• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the changes of mandibular condyle by low calcium diet and the effects of irradiation on the bone in osteoporotic state. In order to carry out this experiment, 80 seven-week old Sprague-Dawley strain rats weighing about 150 gm were selected and equally divided into one experimental group of 40 rats and one control group with the remainder. The experimental group and the control group were then subdivided into two group and exposed to irradiation. The two irradiation groups received a single dose of 20 Gy on the jaw area only and irradiated with a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. The rats in the control and experimental groups were serially terminated by fours on the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th, and the 21st day after irradiation. After termination, both sides of the dead rats mandibular condyle were removed and fixed with 10% neutral formalin. The bone mineral density of mandibular condyle was measured by use of dual energy X-ray bone densitometer(model DDX-alpha, Lunn Corp., U. S. A.). The mandibular condyle was radiographed with Hitex HA-80(Hitex Co., Japan). Thereafter, the obtained radiographs were observed, and the mandibular condyle was further decalcified and embedded in paraffin as the general method. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, PAS and Rabbit Anti-Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-a observed by a light microscope. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the non-irradiated group with the low calcium diet, the bone mineral density of the condyle was markedly decreased after 14 days, and decrease the number of trabeculae of the condyle and resorption of the calcified cartilaginous zone were observed after 3 days. On microscopic observations, the number nd size of trabeculae were decreased after 7 days of experiment. 2. In the irradiated group with the low calcium diet, the bone mineral density of the condyle was markedly decreased after 14 days and resorption of the calcified cartilaginous zone and decrease the number and coarse of the trabeculae of the condyle were observed. These findings were extended rather than in non-irradiated group with low calcium diet. On microscopic observations, many osteoclasts were detected and the number and size of trabeculae were somewhat decreased after 7 days. Also there was degenerative changes of tissues of bone marrow on the 14th day but that condition was restored on the 21st day of experiment. 3. In the irradiated group with normal diet, the bone mineral density of the condyle was somewhat decreased with times and degree of decrease of the number of trabeculae was somewhat larger than in the non-irradiated group with normal diet. On microscopic observations, the tissues of bone marrow were atrophic and degenerative changes but that condition was restored on the 21st day of experiment. 4. In immunocytochemical findings, in the irradiated and non-irradiated groups with low calcium diet, negative or partial positive response to TNF was observed, but positive response in the normal diet groups.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2010

The mammalian ovary is innervated by sympathetic and sensory neurons which contribute to regulating several aspects of ovarian function, including blood flow, steroidogenesis and follicular development. The existence of a neural connection between central neurons and the ovary has been rarely reported, but the mechanism underlying integration of ovarian activity to broader neuroendocrine responses has not been reported. We have now used a viral transneuronal tracing technique combined with a conventional retrograde labeling procedure of CT-HRP to demonstrate that oxytocin-producing neurons of the hypothalamus are synaptically connected to the ovary. Since ovarian activity is suppressed but the activity of oxytocin neurons is increased during breast feeding. Our finding that the oxytocinergic neural connection is likely to provide a direct transsynaptic mechanism by which the central nervous system maintains the state of infertility that accompanies lactation in mammals.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three different mulberry cultivars extracts on inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood flow improvement. Four groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The fifth group was sham operated. Sprague-Dawley strain female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups. sham-operated rats(Sham), ovariectomized control rats(OVX-Control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with 80% ethanol extracts from fruits of Tajikistan mulberry (OVX-TM), Korea mulberry (OVX-KM) and China mulbery (OVX-CM) at 200 mg/kg bw/d. The mulberry extracts were orally administrated at 1 ml per day. The body weights of OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all values (p<0.05). The serum triglyceride level was significantly decreased after supplemented with the CM and KM extracts. The serum HDL-cholesterol level in the OVX-KM group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-control group. The passage time of whole blood showed significant correlation with triglyceride but reverse correlation with HDL cholesterol. The ability of platelet aggregation of groups treated with mulberry extracts was less than OVX-control group. Taken these together, mulberry extracts may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2014

This study was to investigate the potential effects of fermented Angelica gigas Nakai (FAG) at 5% (w/w) levels in Sprague-Dawley strain rats, which were intoxicated with 1% (w/w) orotic acid (OA) for 10 days. The activities of several hepatic enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cholinesterase were increased when OA was treated, but these parameters were significantly decreased by FAG administration. OA treatment induced a significant increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, which was attenuated by FAG administration. Liver nonheme ion was decreased in the OA treatment group and was significantly increased in FAG administration, which suggests that lipid peroxidation contents are inversely correlated with liver nonheme ion content. The glutathione concentration was significantly decreased in the OA treatment group compared with the normal group, but this concentration was significantly increased in the FAG group, and it showed the antioxidant ability of glutathione. Based on these results, fermented Angelica gigas Nakai is a material with significant potential for development into a health food that can improve fatty liver conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soy protein hydrolyzate on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in the rat. Thirty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into five groups: casein, isolated soy protein (ISP), seoritae protein hydrolyzate (SH), soluble soy protein hydrolyzate (SS), and insoluble soy protein hydrolyzate (IS). The control diet (casein group) contained 20% casein protein and experimental diet contained 10% casein and 10% isolated soy-protein or soy-protein hydrolyzate. Fecal lipid content was increased and lipid apparent absorption rate was decreased significantly by the ISP group at the first week of experimental period. Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased by soy protein hydrolyzate groups than casein group. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were not different among groups, but showed decreasing tendencies in soyprotein hydrolyzate groups. The lipid lowering effect was prominent in the IS group among soy protein hydrolyzate groups. Total antioxidant activity showed increasing tendency in the seoritae hydrolyzate group. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities also showed higher tendencies in the seoritae hydrolyzate group than other groups. In conclusion, insoluble soyprotein hydrolyzate was more effective in lowering body lipids and seoritae hydrolyzate had higher antioxidant capacity among soy protein hydrolyzates.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.932-937
• /
• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang (CK) on the weight gains, serum and hepatic lipids levels were investigated in adult female rats fed the cholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley strain rats were given four different types of diet for 4 weeks, respectively: a normal diet, a control diet (10% fat + 0.5% cholesterol), a 5% or 10% CK diets (control diet + 5% or 10% CK powder). The body weights, food intake and food efficiency ratios, and the uterine fat pad weights of 5% CK and 10% CK groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower of the 10% CK group than those of the control group. The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the 10% CK group compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly increased in the 10% CK group compared with those in the control group. The fecal total lipid excretion of the 5% and 10% CK groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that the 10% cheonggukjang feeding decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index ratios in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.904-912
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of cordycepin-increased Cordyceps militaris strain on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6) based on six dietary categories: normal (N), $CCl_4$ control (C), $CCl_4$ plus Paecilomyces japonica (CPJ) (3%, w/w), $CCl_4$ plus C. militaris (CCM) (3%, w/w), and $CCl_4$ plus cordycepin-increased C. militaris ($CCM{\alpha}$) (3%, w/w). The activities of the liver marker enzymes ALT, AST, and LDH and the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the $CCl_4$-treated groups, but these parameters were significantly decreased in the $CCM{\alpha}$ group. The TBARS content in the liver homogenate, microsome, and mitochondrial fractions of the C group was significantly elevated compared with the N group. However, in the $CCl_4$-treated groups, $CCM{\alpha}$ group was significantly lowered in the TBARS levels of hepatic homogenate and microsomal fractions. The C group showed a significant decrease in the levels of plasma and hepatic glutathione, whereas they were significantly increased in the $CCM{\alpha}$ group. Accordingly, cordycepin-increased C. militaris may be an ideal animal model for studying hepatoprotective effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1989

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine and vitamin E on the lipid composition of serum and liver in cholesterol-fed rats. Thirty-five male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about $120{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into 5 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks. i.e. basal diet (Basal group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol (Basal+Chol. group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 0.25% caffeine (CF group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 400ppm vitamin E (VE group), and basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and caffeine plus vitamin E (CF+VE group). Net weight gain was significantly depressed only by caffeine supplementation. Serum total lipid was significantly decreased in VE and CF+VE groups. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were slightly increased by caffeine supplementation, whereas triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased in CF, VE and CF+VE group. Contents of crude lipid and TG in liver were significantly reduced by supplementation of vitamin E. No differences in liver cholesterol were found among experimental groups. Histologically, Basal+Chol. group showed a spotty necrosis, including a profuse fine microvaculoar lipid accumnlation. CF group exhibited a mild inflammatory infiltration, as well as macro- and microvacuolar lipid accumulation. But those were regenerated by supplementation of vitamin E.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1400-1405
• /
• 2007

The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid into n-3 fatty acid deficient diet on improvement of loaming related brain function was investigated. On the second day after conception, Sprague Dawley strain dams were subjected to a diet containing either n-3 fatty acid deficient (Def) or n-3 fatty acid deficient + docosahexaenoic acid (Def+DHA). After weaning, male pups were fed on the same diet of their respective dams until adulthood. Motor activity and Morris water maze tests were measured at 10 weeks old. In motor activity test, there were no statistically significant differences in moving time and moving distance between the Def and Def+DHA diet groups. The n-3 fatty acid deficient with DHA (Def+DHA) group exhibited a shorter escape latency, swimming time and swimming distance (P<0.05) compared to the n-3 fatty acid deficient group (Def) but there was no difference in resting time and swimming speed between the experimental diet groups. In memory retention trial, the number of crossing of the platform position (region A) was significantly greater than those of other regions for the Def+DHA group. However, the Def group swam randomly without preference for the provisions platform location, indicating poorer memory retention. From those results, supplementation with DHA into the n-3 fatty acid deficient diet improved the spatial loaming ability in rats as assessed by Morris water maze test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2000

Sulfamethazine sodium was orally administrated to sprague-dawley strain male rats(body weight, 200-300g) with using sonde at the rate of 20 mg/100g body weight(recommended therapeutic dose) on once a day for 3 days. There were investigated the depletion rate of the sulfamethazine in serum, liver and skeletal muscle of rat at the time 8 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th day after administration sulfamethazine sodium. 1. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in serum according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine soudijm were showed 215.53$\pm$42.99 ppm at the 8 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfamethazine residues in serum were significantly (p<.05) decreased 25.87$\pm$5.18 ppm at 1st day, 2.30$\pm$0.61 ppm at 3rd day and 0.11$\pm$0.02 ppm at 6th day after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. 2. The mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in liver were significantly (p<.05) decreased 81.77 $\pm$ 12.88 ppm to 0.11$\pm$0.03 ppm between 8 hours and 6th day according to the time lapsed after oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium for 3 days. 3. After oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium, the mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in skeletal muscle were significantly (p<.05) decreased 35.96$\pm$1.39 ppm to 0.009$\pm$0.001 ppm between 8 hours and 6th day after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. At the 4th day, the concentrations of sulfamethazine residues were showed 0.10 $\pm$ 0.04 ppm below 0.1 ppm at the permitted limit concentration of muscle in Korea. 4. After oral administration of the sulfamethazine sodium once a day for 3 days, there were showed the highest concentration in serum (215.53$\pm$42.99 ppm) than in liver(81.77$\pm$12.88 ppm) and skeletal muscle (35.96$\pm$1.39 ppm) at the 8 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfamethazine. The mean concentration of sulfamethazine residues in serum, liver and skeletal muscle were gradually decreased according to the time lapsed.