• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.488-499
• /
• 1996

Diabetes mellitus revealed a chronic disorder of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism characterized by insulin deficiency, and a striking tendency toward development of atherosclerosis, microangiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and recently cardiomyopathy etc. The mechanism of heart failure in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy is not clear but diabetic cardiomyopathy usually occurs in persons with long standing diabetes. After diabetes induced in made Sprague- Dawley strain rats by injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg), cardiac tissue with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain was examined at 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks later under light microscope. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In H&E stain of control group, myocardiac cells were shorter than skeletal muscle cell, which was branched out and connected each other at terminal with striation, intercalated disk and nucleus at center of cell. 2. In MT stain of control group, a few of collagen fibrile were seen at periva scular interstium, but wasn't seen between skeletal muscle fiber, and cardiac muscle was seen in various size. 3. In MT stain of experimental group, increased collagen fiber deposition at perivascular interstiums were seen periodically. 4. In MT stain of experimental group, increased collagen fiber deposition at interstitial matrix between perimyocardiac cells were seen at 3 day, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after DM induction. 5. In H&E stain of experimental group, partial degeneration of myocardiac cells was seen after 4 weeks of DM induction. From above results, streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus increased collagen around perivascular and between intercellular matrix in heart.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 1983

This experiment was performed to study the effect of $PGE_2$ on the bone resorption at the tooth movement by orthodontic force. The experimental animals were the Sprague-Dawley strain rats. The orthodontic force was applied by the insertion of separating clamp made of 0.014' (0.356mm) wire to the interproximal site between the 2nd and the 3rd upper right molars. In experiment I, $0.2{\mu}g,\;0.4{\mu}g,\;0.8{\mu}g,\;and\;1.0{\mu}g\;PGE_2$ were locally injected at the submucosa near the 2nd molar of the maxilla each. The effect was detected by the count of the number of osteoclasts appeared at the compressed surface of interradicular bone. In experiment II, 1.0 mg/kg indomethacin (a specificc inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetas.) was subcutaneously injected. The effect was examined by the count of the number of cateoclasts appeared at the compressed surface of interradicular bone. The obtained results were follows; 1. The number of osteoclasts on the compressed surface of the interradicular bone increased in proportion to the increased dosage of $PGE_2$ administered. The number of osteoclasts increased significantly at the administration of $0.8{\mu}g\;and\;1.0{\mu}g\;PGE_2$ in contrast to the control (P<0.05). 2. The administration of 1.0 mg/kg indomethacin decreased the number of osteoclasts at the compressed bony surface significantly (P<0.01).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 1997

The present study investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on periodontal wound healing of replanted rat tooth. 80 rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) weighting $130{\pm}5gm$ were selected and divided into experimental and control group, each group consisting of 40 rats. Rats were administered 0.4% ${\beta}$-aminoproprionitrile for 5 days to achieve gentle tooth extraction. The maxillary first molars were extracted under anesthesia with pentobarbital, washed in sterile distilled water, treated with bacterial collagenase to remove collagen fibers on the root surfaces. After washing in water overnight, the mesial root surface were demineralized by application of citric acid, washed, dried and stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Immediately after tooth extraction and bleeding control, the treated molars extracted previously from other rats were replanted. The experimental group was exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atm. for 2 hrs. a day during experimental period. Eight animals of each group were sacrificed 1, 3, 6, 8, 10 days after reimplantation of teeth by intracardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. The replanted molars and surrounding tissues were cut, demineralized, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with azan, toluidine blue and hematoxylin. Some other sections were stained by means of immunostaining achieved by the avidinbiotin complex method. The results as follows; 1. Experimental group showed fast healing of gingival epithelium. 2. Macrophage and newly formed blood vessels appeared early in the gingival connective tissue of experimental group. 3. Experimental group showed fast, abundant fibroblast proliferation and regularity of collagen fiber. 4. In both group, collagen was distributed along the collagen fiber. The distribution was strong and regular in the experimental group. 5. In the regenerated periodontal ligament of experimental group, fibers showed regular arrangement and invaded root surface fast.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.291-313
• /
• 1997

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary zinc and ethanol on the mineral contents of serum and changes of the liver tissue. Eighty male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain with average weight of 80$\pm$5g were divided into five groups according to zinc levels(5ppm and 100ppm), ethanol and isocaloric sucrose feedings. The rats were sacrificed after 4 and 7 weeks of feeding periods. The results are summarized as follows. 1. There was a decrease of weight gain in the ZD group compared with the C group and also decreased in the CE and ZDE groups fed the ethanol solution. The feed intake was decreased in the ZD and ZDE groups, and the feed efficiency was also greatly reduced in the ZDE group. 2. The liver weight of the ZD and ZDE groups was increased, however, the weight of testis was decreased in the same groups. And the weight of spleen was decreased in the ZD group. 3. The AST and ALT activities of serum were significantly increased in the ZDE group. 4. The content of serum zinc was influenced by the dietary zinc level, and the amount was significantly decreased in the ZD group. But the content of serum copper was remarkably increased in the ZD grou. The calcium and magnesium contents of serum were decreased in the ZD and ZDE groups. 5. The morphological changes of the liver tissue were not different among the C, CE and PF groups, but the abllooning denaturation of the liver cell together with the infiltration of the local inflammation cell was found in ZD and ZDE groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 1989

This study was performed to investigate lead(Pb) detoxification with different dietary protein levels and detoxifying periods in Pb poisoned rats. Forty nine male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 114$\pm$4g were used and they were fed 1% Pb-15% casein diet ad libitum for 2 weeks. After sacrifying 7 animals as control group, remaining forty two rats were blocked into 6 groups according to body weight. Three groups were fed each detoxifying diet(5%, 15% or 40% casein diet without Pb) for 1 week and the other 3 groups were fed same diets for 3 weeks. The results obtained were summerized as follows ; 1) Liver and kidney weight, bone weight, and bone length were increased with increasing dietary protein level and detoxifying period. 2) Hematocrit values were recovered to normal level during detoxifiying periods but hemoglobin contents in detoxifying diet groups showed no significant difference from those in control group. 3)Pb contents in blood were decreased with increasing dietary protein level, and Pb contents in liver were significantly decreased in high protein diet groups. Pb contents in kidney were significantly decreased during detoxifying period compared to control group, but no significant difference was shown within the detoxifying diet groups. Pb contents in femur were significantly decreased after 3 weeks of detoxifying period but no difference was shown with different dietary protein level. 4) Urinary Pb excretions were significantly increased with increasing dietary protein level. Fecal Pb excretions were remarkably decreased after 3 weeks of detoxifying period, but no difference was showen in fecal Pb excretions with different dietary protein level. Above results suggest that high protein diet improves Pb detoxification by increasing urinary Pb excretion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.687-698
• /
• 1994

The effects of age and dietary fatty acid composition on lipid metabolism were investigated in Sprague-Dawley strain male rats. These animals weighing 88.6$\pm$2.2g were fed 10% dietary fat(W/W, 20% of total energy) with 0.5, 1, 2 P/S ratio and in each P/S ratio there were three different levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio ; 2, 4, 8. The experimental period was 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The results of this study were as follows. The body weight of rats increased rapidly for the first two months, then increased slowly until 7 to 8 months. After 10 months of dietary regimen their weight decreased. The weight of liver, kidney and epidydimal fat pad increased along with the body weight and then decreased in the 12 months. Plasma total lipid increased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creasing n-3 fatty acid intake in each P/S ratio resulted in lower plasma total lipid although was not statistically significant. The amount of plasma total cholesterol increased at 6 months, but decreased at 12 months. In case of 1, 12 months, increasing P/S ratio significantly plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased and hepatic cholesterol was increased, VLDL-HDL-cholesterol did not changed. The n-6/n-3 ratio did not affect any of theses. The amount of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride increased at 6 month then decreased. When the rats consumed higher amount of n-3 fatty acid in each P/S ratio, their plasma triglyceride and hepatic triglyceride increased at 1, 12months.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.602-611
• /
• 1995

This study was designed to find out the effects of $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid from prenatal to growing period on the brain growth and behavioral development of rats. Rats(Sprague-Dawley strain) were fed experimental diets-fish oil, corn oil or beef tallow-with different contents of $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 fatty acids throughout the prenatal and lactational period and up to 10 weeks of age. DNA and RNA concentration of rat brain were determined at 0, 3, 6 weeks of age and choline and acetylcholine concentrations were analyzed at 10 weeks of age. When the rats were 7 weeks of age, position reversional test in a Y-shaped water maze for 4 weeks was measured. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows. Food intakes were significantly lower in fish oil group and body weight gain was low in the group fed beef tallow and the groups fed fish oil and corn oil were somewhat good. Food efficiency ratio was not significantly different among the groups. Brain weight was not affected by the fatty acid composition of experimental diets and DNA and RNA concentration of the rat brain were consistently maintained at the same level. It was not different significantly among the dietary groups in the DNA and RNA concentrations of the rat brain during the experimental period. The acetylcholine concentration in the fish oil group was somewhat higher than the other groups. The position reversional test in a Y-shaped water maze showed a significant difference the score of test among the experimental groups. The score of the rats fed the fish oil diet was significantly higher than the other groups and the concentration of acetylcholine in brain were too. Therefore the correlatin between the Y-shaped water maze test score and the acetylcholine concentratin in the brain was found. Above finding support the content that dietary fatty acid composition does not affect to the brain cell number and cell size but the behavior development is influenced. Therefore, the improvement of behavior development is required the effective usage of finny tribe.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 2000

This study was designed to observe the body growth and components of edible mugwort(Artemisia sp.) and medicinal mugwort(Kanghwa medicinal mugwort) . Twenty-four young rats of Sprague Dawley strain, body weight of about 89g were used in this study. They were fed on the basal diet(control diet) supplemented with 5% edible mugwort powder ( EM diet) and 5% medicinal mugwort powder( MM diet) for 4 weeks respectively. In proximate composition of nutrients of mugwort in dry basis(100g). crude protein (16.4g) and crude ash(11.8g) contents of EM were higher to about 2% than that of MM, but crude lipid content(4.3g) of EM was lower to about 2% than that of MM. However, the contents in calcium(6.9g) of MM was higher to 5.3 times than that of EM. but in Mn(17mg), Zn(0.5mg), Fe(131mg), Mg(337mg) of EM were higher to 2.8∼2.3 times and vitamin A(39,776 IU) of EM was higher to 2.9 times than that of MM respectively. Body wight gain rate and diet efficiency ratio of EM and MM diet group were similar to that of the control group. The contents of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen. creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, amylase, transaminase (GOT, GPT) in serum exhibited no remarkable difference among of the EM and MM diet group but the level of LDH activity of MM diet group were significantly lower than that of the control group and EM diet group.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2006

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. High dose vitamin C has been known to be a effective antioxidant activities against the paraquat intoxication. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of regular injection of high dose vitamin C on liver damage in paraquat poisoned rat model. Method: Fifty five rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into three groups: control group, only intraperitoneally injected saline; paraquat group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected saline; paraquat and vitamin C group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected vitamin C(72 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on the 12 hours, 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day, 7th day after injection and liver tissue was obtained. H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fiber detection were undertaken. The results were observed using the microscope. Results: 1. There were no differences between control and experimental group at the 12hours after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 2. There were significantly decreased liver damage in experimental group in the 1st day after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 3. There were significantly increased recovery of liver damage with time in experimental group after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular injection of high dose vitamin C is effective in decreasing liver damage in paraquat intoxication.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2006

Objective : An Intracranial aneurysm is an important acquired cerebrovascular disease that can cause a catastrophic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Atherosclerosis is one of possible mechanism, but its contribution to aneurysm formation is unclear. Human apolipoprotein E[apoE] is best known for its arterial protection from atherosclerosis. In this study we observe apoE expression in experimental cerebral aneurysms of rats to elucidate the role of apoE in the process of cerebral aneurysm formation. Methods : Twenty-four male 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley strain rats received a cerebral aneurysm induction procedure. One month[12] and three months[12] after the operation, the rats were killed, their cerebral arteries were dissected, and the regions of the bifurcation of the right anterior cerebral artery-olfactory artery [ACA-OA] bifurcations were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Results : In the 1 month group [n=12], the ACA-OA bifurcation showed no aneurysmal change in 7 rats and early aneurysmal change in 5 rats. In the 3 months group (n=12), the bifurcation showed no aneurysmal change in 2 rats and an advanced aneurysm in 10 rats. ApoE expression were in 3 specimen in early aneurysmal change, but not in advanced aneurysms. Conclusion : ApoE expression in early aneurysmal wall suggests a possible role for apoE in early events leading to aneurysm formation. Further studios are necessary to elucidate the exact role of apoE in the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysm.