• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.125-129
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• 2004

The mold transformers have been widely used in underground substations in large building and have some advantages in comparison to oil-transformer, that is low fire risk, excellent environmental compatibility, compact size and high reliability. In addition, the application of mold transformer for outdoor is possible due to development of epoxy resin. The mold transformer generally has cooling duct between low voltage coil and high voltage coil. A mold transformer made by one body molding method has been developed for small size and low loss, but it needs some cooling method because heat radiation between each winding is difficult. The life of transformer is significantly dependent on the thermal behavior in windings. Many transformer designers have calculated temperature distribution and hot spot point by FEM(finite element method) to analyze winding temperature rise. In this paper, the temperature distribution and thermal stress analysis of 100kVA pole cast resin transformer for power distribution are investigated by FEM program.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

Nowadays most nations around the world including Korea have experienced absolute shortages of available urban space. To solve various problems of the city, each nation constantly tends to extend the underground space. However there is a serious problem in making use of the underground space. Especially new terrorism coming into existence after 9.11 terror turns into the so-called ‘soft target’ which has something to do with public transportation facilities available to most people. Good examples are like these: poisonous gas attacks in Tokyo subway in 1995, Daegu subway station fire in 2003, serial bomb blast of London subway in 2005. In spite of being a concern on incidents related to the underground space it is inevitable to utilize the underground space and the tendency is growing. But Korea lags badly behind in foreign countries in this field and so seeking measures is urgently needed. Therefore the aim of this study is to note visible damages stemmed from the domestic and foreign underground space and propose more effective and adequate measures. Safety measures of terrorism are associated to minimize damage out of terrorism and they are as follows. In the first place, preparing protective equipment for saving a life from fire attacks and poisonous gas is needed urgently. In the second place, counterpart management on the spot and systematic security training should be established in order to minimize injury. In the third place, fire escapes must be provided for a rapid evacuation of potential unspecified individuals. In the fourth place, building up a network of related institutions is required for a systematic omnidirectional counterpart. Finally the Korean government ought to take fast and appropriate actions for the injured and bereaved family of the terror incident.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.3 no.1 s.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

The 4S represents four systems that are commonly related to spatial information: GIS, GNSS, SIIS, ITS. The 4S technology that integrates the four systems gets more and more interests recently. In this paper, we adopt component paradigm to 4S system, apply it to the disaster control field, and design a system based on component architecture. There are many application areas to which the 4S technology can be applied. but the disaster control system is one of the most typical fields. We apply 4S technology to the disaster control fields, including fire, flood, and typhoon. Because of the characteristics of disaster control system that handles large-volume map data, component-based 4S system will take considerable effects on the improvement of disaster control works. The core functions that are common to all disaster control fields are included in 4S kernel component because of the consideration of time performance. Remaining non-common functions are implemented as separate components named as work-specific components. In our suggested system, a vehicle named as 4S-Van collects real-time information on the spot of disaster and sends image and location information to control center via wireless transmission. The control center analyzes the information together with its own spatial database or map, which was not possible in the conventional disaster control works. The control center can get desired information by sending a request of re-transmission to 4S-Van. Such method of real-time transmission supported by on-the-spot information makes the current situation judgment, decision making, and order issuance more exact, effective, and timely. The suggested system and method are expected to bring remarkable improvement on disaster control works.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2008

In order to protect Rescue 119 workers exposed on the spot from potential infection, this study identified their awareness and practices of infection control so that it could help preventing them from infection and also provide basic materials necessary for pre-hospital infection control. This study applied questionnaire survey to total 215 Rescue 119 workers at fire stations in Jeonbuk province, Jeonnam province and Gwangju city from July 14 to Sept. 14, 2006 for the benefit of data collection. The questionnaire about possible associations between awareness and practices of infection control consisted of total 46 times across 6 categories such as washing hands during emergency activities ; fluid therapy and injection ; respirator maintenance; individual hygienics ; disinfectant supplies and equipments maintenance ; and control of infectious wastes. And collected data were processed using SPSS statistic program to analyze frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and one-way ANOVA. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions : In terms of awareness about infection control, our respondents showed highest awareness about infectious waste control, and also showed highest level of practices in washing hands during emergency activities. Throughout all domains, awareness means were higher than practice means. In particular, infectious waste control was the domain of significant differences between awareness and practices. In terms of associations between awareness and individual characteristics, it was found that female rescue worker group and hospital/general hospital career group (before joining the Rescue 119) showed significantly higher awareness on statistic level. In regard to associations between individual characteristics and practices, it was found that female rescue worker group showed higher level of practices than male group on statistic level. This study also analyzed correlations between rescue workers' awareness and practice of infection control. As a result, it was found that the higher awareness was in correlations with the higher practices across all 6 domains including washing hands. In addition, the higher awareness of a questionnaire item was in significantly positive correlations with the higher practice of other items. However, our respondents showed high awareness about anti-infection, but low practices in reality. This indicates necessity of devising possible solutions to improve the practices as much as awareness. Especially, it was noted that major reasons for insufficient practices of infection control guideline come from unhabituated practices and lack of supports for infection-preventing supplies and protective device (mask, etc). Hence, it is necessary to provide more infection-preventing supplies for local rescue workers sufficiently, in parallel with steady habituation of infection control. Furthermore, it is required to manage and study infection control policies even at pre-hospital step in efforts for effective infection control, education and activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.110-116
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• 2007

There have been 3E problems of energy, economy and environment since the earth has its history. Especially, as the industrial society is highly developing, human need in daily life has also changed drastically. With the introduction of 40 hour working week system, more households enjoy picnics on weekends. More gas accidents take place on Saturdays and on Sundays than any other days of week. Consequently, this study tries to find out the influence of flame caused by the explosion of butane canister on the adjacent combustibles and people by simulating relevant quantity of TNT. In addition, the damage estimation was conducted by using API regulations. If the scale of the radiation heat is known by calculating the distance of flame influence from the explosion site, the damage from the site can be easily estimated. And the accident damage was estimated by applying the influence on the adjacent structures and people into the PROBIT model. According to the pro bit analyze, the spot which is 50cm away from the flame has 97% of the damage probability by the first-degree burn, 8% of the damage probability by the second-degree burn and 4% of the death probability by the fire.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose IoT based smart CCTV security service to prevent crime in blind spot and prevent unexpected fire or danger. In the proposed method, a RC (Radio Control) car is made using Raspberry pie, and a camera and various modules are installed in an RC car. It was then implemented using Raspbian O / S, Apache Web Server, Shell script, Python, PHP, HTML, CSS, Javascript. The RC car provides a security service that informs the manager of the situation by judging the risk of the scene with modules such as video, voice and temperature. Experimental results show that the transmission time of video and audio information is less than 0.1 second. In addition, real-time status transmission was possible in AVG, emergency, and manual mode. It is expected that the proposed method will be applied to the development of smart city by applying it to unmanned vehicles, drones and the like.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) vehicles in metropolitan area are being applied to improve air quality and have been proven effective for the reduction of air pollutant. In addition, LPG demand is growing rapidly as an environmentally friendly energy source and its gas station is also increasing every year. Consequently, this study tries to find out the influence of flame caused by the VCE(Vapor Cloud Explosion) in filling station on the adjacent combustibles and people by simulating relevant quantity of TNT. In addition, the damage estimation was conducted by using API regulations. If the scale of the radiation heat is known by calculating the distance of flame influence from the explosion site, the damage from the site can be easily estimated. And the accident damage was estimated by applying the influence on the adjacent structures and people into the PROBIT model. According to the probit analyze, the spot which is 30m away from the flame has 100% of the damage probability by the first-degree burn, 99.2% of the damage probability by the second-degree burn and 93.4% of the death probability by the fire.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2006

Eighty-five percent methanol extract of Agrimonia pilosa has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans (bacterial leaf spot pathogen), Ralstonia solanacearum (tomato bacterial wilt pathogen) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Tobacco wild fire pathogen.). The active substance was purified by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The molecular weight of the active compound was determined by LC-Mass as 687.2. With NMR analysis, the active substance was identified as Agrimol B.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-380
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• 2002

This study was to develop and evaluate injury prevention education proposal which will helpful and can be utilized directly on the first line spot for elementary school children. Education proposal development and evaluation process was 1) Construction of 10-times education proposal contents proper to schooler 2) Testify validity through 3 pediatric nursing professor and 4 elementary school nurse 3) Pretest was done from March, 2002 to July on 3-6th grade 313 elementary school students 4) Through correction and revision after pretest evaluation meeting, final injury prevention education proposal was developed 5) After 10-times injury education, evaluation was carried out about the degree of help in education contents and general constitution of injury education to total subjects of educated children. Injury prevention education proposal consists of 10 times and each subjects are followings. 1st is 「introduction of injury prevention education and the importance of injury prevention」 2nd is「safety in and around home」, 3rd is 「injury prevention in school」, 4th is 「prevention of violence」, 5th is 「motor vehicle safety」, 6th is 「water safety」, 7th is 「prevention of fire and burns」, 8th is 「toy and product safety」, 9th is 「sports and recretional activities safety」and the final 10th is 「injury prevention caused by animals」. In the evaluation, the degree of help in education contents showed it helped to children averaged 1.66 and general constitution showed averaged 2.17 that children satisfied about developed injury prevention proposal. This study expected to provide systematic and concrete guidance in injury prevention education for elementary school children.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.199-212
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• 2001

This research, aiming at analyzing the Emergency Medical Technicians' duties prior to establishing a baseline for question development in the national exams to qualify for the EMTs, investigated the importance and frequency per unit specified in the description with the EMTs to be subjects working on the task spot by means of questionnaires. The EMT duties were classified into 9 items like 1) the notification and response, 2) the scene size-up, 3) the patient assessment, 4) the emergency care, 5) the patient transport, 6) the duties at hospital clinics, 7) the operational management, 8) the receiving and responding to a call, 9) the self-development, and put the functional tasks into 52 items, describing the task elements into 177 items, and then questioned 112 EMTs working on the spot from July 21 through August 30, 2000, which showed the following results. 1) The distribution of subjects' career showed the highest rate with 33.9% for those who careered "less than a year", only 13.4% for those with more than 4 years and the highest rate with 43.8% for those who aged at 20-25. And 70.5% of all those who were questioned was the junior college graduates, 58.9% for those working at fire station and 29.5% working at hospital clinics. 2) Looking at the distribution of frequency and importance for each task element, questioning 'the patients main symptoms', 'accidental type', 'place of the patients identification' showed the highest rate in both frequency and importance in the field of "notification and response". 3) In the "scene size-up", identifying the patients showed the highest rate of frequency and importance, compared to other field of tasks, among which "identifying the patients' state" showed the highest rate of frequency (2.66) and importance (2.81). 4) In the "patient assessment", "identifying the patients" showed the high rate of frequency and importance in most elements of task, especially the importance showed the highest rate with 2.83 for the task of airway management and the cervical immobilization during "the primary assessment", and the frequency showed the highest rate for questioning the past case of the task of grasping the patients' history. 5) In the "emergency care", "the management of the heart attacked patients" and "the advanced cardiac life support" showed a high rate in the importance, whereas the frequency showed a very low rate. The high rate of frequency during the emergent task was the management of "musculoskeletal system injury patients" and of "the gastro-intestinal and urinary genital system injury patient support." In care of the patients with heart attack, the management of the airway showed the highest rate with 2.95, whereas the management of alcoholic abused patients and of dying patients, showed comparatively lower rate of assessment in the importance. The frequency of tasks showed the highest rate with 2.69 in the control of bleeding and the lowest with 0.47 in the management of abnormal delivery of child. 6) As to the patient transport, "the emergency transport" showed the highest rate with 2.74 and the unemergent transport with 2.55 in the importance, and the task importance at hospital showed the highest rate with 2.89 in managing the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and with 2.60 in identifying the patient state. 7) Of all the tasks related with "operational task", the high importance was to "educate for the management of the first responder", but the frequency of tasks mostly showed a low rate and "receiving and responding to a call" showed relatively a high rate of importance and frequency. And related with "the self-development", "the health care management" and "the stress control" on working spot showed a high rate, but the frequency mostly showed a low rate.