• 농업과학연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.156-168
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• 1980

분무기(噴霧機) nozzle의 와실내(渦室內)에서 공기(空氣)를 수류(水流)의 중심부(中心部)로 분무(噴霧)시켜 예비미립화(豫備微粒化) 및 공기충돌식(空氣衝突式)의 미립화방식(微粒化方式)을 복합(復合)하여 고안(考案)된 air-center nozzle의 분무살포량(噴霧撒布量)의 분포도(分布度)와 분출량(噴出量)의 특성(特性)을 찾기위한 실험(實驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 공기량(空氣量)은 소구경(小口徑) pipe 직경(直徑) 0.45mm부터 1.42mm이내로 7 수준(水準)으로 조절(調節)하였고 이의 각수준별(各水準別)로 압력(壓力)을 $0.35kg/cm^2$(5 psi)부터 $6.33kg/cm^2$(90 psi)까지 11 수준(水準)으로 조절(調節)하였다. 매실험결과(每實驗結果)는 표준(標準) nozzle 실험치(實驗値)와 비교분석(比較分析)하였고 이의 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. Air-center nozzle은 비교적(比較的) 표준(標準) nozzle보다 안정(安定)된 살포량(撒布量) 분포형(分布型)을 유지(維持)하였다. Air-center nozzle의 분무살포량(噴霧撒布量) 분포도(分布度)는 공기량(空氣量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라서 중심부분(中心部分)으로 집중화(集中化)하였고 이 집중화정도(集中化程度)는 표준(標準) nozzle보다도 더 컸다. 이현상(現象)은 표준(標準) nozzle에 비(比)하여 도달성(到達性) nozzle형(型)에 적합(適合)함을 시사하였다. Air-center nozzle의 분출량(噴出量)은 어느 일정(一定)한 수준(水準) 이내(以內)에서 공기량(空氣量)때문에 표준(標準) nozzle의 분출량(噴出量)만큼 크지는 못하였다. 분출량(噴出量)의 감소율(減少率)은 압력(壓力)이 증가(增加)함에 따라서 둔화되었고 혼합용제(混合溶劑)속의 공기함유율(空氣含有率)이 2~3%인 저비율(低比率)일때 급속(急速)히 컸다. 이 현상(現象)은 공기(空氣)의 압축성질(壓縮性質)에 기인(基因)된 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1985

Spraying method from the paddy-field levee is known to give insufficient penetration of the spray droplets to the rice stem of the densely grown plants, which is generally encountered at the last stage of rice growth. This study was intended to investigate the spraying system to solve this existing problem. As an approach, it was attempted to develop the boom-with-nozzle, between-the-row application system. Several types of nozzles and their different arrangements in the boom were tested in the field to measure the penetration-reaching distance and the uniformity of spray droplet distribution. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Field experiments by the spraying method from the paddy-field levee showed to have practically no penetration of the spray droplets to the portion of the plant stem with the normal flow volume generally applied and thus need for improving present spraying method. 2. It was found that, considering both the uniformity of the spray droplet distribution and performance rate, the most efficient type of nozzle in the between-the-row boom-type spraying system was one that has core-insert hollow-cone with some clearance between the cone and tip. 3. When tested by applying the spraying method of between-the-row, the nozzle pressure did not affect the uniformity of spray droplet distribution. However, the nozzle pressure had a positive effect on the penetrating-reaching distance of the facing side of the rice stem and did not affect much on that of the opposite face of the stem. It was also found that the maximum pressure to affect the penetration-reaching distance was about $10kg/cm^2$. 4. The uniformity of the spray droplet distribution in the between-the-row system was greatly affected by the height and orientation of the nozzles in the boom. Based on experimental work for the different type of the boom-with-nozzle arrangements, it is recommended that the position of nozzle is set at about 0.45 m above the ground and two nozzles in the boom are oriented to be faced with each other with some angle such that the droplet stream from the nozzle would not directly face with each other.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find the design factors of spraying device of the boom sprayer for low volume application. Specific objectives of this study were 1) to select proper nozzles for broadcast spraying and row crop spraying by the nozzle spray characterisic experiment, and 2) to investigate the coverage characteristic of rice plant at the row crop spraying. The results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) From the tested results on the droplet diameter spectrum and spray pattern the standard flat-fan nozzle and drift guard nozzle were judged as appropriate for the broadcasting. Even flat-fan nozzle showed similar span values to standard flat-fan nozzles and drift guard nozzle : however, the nozzles were found to be inappropriate for broadcasting because of their spray pattern. Hollow cone nozzle showed relatively small span values and uniform spray pattern. (2) For the upper and lower sides of the rice plants, coverage rates of even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles were maximum at the second row, but decreased rapidly after the third row. For the middle side of the rice plants, coverage rates of them were maximum at the first row, but decreased rapidly. When one nozzle was tested, C.V. values were in the range of 90~160% and 60~160% on entire heights of rice plant for even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles respectively. C.V. values at other parts were poor. Spray coverage rate at the middle part was improved by overlapping the nozzles whereas there was little difference on the upper and lower part of rice plants. (3) For spraying lower part of rice plant between rows, even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzle were judged as appropriate, but in order to ensure the uniform coverage, distance between nozzles, recommended to be less than 90cm.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2006

직업성 천식은 시안화물의 폭로에 의해 발생되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 남호주에 있는 가구산업에서는 일반적으로 목재판 위를 피복하기 위해 이중분사도포를 할 때 이소시안화물 도포제가 사용된다. 이 연구는 이와 관련 된 분야의 자료부족으로 관련 산업에서의 환경 및 피부와 안구폭로에 대한 모니터링을 위하여 수행되었다. 이 연구결과에 의하면 저압다량(HVLP)의 분사기 사용, 페인트 용액중의 저농도 경화제 및 전면 호흡보호구와 같은 적절한 보호구의 사용시에는 대기로부터 오염물질의 유입은 거의 없었고, 분사실 주변의 일반적인 작업범위에도 HDI 가 거의 감지되지 않았다. 페인트분사시의 일회용 장갑착용으로 피부폭로는 발견되지 않았으나, 칼라 모니터링에 의하면 장갑을 착용하지 않거나 청결하게 관리할 수 있는 공정이나 안전한 장소에 보관하지 않으면 작업장으로부터 피부폭로가 있었다. 페인트분사로부터 눈의 오염은 감지되지 않았고, 호흡기, 피부 및 안구에도 폭로되지 않았으며 유입과 가장 관련성이 있는 것은 작업형태이다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.521-531
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• 1996

분무건조법을 이용하여 무기질막 microcapsule과 무기질/유기질막 microcapsule을 제조하였다. 무기질막 microcapsule은 core 물질로 $K_{4}SO$와 clay shell 물질로 colloidal silica를 사용하였고, 무기질/유기질막 microcapsule은 core 물질로 상기 제조된 무기질막 microcapsule을 shell 물질로는 ethyl cellulose를 사용하여 각각의 microcapsule를 제조하였다. 제조된 microcapsule이 기능성을 갖기 위하여는 구형의 균일한 표면과 세공용적이 매우 중요하다. 무기질막 microcapsule인 경우 core/shell의 체적비가 0.3/0.7인 경우 구형의 균일한 표면의 microcapsule이 제조되었으며, 무기질/유기질막 microcapsule인 경우, 무게비가 0.76/0.24일 때 균일한 표면을 갖는 microcapsule이 제조되었다. 무기질/유기질막 microcapsule인 경우, 무기질막 microcapsule보다 세공용적이 감소하였고, shell물질(ethyl cellulose)의 양이 증가할수록 피복이 균일하게 되며, 세공용적도 감소하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2018

The goal of this study is to experimentally observe the autoignition phenomena of a diesel/1-butanol mixture droplet in ambient pressure and $700^{\circ}C$ condition. A volume ratio of 1-butanol in the fuel was set to 25, 50 and 75%. A single droplet was installed at the tip of fine thermocouple, and the electric furnace dropped down to make elevated temperature condition. Droplet behavior during the experiment could be divided into 3 stages including droplet heating, puffing and autoignition/combustion. Puffing process intensively observed for the case of 1-butanol volume ratio of 25 and 50%, but did not occur at 75%. Increase of 1-butanol volume ratio hindered rise of the droplet temperature and delayed ignition. In addition, puffing process also affected on autoignition, so the ignition delay of 1-butanol volume ratio of 50% was became longer than that of 75% case.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2006

Experimental studies has been conducted to investigate the effect of orifice diameter ratio on the mixing characteristics of the split element of doublet and triplet elements. The spray characteristics of non-reacting immiscible liquids have been investigated using a patternator. The local volume fraction is measured by use of mean value of each component. This volume measurement represents the mixing characteristics of the liquid, which affect the overall combustion efficiency. The ratio of the orifice diameter, ranging from 1 to 1.5, and that of the jet-momentum, ranging from 0.5 to 6.0, we used. The jet impinging behavior with use of various ratios exhibits substantially different mixing characteristics. Mixing efficiency is maximized when the jet-momentum ratio is increased; this behavior is particularly prominent when the orifice diameter ratio is greater than unity. The split of the triplet element yields better mixing characteristics and is more effective than that of the doublet element in regard to achieving high combustion efficiency. The optimum mixing factor for the triplet element is found to be 0.75, according to our measurement.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2001

Generated agri-chemical droplets by orchard sprayers are evaporated regenerated and transported along wind streams. The droplets are deposited to targets after changing their sizes, affecting the retention of droplets. An orchard sprayer, designed for spraying grapevines was studied on the spatial distribution of droplet size. The experimental variables were spray direction (0, 22.5, 45, 67.5 and 90˚), distance(2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m) and fan speed (2,075 and 3,031 rpm). Droplet sizes were converted and analyzed from spray stains, sampled using water sensitive papers. The number median diameter (NMD) increased with an increase of the distance due to disappeared fine droplets (<50 ㎛): however, the volume median diameter (VMD) decreased due to shrunken large droplets (>100 ㎛). Fast fan speed delivered large droplets to 3.5 m, but the spatial distributions of NMD and VMD were not uniform. Slower fan speed decreased the possibility of evaporation and drift; therefore, plenty of droplets were maintained up to 3.0 m. The upward blasting distance was limited within 3 m, but the limit to the ground level was extended to 3.5 m. Concentrated wind and droplets to the ground level should be redistributed to upper canopy direction, leading more uniform deposits. High speed wind and system pressure should be avoided because of generating fine droplets, which would be disappeared and drifted away.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2019

In this paper, a study of Urea-SCR System for Dosing Injector for responding to enhanced environmental regulations has been conducted. There is a limit to the experimental approach due to the structural characteristics of the injector. In order to overcome this problem, The analysis was performed assuming unsteady turbulent flow through computational fluid analysis and the internal flow characteristics of the injector were analyzed. By changing the nozzle shape of the injector, the performance factors of the swirl injector by shape were selected and compared. The design parameters were modified by changing the diameter of the nozzle at a constant ratio compared to the base model. Swirl coefficient, outlet mass flow, and sac volume were selected as performance parameters of the injector. The Conv. model to which the taper was applied showed the dominance in mass flow rate, discharge coefficient and swirl because of the smooth fluid flow by shape. Swirl coefficient, outlet mass flow, and sac volume were selected as performance parameters of the injector. As a result of the comparison coefficient derivation with those performance parameters for comparing the performance of the model-specific injector, the Conv-140 model with the nozzle diameter expanded by 140% showed the best value of the comparison coefficient.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2012

본 연구는 이유체 분무장치 미립화 장치 분무특성을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험 조건은 상온에서 분사압력을 5 bar에서 10 bar 까지 1 bar 간격과 송풍기로부터 공기유량은 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mmH2O(X10-2)로 증가하였으며, 사용된 액체는 경유이다. 분무특성을 연구하기위해 SMD를 측정하였다. 이 실험으로 부터 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 분무 압력이 증가할수록 SMD는 점점 감소한다. 2. 압력노즐로부터 측정 거리가 증가할수록 SMD도 증가한다. 3. 송풍공기가 더해지면서 분무되는 경우의 SMD는 상대적으로 감소한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이 연구의 결과로 알 수 있듯이, 송풍공기가 더해지는 분사 장치는 유용한 SMD의 변화를 볼 수 있다. 이는 이유체 분무장치 미립화 장치 분무특성 설계와 성능평가를 위한 중요한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.