• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.516-524
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) on the gut microbiota of lactating sows and their piglets. A total of 12 sows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. The treatments were a sow diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON), and a CON diet with an added 1% SDP. The sows were fed the dietary treatments from d 30 before farrowing to weaning (d 28). The fecal samples of three sows from each treatment and two of their randomly selected piglets were collected to verify their fecal microbiota. There were no differences in the alpha diversity and distinct clustering of the microbial communities in the sows and their piglets when SDP was added to the sow diets from late gestation to weaning. The fecal microbiota of the lactating sows and their piglets showed a higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota and genus Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and showed a lower relative abundance of the phylum Bacillota and genus Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, and Clostridium in the sows fed the SDP diet than those fed the CON diet. Overall, these results show that the addition of SDP to the sow diet during lactation altered the gut environment with positive microbial composition changes. These results were similar in the nursing piglets, suggesting that the control of the sow diets during lactation may contribute to the intestinal health and growth in piglets after weaning.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1995

Yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG) powders were synthesized by spray-drying of the hydroxides coprecipitated from a mixture of aqueous solutions of $Al(NO_3)_3.9H_2O \;and\; Y(NO_3)_3.6H_2O$ Phase formation in the powders during heat treatments and their sintering charactristics were investigated. In the powder obtained by washing the hydroxides before spray-drying, a metastable yttrium aluminum hexagonal (YAH) phase was first crystallized and then transformed into YAG as temperature was increased. The formation of YAH was attributed to a deviation in compositions of the particles from the starting composition of YAG. However, the powder prepared without washing step contained a stable yttrium aluminum monoclinic(YAM) phase in addition to YAG due to a large deviation from the starting composition. A powder compact of a single phase YAG was pressureless-sintered for 4 hrs at $1700^{\circ}C$ and the density was 93% of the theoretical density.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the physicochemical properties and micro-encapsulation process of rice fermented with Bacillus subtilis CBD2. The viable bacterial cell, pH, and amylase activity of the rice liquid culture were 7.61 log CFU/mL, pH 5.08 and 159.43 units/mL, respectively. The micro-encapsulated rice liquid culture was manufactured via spray drying with different forming agents: i.e., alginic acid 1.0% and chitosan 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The moisture contents of the spray-dried powders were approximately 2.90~3.68%. The color of the L and a value decreased whereas that of the b and ${\Delta}E$ value increased. The particle size and outer topology of the spray-dried rice liquid culture were $48.13{\sim}68.48{\mu}m$ and globular, respectively. The water absorption index of the spray-dried powder (2.40~2.65) was lower than that of the freeze-dried powder (2.66). The water solubility index of the spray-dried powder (9.17~10.89%) was higher than that of the freeze-dried powder (7.12%). The in vitro dissolution was measured for five hours in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid, and pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 simulated intestinal fluids, using a dissolution tester at $37^{\circ}C$ with 50 rpm agitation. The amylase survival in the fermented rice was 85.93% through the spray-drying and it was very effectively controlled.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1290-1298
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• 2001

A total of 371 weaned pigs were used in three experiments to evaluate the effects of spray dried plasma (SDP), soybean protein sources, and lactose on growth performance. In Exp. 1, 128 pigs (5.99 kg, $18{\pm}2d$) were used to evaluate the effect of SDP (0 vs 7%), lactose (0 vs 30%), and two soybean protein sources [soybean meal (SBM) and extruded soybean protein concentrate (ESPC)] in phase I (d 0 to 14) diets on pig performance in a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Spray-dried plasma increased phase I ADG (p<0.01) and ADFI (p<0.05) in the SBM diets, but not in the ESPC diets. Lactose improved ADG and gain/feed ratio (G/F) in phase I (p<0.01). In Exp. 2, 144 pigs (5.50 kg, $17{\pm}3d$) were used to evaluate the effect of SDP (0 vs. 3.5%) and three soybean protein sources [SBM, ESPC, and soybean protein concentrate (SPC)] in phase I diets, and the effects of two different phase II (d 14 to 28) diets (simple vs complex) in a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments. In phase I, SDP increased ADG (p<0.01) and improved G/F (p<0.05). Pigs fed SBM had the highest ADG and ADFI, with a G/F similar to the pigs fed ESPC. In phase II, pigs fed the complex diet had improved ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.05), and G/F (p<0.05) compared to the simple diet. In Exp. 3, 99 weaned pigs (5.77 kg, $17{\pm}3$d) were used to evaluate the effect of SBM, ESPC, and ESPC with SDP in the phase I diets. Pigs fed SBM with no blood product in the diet had the lowest ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.01), and G/F (p<0.05) in the first week of phase I. There were no differences in soybean protein sources fed in phase I diets on overall pig performance. These experiments are indicated that SDP and lactose improve the phase I performance. Soybean meal can be used as the major protein source in phase I diets with SDP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1138-1143
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• 2001

A total of 96 piglets were weaned at 19 and 13 days in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, and allotted to one of four diets: three with different spray dried plasmas (SPs) and one with hydrolysed casein (HC). SPs were from pigs (SPP), mixed origin (SMP), and mixed origin with standardized level of immunoglobulins (SMPIG). All the diets contained 1.7% total lysine, 25% of the test protein source, 45% corn starch, 15% lactose, 2% sucrose, 7% soybean oil. At d 4 and d 2 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, piglets were perorally challenged with $10^{10}$ CFU E. coli K88. Growth performance, immunity, and health condition were measured for 15 days and 14 days in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. To investigate apparent ileal digestibility and nutrient deposition, all piglets were sacrificed at d 14 in Exp. 2. In 1. 3 piglets died in HC diet and 1 in SPP diet. HC diet showed higher mortality (p<0.01) than other diets. In Exp. 2, no clinical sign of infection was detected, no difference for the content of E. coli K88 was found in feces at 4 and 6 days after the infection, and no E. coli K88 was found in the jejunum at the end of experiment. In both experiments, feed intake was lower for HC diet and ADG was 96, 106, 122 and 155 for HC, SPP, SMP and SMPIG diet, respectively (HC vs others, p<0.05; SMPIG vs other SP, p<0.01). Heal apparent digestibility of nitrogen in sacrificed piglets was higher for HC diet (p<0.05). After the challenge, K88-specific titers in saliva (Exp. 1) and in plasma (Exp. 2) were reduced in SMP and SMPIG. The piglets positive to the adhesion of the used E. coli strain to the intestinal brush borders had a significantly reduced growth (p<0.01) and a higher K88-specific IgA titer in plasma, in comparison with negative ones. This effect was independent of the diet. The data show the relevance of spray dried plasma sources and particularly of SP with standardized level of immunoglobulins for the feeding of early-weaned at the risk of infection by enterotoxigenic bacteria.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2018

In this study, the physicochemical properties of freeze dried (FD) and spray dried powders (SD-MD10, SD-MD20, SD-CD10, SD-CD20) from green coffee bean extract were investigated. Yields were 91.46% for FD powder and 71.63~87.98% for SD powders, respectively. The moisture content of SD powders (1.39~1.86%) was lower than that of FD powder (3.19%). L, a and b value of SD powders were higher than of FD powder. The particle size of the FD powder ($147.67{\mu}m$) was higher than that of the SD powders ($54.23{\sim}66.07{\mu}m$). The water absorption index of the SD powders (0.51-0.59) were lower than that of the FD powder (0.72). The water solubility index of the SD powders, 77.26-90.07%, was higher than that of the FD powder (70.07%). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of SD-CD10 were 20.67 g/100 g and 8.92 g/100 g, respectively. The chlorogenic acid content of SD-CD10 (12.04 g/100 g) was higher than other SD powders. The DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities of SD-CD10 at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 88.02% and 86.89%, respectively. The SD-CD10 was better than other SD powders on protective effects against oxidative stress in L-132 cells (87.33%). In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that spray-dried powder of green coffee bean extracts have potential as functional food materials.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1323-1328
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• 2004

This paper shows the study on the design of the spray-freeze dryer for the production of the pulmonary inhalation powders. Powder production and handling has been an integral part of pharmaceutical processing because of the wide use of oral dosage forms. There are a few commonly used powder preparation methods including mechanical milling, precipitaion, spray drying, freeze drying, and so on. In general, methods available for preparing inhalation powders are limited due to certain inhalation powder's sensitive nature to the processing environments. This is particularly true for preparing dry powder aerosols where the aerodynamic particle size$(<5{\mu}m)$ and the size distribution are pivotal. Supercritical fluid antisolvent and spray freeze drying have recently emerged as promising techniques for producing powders for use in microcapsulation. However, the aerosol applications of these powders are yet to be explored. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of using spray freeze-dried pulmonary inhalation powders for aerosolization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This paper shows the study on the design and another applications of the spray-freeze dryer for the production of valuable material powders. Powder production and handling has been an integral part of material extracting processing and pharmaceutical processing because of the wide use of oral dosage forms. There are a few commonly used powder preparation methods including mechanical milling, precipitaion, spray drying, freeze drying, and so on. In general, methods available for preparing inhalation powders are limited due to certain inhalation powder's sensitive nature to the processing environments. This is particularly true for preparing dry powder aerosols where the aerodynamic particle size($<5{\mu}m$) and the size distribution are pivotal. Supercritical fluid antisolvent and spray freeze drying have recently emerged as promising techniques for producing powders for use in microcapsulation. However, the aerosol applications of these powders are yet to be explored. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of using spray freeze-dried valuable material powders for aerosolization.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.716-721
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• 2017

SiAlON-based ceramics are some of the most typical ceramic materials used as cutting tools for HRSA(Heat Resistant Super-Alloys). SiAlON can be fabricated using ceramic processing, such as mixing, granulation, compaction, and sintering. Spray drying is a widely-used method for producing a granular powder of controlled morphology and size with flowability. In this study, we report a systematic investigation aimed at optimizing spherical granule morphology by controlling spray-drying parameters such as gas flow and feed rate. Before spray drying, the viscosities of the raw material slurries were also optimized with the amount of dispersant added.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2005

We have developed a new method of manufacturing salts by horizontal spray drying technique, using the concentrated deep ocean water after desalination processes. We studied the chemical characteristics of the spray-dried salts. Sodium content in the spray salts is $28.4\%$, which is $10-30\%$ lower than that of bay salts, bamboo salts and boiling salts $(32-38.2\%)$. However, the contents of magnesium, potassium and calcium of the spray salts are 2.5 times, 3 times and 4.5 times higher relative to those of bay salts, respectively. On the one hand, sulfur content in spray salts is 14 times lower than those of bay salts, which is caused by their volatilization during spray and vaporization of the concentrated seawater. Enrichment factors of Mg (0.8), K (0.9) and Ca (1.0) in the spray salts are relatively higher than those in bay salt (0.2-0.3), bamboo salt (0.15-0.4) and boiled salt (0.4-0.7), respectively. On the contrary, enrichment factor of sulfur in spray salts is observed to be 0.07, which is considerably lower than those in other salts (0.3-0.7). It means that the minerals like Mg, K and Ca can be well conserved from seawater to salts through spray drying techniques, while volatile elements like sulfur, lead, mercury and organic compounds can be easily removed from seawater via spray and heating processes.