotatory spring, a rotatory viscous damping element and an error function-based hysteresis element, is proposed, which is capable of describing the unique dynamical characteristics of this smart device. To estimate the optimal model parameters, a modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA) is employed on the captured experimental data of torque, angular displacement and angular velocity under various excitation conditions. In MWOA, a nonlinear algorithm parameter updating mechanism is adopted to replace the traditional linear one, enhancing the global search ability initially and the local search ability at the later stage of the algorithm evolution. Additionally, the immune operation is introduced in the whale individual selection, improving the identification accuracy of solution. Finally, the dynamic testing results are used to validate the performance of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

금강 하구 해수의 장기적 수질 변화를 이해하기 위해 수행된 연구의 일부로서, 하구 내 고정점에서 1996년 6월부터 2004년 4월까지 매일 관측한 수질 변화 자료를 다양한 통계 분석법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전체적으로 금강 하구 내 수질은 금강 담수의 유입에 의한 요인(요인 $1: 28.3\%$), 퇴적물의 재부유나 도시 하수의 유입에 따른 질산화과정 등을 포함하는 화학적인 요인(요인 $2: 18.6\%$), 식물플랑크톤의 일차생산으로 대표되는 생물학적인 요인(요인 $3; 13.5\%$)에 의하여 $60\%$이상이 결정되었다. 조사 기간을 평균할 때 담수의 유입에 의한 영향이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 특히, 유량이 평균치거나 혹은 보다 적을 때 금강 유량이 더욱 효과적으로 금강 하구 내 환경 인자에 영향을 주었다. 반면 요인 2와 요인 3은 계절적으로 차이를 보이는데, 이러한 원인은 생물 활동의 시기와 관계가 있을 것으로 보인다. 특히 2004년 금강 하구 내 엽록소-a의 대증식 기간에는 요인 3인 생물학적인 요인이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 생물학적 요인의 대표적인 인자인 엽록소-a에 대해 다중회귀분석을 수행한 결과, 금강 하구 내에서 엽록소-a의 농도를 결정하는 가장 중요 인자는 인산염과 N/P 비율로 나타났다. 파라서 갈수기(특히, 봄철) 동안 인산염은 금강 하구 내에서 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 제한하는 인자로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

In the area of wheel on rail vehicle, hunting stability which is generated by lateral motion is one of important characteristics for running safety. It might cause not only oscillation of vehicle but also derailment in an unstable area of the high speed. A Maglev vehicle is usually controlled the voltage to maintain the air gap between electromagnet and track. However, in Maglev system, an occurrence possibility of hunting motion could be high, because Maglev vehicle is not controlled directly lateral force between electromagnet and track in the curved guideway. In this paper, running safety is evaluated when Maglev vehicle run on guideway at high speed according to installment of damper between maglev vehicles and bogies, and to analyze the effect of it. Also, the parametric study is carried out for selecting effective lateral damper properties through the simulation. To accurately predict the running safety, 3d multibody dynamics models which are included air spring, guideway conditions and irregularities profile are used. With the results acquired, suggestions were made whether to adopt the damper and how to optimize the damping characteristics.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2014

This paper considered the prediction of the tension force in the design of a TLP tendon, particularly focusing on the springing problem. Springing is an important parameter that exerts a large tension in special cases. It is a nonlinear phenomenon and requires the 2nd-order wave loads to solve. In this paper, a new prediction method for springing and the resultant extreme tension on the tendon of a TLP is introduced. Using the 2nd-order response function computed using the commercial program WADAM, the probability density function of the 2nd-order tension is obtained from an eigenvalue analysis using a quadratic transfer function and sea spectra. A new method is then suggested to predict the extreme tension loads with respect to the number of occurrences. It is shown that the PDF suggested in this study properly predicts the extreme tension in comparison with the time histories of the 2nd-order tension. The expected tension force is larger than that from a linear analysis in the same time windows. This supports the use of the present method to predict the tension due to springing.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

This paper presents a control-oriented dynamical model of a towing rope system with variable-length. In this system, a winch driven by a motor's torque uses the towing rope to pull a cart. In general, it is a difficult and complicated process to obtain an accurate mathematical model for this system. In particular, if the rope length is varied by operating the winch, the varying rope dynamics needs to be considered, and the key physical parameters need to be re-identified... However, real time parameter identification requires long computation time for the control scheme, and hence undesirable control performance. Therefore, in this article, the rope is modeled as a straight massless segment, with the mass of rope being considered partly with that of the cart, and partly as halfway to the winch. In addition, the changing spring constant and damping constant of the towing rope are accounted for as part of the dynamics of the winch. Finally, a reduced-order observer-based servomechanism controller is designed for the system, and the performance is evaluated by computer simulation.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-80
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• 2018

In this study, the thermal loading effect on free vibration characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with multiple cracks is studied. Various boundary conditions for nanotube are taken in to account. In order to take the small scale effect, the nonlocal elasticity of Eringen is employed in the framework of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. This theory states that the stress at a reference point is a function of strains at all points in the continuum. A cracked nanotube is assumed to be consisted of two segments that are connected by a rotational spring which is located in the position of the cracked section. Hamilton's principle is used to achieve the governing equations. Influences of the nonlocal parameter, crack severity, temperature change and the number of cracks on the system frequencies are investigated. Also, it is found that at room or lower temperature the natural frequency for CNT decreases as the value of temperature change increases, while at temperature higher than room temperature the natural frequency of CNT increases as the value of temperature change increases. Various boundary conditions have been applied to the nanotube.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

The objective of this paper is to design stamping die of inner reinforcement panel with DL 950 advanced high strength steel as stamping materials through numerical analyses and experiments. The stamping process was designed as bending dominant process consisting of 1 step of notching and 4 steps of bending processes. In order to obtain a proper design of the stamping die, various three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analyses were performed using a commercial code AUTOFORM V4.2. Design parameter of stamping die was chosen as the corner radius of the stamping die for each step. From the results of the FE analysis, feasible corner radii of the stamping die, which can minimize the deviation of corner angle of the stamped part from design data, and forming load for each part were estimated. Stamping experiments were carried out using the manufactured stamping die according to the proposed die design. The results of experiments were shown that the stamping die can successfully manufacture the inner reinforcement panel with DL 950 advanced high strength steel as base stamping material.