• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to verify the experimental and numerical results of spray evolution injected from different types of the nozzle-hole geometries. Spray visualization was taken by high speed camera under the different conditions. For the simulations of spray tip penetration, turbulence, evaporation and break-up model were applied K-zeta-f, Dukowicz and Wave model, respectively. Also, the prediction accuracy of spray tip penetration was increased by varying the spray cone angle. At the same time, the results of this work were compared in terms of spray tip penetration, and SMD characteristics. The numerical results of spray evolution process and spray tip penetration showed good agreement with experimental one.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

백홀은 스월 인젝터의 새로운 기하학적인 설계요소로서 스월 인젝터 내부에 있는 와류실의 연직 주입구후방에 위치하는 추가적인 빈 공간을 총칭한다. 이 백홀은 분무각이나 평균액적지름(SMD), 혼합 특성과 같은 스월 인젝터의 분무 특성을 변화시키게 된다. 이러한 백홀의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 직$.$간접 촬영 기법 및 PDPA와 기계적 유량 포집기 등을 사용하여 수류실험을 수행하였다. 백홀이 스월 인젝터 내에 존재하게 되면 단위시간당 유량이 증가하게 되어 분무되는 유동의 중심부가 강화된다. 또한 백홀은 스월 인젝터의 유동 분무각을 조절할 수 있게 하고 그로 인하여 혼합 효율을 변화시킨다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2001

Vaporizing characteristics of two GDI injectors with different spray angles were investigated using exciplex fluorescence method. Injector I has narrower spray angle, while injector II has wider one. The exciplex system of fluorobenzene and DEMA in a non-fluorescing base fuel of hexane was employed. In quantifying concentration of fuel vapor, quenching of concentration and temperature was corrected. Droplet size and velocity were also measured by PDPA under non-vaporizing condition. From obtaining the images of liquid and vapor phases, vaporizing GDI sprays could be divided as two regions: cone and mixing regions. For injector I, vortex region was not developed. High concentration of fuel vapor due to vaporization of many fine droplets was distributed near the spray axis. For injector II, droplets with the diameter of about 10 $\mu$m were distributed in the vortex region. The vortex region had high concentration of fuel vapor due to vaporization of these droplets. Particularly, higher and lower concentrations of fuel vapor were balanced at 2ms after the start of injection for injector II.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2008

Numerical study on the impingement process and the fuel film formation of the hollow-cone fuel spray was conducted under vaporization condition, and the effect of the wall cavity angle on spray-wall impingement structure was investigated. A detailed understanding of this phenomena will help in designing injection systems and controlling the strategies to improve engine performance and exhaust emissions of the Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine. The improved Abramzon model was used to model the spray vaporization process and the Gosman model was adopted for modeling of spray-wall impingement process. The calculated results of the spray-wall impingement process were compared with experimental results. The velocity field of the ambient gas, the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and the generated fuel film on the wall, which are difficult to obtain by the experimental method, were also calculated and discussed. It was found that the radial distance after the wall impingement and the SMD decreased with increasing the cavity angle and the temperature.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.493-500
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• 2006

Investigation on the fuel adhering on a wall was carried out experimentally to clarify the characteristics of impinging diesel sprays. Diesel sprays were injected into a high-pressure chamber of cold state and impinged to a wall having various impingement distances and ambient pressures. Photographs of both the fuel film and the post-impingement spray were taken through a transparent wall. Adhered fuel mass on a wall was measured by means of dividing into two types of fuel state: the fuel film itself; and sparsely adhered fuel droplets. Adhering fuel ratio was predicted and further the distribution of fuel mass for impinging diesel spray was analyzed as a function of time. As result, with an increase of the ambient pressure, both the maximum fuel film diameter and the adhered fuel ratio decreased. Based on some assumptions, the adhering fuel mass increased rapidly until the fuel film diameter approached the maximum value, and then increased comparatively gradually.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-90
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• 2001

For the purpose of helping development of a GDI(Gasoline Direct Injection) engine, the in-cylinder phenomena, such as the spray behaviors and fuel distributions, unburned fuel, and flame characteristics were investigated in a single cylinder GDI engine. The GDI engine was equipped with a swirl type electronic injector and SCV(Swirl Control Valve). PLIF(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence) system with KrF Excimer laser was used for the measurements of the fuel distributions. The effects of the injector specifications, such as the spray cone angle and the offset angle on the fuel distributions and combustion characteristics were investigated. As a result, it was found that the injected fuel spray collided with the bottom of the bowl and moved upward along the exhaust side wall of the piston bowl. This fuel vapor played a important role in the instance of spark ignition. The injector specifications has a great influence on the flame characteristics.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Purdue 대학교의 Ismailov 등이 수행한 closed-type 스월 인젝터의 동특성에 대한 모델링 및 계산 결과를 실험을 통해 확인하고자 하는 과정의 일환으로 수행된 연구이다. Closed-type 스월 인젝터의 스월 챔버의 길이와 지름의 영향이 인젝터의 동특성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 스월 챔버의 길이와 지름을 변화시킬 수 있는 인젝터를 제작하였다. 이러한 과정에서 closed-type 스월 인젝터의 동특성에 대한 실험을 진행하기에 앞서서 정적인 분무 특성을 확인하였다. 인젝터 전단에 설치된 유량계를 통하여 유량을 확인하였으며, Lefebvre의 방식에 따라 closed-type 스월 인젝터의 오리피스에 전극을 설치하여 매니폴드 압력에 따른 액막 두께의 변화를 측정하였다. 또한 압력별로 촬영된 순간적인 분무 사진을 통하여 매니폴드 압력에 따른 분사각과 분열길이의 변화를 관찰하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2015

바이오디젤은 재생가능한 친환경적인 연료로서 화석연료의 대체에너지로 수송분야에서 각광받고 있다. 따라서 바이오디젤의 사용량은 향후 꾸준히 증가할 것으로 보이며, 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 순수 디젤 대비 바이오디젤이 질량기준으로 0%, 5%, 20%, 50%, 100% 혼합된 연료를 사용하여 분무 및 연소실험을 진행하고, 분무각, 평균 입경, 열발생율 등의 특성을 도출하였다. 실험 결과, 바이오디젤의 혼합률이 증가할수록 연료의 점도 및 밀도가 증가하여 분무각과 특정 위치에서의 평균 입경이 작아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 바이오디젤의 함산소 특성으로 인해 초기 연소가 촉진되며, 이로 인해 연소 종료 시점이 앞당겨 지는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

The object of this work is to analyze the macroscopic spray performance and atomization characteristics between diesel and biodiesel fuels. In this study, the effects of mixture ratios of biodiesel fuel on the spray tip penetration, fuel injection rate, spray cone angle, and the atomization characteristics such as droplet size, droplets distribution, and spray arrival time according to the axial distance were investigated at various injection parameters. It is revealed that the injection rate is more affected by injection pressure than mixture ratio. And, the spray development process is closely matched between diesel and biodiesel fuels. However, the droplet atomization characteristics of biodiesel shows deteriorated results as the mixture ratio of biodiesel increased because of the high viscosity and density.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2006

Numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the characteristics of the mist flow through the fire suppression nozzles. The commercial CFD software, FLUENT with the proper modeling was applied for analyzing both the internal and external flow of the spray nozzles. Computations were made for the full cone nozzle in the operation range of the low pressure and high flow-rate. To validate the present computational procedure, numerical results are compared with measurements in terms of K-factor, SMD, axial spray velocity and spray angles. Numerical results suggested that the present numerical model can be used as an adequate tool for a design purpose of mist-spray nozzles.