• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2008

Oxidative stress may represent a common link between chronic liver damage and hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated activity changes of sphingomyelin catabolic enzymes, such as sphingomyelinases and ceramidases by using dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-treated Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats hepatic fibrosis model as a hepatic fibrosis model. Twenty rats divided into five groups received: (1) saline; (2) DMN for 1 week, (3) DMN for 2 weeks, (4) DMN for 3 weeks, and (5) DMN for 4 weeks by intraperitoneally 10 mg/kg of body weight for three consecutive days a week. Activities of acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases and acidic, neutral and alkaline ceramidases were measured in the liver and kidney from DMN-treated rats. We found increased ceramidase activities from 2-week and/or 3-week DMN treated rat livers compared to control rat liver. Acidic sphingomyelinase and alkaline ceramidase activities were significantly increased in 3-week DMN-treated rat kidneys compared to control rat kidney. Therefore, sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes and sphingolipid metabolites are supposed to be involved in liver fibrosis, although further investigation is necessary to elucidate meanings of sphingolipids during the liver fibrosis

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1992

To study effects of wild garlic on components of lipid and protein, blood glucose level, and cholinesterase activity in rat's serum, Sprague-Dawley strain of 40 male rats are divided into 5 groups which are Normal, Control, A, B, and C group. Normal group is fed only Basal diet, and Control group is fed Basal diet and 0.5ml/day of 2.5% cholesterol solution, In addition to a diet of control group, A group is fed 25% wild garlic flour, B group 0.5ml/2day of concentratded wild garlic juice, C group 0.5ml/2day of concentrated ethanol extract of wild garlic, After 8 weesk the rats were fasted for 12 hours, and then decapitated to collect blood. The results of analysis of the rat's serum were summarized as follows, 1. Wild garlic diet, specially ethanol extract has an influence on decreasing the level of total cholesterol and blood glucose in rat's serum, 2. HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid content of rat's serum are increased by wild garlic diet. Therefore I think that wild garlic is good food for preventing development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the expression of neurotrophic factors after spinal cord injury. Sprague-Dawley male rats were given a spinal cord hemisection and randomly divided into 2 groups, the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered a fifteen minutes session of pulsed electromagnetic field once a day, five days a week. In order to observe the effect of these pulsed electromagnetic fields, this study observed the BDNF expression in the rat's lumbar spinal cord and the H&E staining in the gastrocnemius at 3, 7, 14, 21 days group after spinal cord hemisection. The results of this showed that the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord gradually increased in each group. At 21 days, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The morphological shape of the gastrocnemius was gradually changed from 3days to 21days, and the gastrocnemius at 21 days was significantly degraded. However, the experimental group showed a slightly more organized gastrocnemius than the control group at 21days. The Results of this study suggest that pulsed electromagnetic field application decreases the degeneration of a rat's gastrocnemius morphology, and increases the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord after spinal cord hemisection.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of the mandible of a growing rat when they are subjected to a retractive force and those after removal of the retractive force. The experimental animals were Sprague-Dawley male rats of four weeks of age. A mandible was retracted with 50 grams of force on each side in the posterior and superior direction for 8 hours per day. The animals were sacrificed after 1 week, 2-week and 4-week force application, and after 4-week force application-4-week force removal period. The changes of rat mandibular growth following retractive force on the growing rat mandible were observed histologically and biometrically. The findings were as follows ; 1. Histologically, the thickness of the condylar cartilage was slightly reduced in the anterosuperior region with the retractive force. However, in the group of 4-week force application-4-week force removal, there was no significant difference in the thickness of the condylar cartilage. 2. There were no significant histological changes in the articular disk and glenoid fossa through the experimental period. 3. The length and anterior height of the mandible subjected to the retractive force were significantly smaller and greater than those of the control group. 4. There were no significant differences in the mandibular length between 4-week force application - 4-week force removal and the control group. 5. It was concluded that a mandibular retractive force produced inhibitory effects in the growth of the mandible, but that these effects were not sustained during mandibular growth in this experimental model.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of present study is to examine the effect of methanolic extract from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (BF) on acute cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat caudate putamen (CPu), a major dopaminergic terminal. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection with either cocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) or saline 30 min after an administration of either extract of BF (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle. Animals were sacrificed 2 hr after treatment with cocaine or saline for immunohistochemistry. Quantification of brain slices was examined for c-Fos positive nuclei using light microscopy. Results : Pretreatment with BF significantly attenuated cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat CPu. Conclusions : This finding suggests that BF has the inhibitory effect on cocaine-induced c-Fos expression in the rat CPu via possibly modulating the activities of central dopaminergic systems.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2013

Dioscin is a biologically active steroidal saponin with anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the quantification of dioscin in rat plasma. Dioscin was extracted from rat plasma using ethyl acetate at acidic pH. The analytes were separated on a Halo C18 column using gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear ($r^2$ = 0.998) over the concentration range of 1-100 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL using 50 ${\mu}L$ of plasma sample. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra- and inter-assay at four QC levels were 1.3 to 8.0% and -5.4 to 10.0%, respectively. This method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of dioscin after oral administration of dioscin at a dose of 29.2 mg/kg in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.76-87
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• 2015

Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is highly increased in these days. We aimed to investigate therapeutic effect ofShinchulsanby observing changes in blood cells and the protein expression level of IL-4 in spleen of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods : Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitional and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% and 0.4% Ovalbumin solution. ThenShinchulsanwas orally administered only to the sample group for 28 days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline.Results : 1.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased eosinophil level on the serum of the rat model.2.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased IgE level on the serum of the rat model.3.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased the protein expression levels of IL-4 in spleen of the rat model.4.Shinchulsanhad no hepatoxicity, according to AST and ALT on the serum.Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered thatShinchulsanis helpful in treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. After single administration, Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity and safety of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. Methods : The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for the 15-day period following administration. At the end of observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results : Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. Conclusions : These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Bangpungtongsung-san (Fangfengtongsheng-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2007

This study investigated changes of mechanical characteristics of the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae of the ovariectomised (OVX) rat. In previous researches, there were many studies for morphology of osteoporotic bones based on Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT). However, there were few studies for detecting and tracking changes of mechanical characteristics of the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae of the OVX rat. For this study, the 4th lumbar of the OVX rat (female Sprague-Dawley) was utilized as a specimen. An OVX rat was scanned at week 0 (just before surgery), at week 4, and week 8 after surgery. Micro-finite element (${\mu}-FE$) analysis was used to investigate mechanical characteristics of the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae for an OVX rat. When the OVX rat (at week 8) was compared with the OVX rat (at week 0), the structural modulus of cortical and trabecualr bone was decreased by 52% and 99%, respectively. This study showed the change of mechanical characteristics of cortical bone as well as trabecular bone of an OVX rat. Detecting and tracking changes of mechanical characteristics could greatly contribute to an experiment test for the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae of an OVX rat by using In-vivo Micro-CT.