• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles attached graphene (GR) composite was synthesized for an enhanced glucose biosensor. Aerosol spray pyrolysis (ASP) was employed to synthesize the GR-Pd composite using a colloidal mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and palladium chloride ($PdCl_2$) precursor. The effects of the weight ratio of the Pd/GR on the particle properties including the morphology and crystal structure were investigated. The morphology of GR-Pd composites was generally the shape of a crumpled paper ball, and the average composite size was about $1{\mu}m$. Pd nanoparticles less than 20 nm in diameter were deposited on GR sheets and the Pd nanoparticles showed clear crystallinity. The characteristic of the glucose biosensor fabricated with the as-prepared GR-Pd composite was tested through cyclic voltammetry measurements. The biosensor exhibited a high current flow as well as clear redox peaks, which resulted in a superior ability of the catalyst in terms of an electrochemical reaction. The highest sensitivity obtained from the amperometric response of the glucose biosensor was $14.4{\mu}A/mM{\cdot}cm^2$.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.488-499
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the characterization of organics solvent exposure among painting workers in the shipbuilding painting process, especially for their daily variations(within worker variance). Methods: Charcoal passive dosimeters were worn throughout each work shift for 20 days for five painting workers from October 19 to November 26, 2015. A total of 100 samples were collected, analyzed and compared with statutory workplace environmental measurements. Results: The geometric mean(GM) and geometric standard deviation(GSD) of mixed organic solvent(six substances) exposure index(EI) for the 100 samples were 0.42 and 4.42 respectively. The median and range of GSD for within worker EI representing five workers' daily EI variation is 3.72 and 2.63 ~ 5.20, respectively, which is classified as a very large variation(GSD>3). We were able to divide the painting process into two similar exposure groups(SEGs), Touch-up and Spray. Spray painting workers were much more exposed to organic solvent than Touch-up painting workers(GM=0.71 vs. 0.19), but less variably (GSD=3.64 vs. 4.10). xylene is the substance to which the workers were most exposed(GM=16.19 ppm, GSD=4.36), and the exposure characteristics of six substances including xylene is similar to those of EI. Conclusions: The daily variation of organic solvent exposure in the shipbuilding painting process is so high that statutory Assessment of Reliability of Work Environment Monitoring needs to be conducted with statistically sufficient number of samples and evidence.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

액체로켓엔진에 사용되는 2-유체 동축형 분사기의 분무 연소 특성을 수치적으로 해석하였다. 가스 역학적 상호작용에 의한 미립화 및 그에 따른 물리 현상들에 대해 유동에 대한 보존방정식과 이론식들을 적용, 수치화하여 액체 제트의 상태, 제트의 속도, 제트의 붕괴길이, 액적의 크기등을 예측 하였으며, 액체제트 분사공 크기에 따른 미립화의 변화를 고찰하였다. 모델 검증을 위하여 액체 제트의 접촉길이와 액적의 크기를 기존의 실험결과와 비교하였으며, 그 결과 정성적으로 일치함을 나타내었다. 액체 제트의 접촉길이는 분사공의 직경이 증가할수록 짧아지고 액적의 크기도 분사공의 직경이 증가할수록 작아진다. 액체 제트는 박리율 증가에 따른 분무화에 의하여 단면적이 감소되며, 그에 따른 질량유속의 보존과 가스로부터의 운동량 화산에 따라 미립화가 활발해지는 영역으로부터 그 속도가 급속히 증가된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.420-426
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• 2021

Graphene, a new material with various advantageous properties, has been actively used in various fields in recent years. Applications of graphene oxide are increasing in combination with other materials due to the different properties of graphene oxide, depending on the number of single and multiple layers of graphene. In this study, single-layer graphene oxide and multi-layer graphene oxide are spray coated on polystyrene, and the physicochemical properties of the coated surfaces are characterized using SEM, Raman spectroscopy, AFM, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and contact angle measurements. In single-layer graphene oxide, particles of 20 ㎛ are observed, whereas a 2D peak is less often observed, and the difference in surface height increases according to the amount of graphene oxide. Adhesion increases with an increase in graphene oxide up to 0.375 mg, but decreases at 0.75 mg. In multi-layer graphene oxide, particles of 5 ㎛ are observed, as well as a 2D peak. According to the amount of graphene oxide, the height difference of the surface increases and the adhesive strength decreases. Both materials are hydrophilic, but single-layer graphene oxide has a hydrophilicity higher than that of multi-layer graphene oxide. We believe that multi-layer graphene oxide and single-layer graphene oxide can be implemented based on the characteristics that make them suitable for application.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.247-260
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• 2010

한국원자력연구원 처분시스템개발과제에서는 처분용기 재료로 개발중인 저온분사코팅 구리에 대한 틈새부식(Crevice Corrosion) 시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험을 통하여 틈새에서의 부식의 발생여부와 발생되는 시점인 재부동태 전위(Repassivation Potential)를 측정하고자 하였다. 틈새부식 시험 방법으로 (1) ASTM G61-86 : Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements, (2) SWRI의 Potentiodynamic Polarization plus intermediate Potentiostatic Hold method, 그리고 (3) ASTM G192-08 (THE method) :Potentiodynamic- Galvanostatic -Potentiostatic Method 등의 3가지 방법을 소개하였다. 실제 저온분사 코팅구리의 부식시험에서는 ASTM G61-86에 따라서 틈새부식장치를 설치하고, 저온분사코팅구리가 KURT 지하수를 모사한 용액에서 어떻게 틈새부식이 일어나는지 살펴보았다. 전기적 부식조건으로는 Cyclic Polarization Test, Potentiostatic Polarization Test, 및 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 등을 사용하였다. 그리고 부식이 된 시편에 대해 Profilometer Measurement를 통해 실제 부식표면의 높낮이를 조사하여 틈새부식 유무를 관찰하였다. 최종적인 결론에서는 저온분사코팅구리는 틈새부식을 나타나지 않는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 시험에 사용된 세종류의 구리에 대한 상대적인 부식평가를 한 결과, 부식전위를 나타내는 개방회로(Open Cell)에서의 전위는 구리의 제조방식과 상관없이 구리의 순도가 높을수록 높은 값을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 KURT 심층지하수 조건에서는 구리는 틈새부식이 발생되지 않는다고 결론지었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 protease를 함유하고 있는 파인애플의 산업적 이용 증대 및 기능성식품 소재 개발을 목적으로 분무건조공정을 이용하여 파인애플 착즙액을 미세캡슐화 하였으며 미세캡슐 분말의 물리화학적 특성 및 protease 활성을 조사하였다. 파인애플 착즙액의 pH, 당도 및 protease 활성은 각각 pH 5.43, 12.80 및 4.82 unit/mL이었다. Protease 활성에 대한 최적 pH 및 온도는 각각 pH 7.0 및 $50^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 분석되었다. 파인애플 착즙액의 미세캡슐분말 제조는 말토덱스트린 및 알긴산을 피복물질로 사용하여 분무건조하였으며, 수분함량은 3.02~3.75%였다. 색도는 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말이 동결건조 분말에 비하여 L값 및 a값은 낮고 b값은 높은 경향을 나타내었는데 특히 말토덱스트린에 알긴산 3% 첨가시 선명한 노란색을 보여주었다. 입자크기는 동결건조 분말($501.57{\mu}m$)에 비하여 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말이 $42.58{\sim}53.32{\mu}m$로 유의적으로 작고 균일한 크기였으며, 입자모양은 전반적으로 구형의 형태를 보여주어 분말 흐름성이 양호할 것으로 판단되었다. 수분흡수지수는 말토덱스트린에 알긴산을 3% 첨가한 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말에서 0.41로 가장 낮은 지수를 나타내었으며 수분용해지수는 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말에서 98.22~99.76%로 나타나 동결건조 분말보다 우수하였다. 미세캡슐 분말의 protease 활성은 동결건조 분말(1,297.47 unit/g)이 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말(633.51~692.08 unit/g)보다 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었으나, in vitro 인체 내 소화모델에 대한 protease 활성의 안정성은 분무건조 미세캡슐 분말에서만 g당 23.70~100.83 unit의 효소 활성이 나타나 위액과 장액의 pH 환경에서 안정성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 피복물질로 말토덱스트린 및 알긴산을 첨가하여 분무건조시 식품산업 활용 측면에서 가공적성이 향상된 미세캡슐 분말의 제조가 가능하고in vitro 인체 내 소화모델에 대한 protease 활성의 안정성이 우수하여 기능성 식품 소재 개발에 있어 산업적으로 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2016

Many industrial processes require reliable temperature measurements in harsh environments with high temperature, dust, humidity, and pressure. However, commercially-available conventional temperature measurement devices are not suitable for use in such conditions. This study thus proposes a reliable, durable two-color radiation thermometer (RT) for harsh environments that was developed by selecting the appropriate components, designing a suitable mechanical structure, and compensating environmental factors such as absorption by particles and gases. The two-color RT has a simple, compactly-designed probe with a well-structured data acquisition system combined with efficient LabVIEW-based code. As a result, the RT can measure the temperature in real time, ranging from 300 to $900^{\circ}C$ in extremely harsh environments, such as that above the burden zone of a blast furnace. The error in the temperature measurements taken with the proposed two-color RT compared to that obtained using K-type thermocouple readouts was within 6.1 to $1.4^{\circ}C$ at a temperature range from 200 to $700^{\circ}C$. The effects of absorption by gases including $CO_2$, CO and $H_2O$ and the scattering by fine particles were calculated to find the transmittance of the two wavelength bands of operation through the path between the measured burden surface and the two-color probe. This method is applied to determine the transmittance of the short and long wavelength bands to be 0.31 and 0.51, respectively. Accordingly, the signals that were measured were corrected, and the true burden surface temperature was calculated. The proposed two-color RT and the correction method can be applied to measure temperatures in harsh environments where light-absorbing gases and scattering particles exist and optical components can be contaminated.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.225-225
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• 2013

Nanostructured noble metals have been attractive for their unusual optical properties and are widely utilized for various purposes. The optical properties mainly originating from collective electron oscillation can assist direct energy conversion via surface plasmon resonances. Here, we investigated the effect of surface plasmons of silver nanowires on the generation of hot electrons. It is reported that the surface plasmons of silver nanowires exhibit longitudinal and transverse modes, depending on the aspect ratio of the nanowires. In order to measure the hot electron flow through the metallic nanowires, chemically modified Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes were employed as the electric contact. The silver nanowires were deposited on a Au metal layer via the spray method to control uniformity and the amount of silver nanowire deposited. We measured the hot electron flow generated by photon absorption on the silver nanowires deposited on the Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes. The incident photon-to-current efficiency was measured a function of the photon energy, revealing two polarization modes of siliver nanowires: transverse and longitudinal modes. UV-Vis spectra exhibited two polarization modes, which are also consistent with the photocurrent measurements. Good correlation between the IPCE and UV-vis measurements suggests that hot electron measurement on nanowires on nanodiodes is a useful way to reveal the intrinsic properties of surface plasmons of nanowires.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: The conazoles, difenoconazole, diniconazole, hexaconazole, penconazole and tetraconazole are a large class of synthetic fungicides used extensively for foliage and seed treatments in agricultural crops. The extensive use of conazoles has brought concerns on the potentiality of environmental contamination and toxicity. Thus studies on the development of methods for monitoring the conazoles are required. METHODS AND RESULTS: A modified quick, easy, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was involved in sample preparation. Quadrapole time of flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF MS) in electron spray ionization (ESI) mode was employed to determine conazoles in garlic samples. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of conazoles by Q-TOF-MS ranged from 0.001 to 0.002 mg/L and 0.002 to 0.005 mg/L, respectively. Q-TOF-MS analysis exhibited less than 2.6 ppm error of accurate mass measurements for the detection of conazoles spiked at 0.05 mg/L in garlic matrix. Recovery values of conazoles fortified in garlic samples at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L were between 79.2 and 106.2% with a maximum 11.8% of standard deviation. No detectable conazoles were found in the domestic market samples by using the Q-TOF-MS method. CONCLUSION(s): High degree of confirmation for conazoles by accurate mass measurements demonstrated that Q-TOF-MS analysis combined with a QuEChERS method may be applicable to simultaneous determination of conazoles in garlic samples.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-32
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• 1999

The present study investigated the forms and behaviors of fuel during intake and compression process, and the initial flame stability in a lean burn engine modified as a single cylinder engine equipped with quartz windows for visualization. PLIF(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence) method with KrF Excimer laser was used for measuring the fuel distributions. The principal design concept of the lean burn nin in this study is the axial stratification in the fuel distribution via fuel injection during intake process and different shapes of intake ports; helical and straight. The experiments showed that fuel flowed in as a vapor state in the early part of intake process and lots of this mixture mated down along the intake valve side cylinder wall, but in the latter part, a lot of fuel flowed in as a liquid state and this fuel stayed in the upper part of cylinder, after that the dense fuel cloud moved upward in the early of part compression process. It became clear that the fuel flowed in via straight port had a important role in the axial fuel stratification.