• 소성∙가공
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1995

In this study, the width spreads of spring steel including Mn-Cr steel(SUP 9A), Mn-Cr-V steel(SUP 11A), and Si-Cr steel(SAE 9254) and were investigated under different reduction ratios and thickness-width ratios friction coefficients. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical prediction by the Ekelund equation, Geuze equations, etc. The width spreads of the three spring steels were found to be 10-15% larger than mild steel, and the optimal reduction ratio for the spring steel was found in a range from 20 to30%. Among the spring steels, the width spread of Mn-Cr-V steel was measured to be the largest followed by those of Si-Cr steel and Mn-Cr steel. It was found that the width spread increased with friction coefficient, width-thickness ratio and reduction ratio as predicted. However, the theoretical predictions revealed smaller width spread than the experimental results. This finding indicates that the coefficients of the width spread of the theoretical models need to be modified in order to predict the actual behavior of the width spreading of the spring steels. In this study, the coefficients of width spread of the Geuze equation were determined from the experimental results.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

Flame spread experiments of a fuel droplet array were performed using a microgravity environment. N-decane, 1-octadecene, and the blends (50% : 50% vol.) of these fuels were used and the experiments were conducted at pressures up to 5.0 MPa, which are over the critical pressure of these fuels. Observations of the flame spread phenomenon were conducted for OH radical emission images recorded using a high-speed video camera. The flame spread rates were calculated based on the time history of the spreading forehead of the OH emission images. The flame spread rate of the n-decane droplet-array decreased with pressure and had its minimum at a pressure around half of the critical pressure and then increased again with pressure. It had its maximum at a pressure over the critical pressure and then decreased gradually. The pressure dependence of flame spread rate of 1-octadecene were similar to those of n-decan, but the magnitude of the spread rate was much smaller than that of n-decane. The variation of the flame spread for the blended fuel was similar to that of n-decane in the pressure range from atmospheric pressure to near the critical pressure of the blended fuel. When the pressure increased further, it approached to that of 1-octadecene. Numerically estimated gas-liquid equilibrium states proved that almost all the fuel gas which evaporated from the droplet at ordinary pressure consisted of n-decane whereas near and over the critical pressure, the composition of the fuel gas was almost the same as that of the liquid phase, so that the effects of 1-octadecene on the flame spread rate was significant.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2021

본 논문은 2020년 11월 동해에서 실시한 장거리 수중음향통신의 해상실험 결과를 제시한다. 하나의 이동하는 송신기와 16개의 수직 배열 수신기들을 통해 신호를 수집하였으며, 송신기와 수신기 사이의 거리는 약 20 km정도였다. 실험에 적용된 신호는 기존의 직접수열 대역확산 방식과 각 심볼마다 다수의 순환된 Pseudo Noise(PN) 시퀀스를 중첩함으로써 전송률을 높이는 중첩된 직접수열 대역확산 방식이다. 실험결과 채널 부호화 기법이 적용되지 않은 비부호화 비트 오류율에 있어서 기존의 직접수열 대역확산 방식은 16채널 평균 0.0005로 나타났으며, 중첩된 직접수열대역확산 방식은 0.00124을 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2004

Ultra Wide Bandwidth (UWB) spread-spectrum techniques will playa key role in short range wireless connectivity supporting high bit rates availability and low power consumption. UWB can be used in the design of wireless local and personal area networks providing advanced integrated multimedia services to nomadic users within hot-spot areas. Thus the assessment of the possible interference caused by UWB devices on already existing narrowband and wideband systems is fundamental to ensure nonconflicting coexistence and, therefore, to guarantee acceptance of UWB technology worldwide. In this paper, we study the coexistence issues between an indoor UWB-based system (hot-spot) and outdoor point to point (PP) links and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) systems operating in the 3.5 - 5.0 GHz frequency range. We consider a realistic UWB master/slave system architecture and we show through computer simulation, that in all practical cases UWB system can coexist with PP and FWA without causing any dangerous interference.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2002

This paper presents results of continuous wave and swept frequency response measurements over the frequency range of UNII lower and middle bands from 5.15GHz to 5.35GHz in indoor environments. From the continuous wave measurements at 5.2GHz, the excess path loss, and the statistical characteristics of the temporal and spatial fading were found. By sweeping the frequency over the band, envelope correlation as a function of frequency was found and the coherence bandwidth (CBW) was determined from the envelope correlation. Using a channel model, the CBW was used to evaluate RMS delay spread. The dependence of CBW on the antenna polarization was simulated and compared with the measurement results. The influence of room size and separation of transmitter and receiver for LOS paths on RMS delay spread was discussed.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

Considering heat insulation and beautiful sight of construction, making use of exterior panels is increasing. Recently the exterior panels now are weak very much, and so in consequence of the weakness fire spreads rapidly. Compared with internal fire, external vertical fire spread rate goes rapidly and it is extensive in spread range, therefore it is dangerous very much. Accordingly, under present condition of poor standard of exterior panels, it is required to take measure to meet the appropriate situation. In this study, by making use of FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulation) program about external vertical fire of high rise building, fire behavior is searched by computer. It is important that realizing by computer fire modeling about external vertical fire must be included certainly in procedure of fire performance design in the future. In modeling program, FDS version 5 is available, and aluminium composite panel is applied in external panels. In this study, for realizing of actual fire condition, FDS is applied by details of fire scenarios considering influence of wind.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

산불을 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 지역별 산불 행동 특성에 대한 이해가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 전국 시 군 구 단위고 산불통계 자료를 이용하여 발생 및 확산 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 1991년 부터 2007년까지 17년간 발생건수, 연소면적, 확산속도, 건당 면적 자료를 이용하여 산불 특성에 따라 군집을 분류하고 GIS를 이용하여 공간적 분포 특성을 분석하였다 분석결과, 산불의 공간적 특성 변이가 뚜렷하게 관찰되었고, 전국 시 군 구는 산불위험성에 따라 5개의 군집으로 분류할 수 있었다. 대도시와 인근 지역은 산불위험이 낮은 군집으로 분류되었으나, 강원도 영동지방 4개 시 군은 가장 위험한 군집으로 분류되었다. 그 뒤를 이어 남, 서해안에 인접한 시 군 구의 산불위험성이 높았다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.138-145
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• 1997

Models of upward flame spread have been attempted in the past, but in the current work an emphasis has been placed on developing a practical model that will be useful across a broad range of materials. Some of the important aspects of the model we: the addition of external radiation to simulate a wall that is a part of an enclosure fire and has flaming walls radiating to it, the use of a correlation for flame heat feedback distribution to the sample surface based on data available in the literature, and the use of an experimentally measured mass loss rate for the sample material, In this paper, the development of the numerical model is presented along with predictions of flame spread for three materials: hardboard, a relatively homogeneous wood-based material; plywood, which is made of laminated wood bonded by adhesives; and a composite material made of fiberglass matrix embedded in epoxy. Predictions are compared with measured data at several levels of external radiation for each material. For the materials tested, the model correctly predicts trends and does a reasonable job predicting flame heights. The need for thermal property data for practical materials, which would be appropriate for flame spread models, is indicated by this work.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2012

대역확산 기법은 인접 심벌간의 간섭을 최소화 하고, 은밀성(LPI, Low Probability of Intercept)과 다중 접속기능을 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 동해에서 직접수열 방식의 대역확산 기법으로 신호를 전송하고, 왜곡된 수신신호를 보상하기 위해 반송파와 시간 동기 복원 및 등화기를 적용한 결과를 나타낸다. 해상실험을 수행한 결과 송수신기사이의 거리가 3 km이었을 때 일반적인 QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) 기법의 경우 $1.46{\times}10^{-2}$의 비트 오류율을 보였으며, 대역확산기법이 적용된 경우 $5.17{\times}10^{-4}$ 비트 오류율을 보였다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2019

방사선 선량 증강은 물질과의 상호작용 단면적을 높여 국소 부위에 대한 선량을 증가시키는 방법으로 선에너지부여 및 상대적 생물학적 효과비 증가로 치료가능비 향상에 기여할 수 있다. 선량 증강에 대한 선행 연구는 X, ${\gamma}$선에 대한 보고가 주를 이루고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 MCNP6를 이용한 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 바탕으로 양성자 선원에 대해 선량 증강 현상을 분석하였다. 수학적 모델 방법에 따라 확산된 피크의 양성자 선원에 대한 에너지 분포와 상대적 강도를 산출하였으며, 금, 아이오딘, 가돌리늄의 선량 증강 물질에 대한 선량증강비와 깊이 변화에 따른 에너지 분포를 평가하였다. 금을 이용한 증강 현상에서 1.085-1.120배, 가돌리늄에서는 1.047-1.091배의 선량증강비를 나타내었다. 또한 깊이에 따른 흡수에너지 변화로 인해 실질 비정과 95% 선량 구간의 감소를 나타내었으며, 이는 선량 증강 현상과 더불어 종양조직에 불확실한 선량 전달로 이어질 수 있으므로 증강 물질의 질량 저지능으로부터 확산된 피크 구간의 적절한 보정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 모의모사를 통한 선량 증강 현상의 분석은 실질적인 증강 효과 확인을 위한 체내 외 실험의 기초자료로써 활용될 것으로 기대한다.