• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2006

In this paper, for the purpose of investigation the acoustic emission(AE) behaviors during resistance spot welding process and tension test of spec steels. As the results present the resistance spot welding method that can get suitable welding qualities or structural integrity estimating method. The resistance spot welding process consists of several stages: set-down of the electrodes; squeeze; current flow; forging; hold time; and lift-off. Various types of AE signals are produced during each of these stages. For tensile-shear test and cross tensile test in resistance spot welded specimens, fracture pa 야 ems are produced: tear fracture; shear fracture; and plug fracture. Tensile-shear specimens strength appeared higher than cross tensile specimens one. In case of tensile-shear specimen happened tear fracture that crack happens in most lower plate. Also, in case of cross tensile specimens, upper plate and lower plate are detached perfect fracture was exposed increases a little as acting force is lower than ordinary welding condition. Therefore, the structure which is combined by resistance spot welding confirmed that welding design must attain so that shear stress may can interact mainly.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1999

Resistance spot welding process is completed in very short time and there are many factors affecting on the generation of heat. It is difficult to control these experimental factors and monitor distribution of the temperature and stresses in the experimental analysis case. and too much time and expense are required for the experimental trials to fine proper welding condition. So numerical analyses have been attempted steadily, but most numerical analyses on the resistance spot welding are mainly focused on thermal behavior. Therefore, in this paper, the numerical analysis of mechanical behavior as well as heat conduction is carried out for the spot welding process. For this numerical analysis, axial symmetric computer program for the spot welding analysis by F.E.M. has been developed considering heat conduction and thermal elastic-plastic theory. Material properties depending on temperature such as density, heat conductivity, heat expansion coefficient, specific heat, yield stress, elastic modulus, and specific resistance are considered. Using the results of temperature distribution obtained from heat conduction analysis, the thermal elastic-plastic analysis is carried out to clarify mechanical behavior of spot welded specimen. In order to evaluate the effect of residual stresses, numerical analyses are carried out under tension-shear load in two cases respectively; one with residual stress, the other without residual stresses.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
• /
• pp.91-93
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of stiffener configuration welded to the plate on the fatigue strength. Nominal stress and hot spot stress for the stiffened plate under pure bending condition were evaluated using FEA and experiment and fatigue test for each specimen was performed. For S and SD type, the fatigue strength increase with a decrease in the nominal stress and hot spot stress. D type with doubler plate was found to have the lowest value of nominal and hot spot stress for a given condition. However its fatigue strength was smaller than the others.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2011

In this study, the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Mg alloy sheets has been tried using an apparatus devised with a CNC milling machine to give the precise control of joining condition including tool speed. The probe tool used is made of hard metal and composed of cylindrical shoulder and pin parts. The variation of morphologies formed after the friction stir spot welding depending on the plunge speed of the tool were investigated at each rpm of tool. The history of the temperature distribution and the vertical load induced during the spot welding with friction time were measured by using an Infrared Thermal Imager (THERMA CAMTM SC2000) and a loadcell located below the specimen fixture, respectively. Tensile-shear tests were also performed to evaluate the fracture load of welded specimens. In order to characterize the friction stir spot welding of Mg alloy sheets, the variation of the fracture load was discussed on micrographic observations, temperature distribution during the FSSW according to the plunge speeds of tool.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 1997

Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry(ESPI) using the Model 95 Ar. laser, a video system and an image processor was applied to the in-plane displacement measurements. Unlike traditional strain gauges or Moire method, ESPI method requires no special surface preparation or attachments and can be measured in-plane displacement with no special surface preparation or attachments and can be measured in-plane displacement with no contact and real time. In this experiment specimen was loaded in parallel with a loadcell. The specimen was the cold rolled steel sheet of 2mm thickness, which was attached strain gauges. The study provides an example of how ESPI have been used to measure strain displacement in this specimen. The results measured by ESPI compare with the data which was measured by strain gauge method in tensile testing.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.2703-2714
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석을 통해 점용접된 정사각 모자형 박판튜브의 적정 용접간격을 제시해보았다. 적정 용접간격은 에너지흡수 측면에 기준을 두었다. 이를 위해 먼저, 실제 압괴특성을 반영하는 유한요소 모델이 확립하였다. 실제 압괴 특성을 반영하는 유한요소 모델은 본 연구에서 수행된 실험결과에 기초하여 설정하였다. 이 과정에서 다음과 같은 결과들을 도출하였다. (1) 모자형 박판튜브의 압괴해석시 원활한 접힘을 유도하고 과도변형과 접촉에 의한 수치오류 및 비정상 압괴거동을 방지하기 위해 적정 요소크기와 해석시간에 대한 예비연구가 필요하다. (2) 다양한 용접간격의 유한요소모델들에 대한 압괴해석을 거쳐 주어진 폭에 대해 최대 에너지 흡수 용접간격 [식 (1)]을 제시하였다. 또한 최적용접 간격의 모자형 박판튜브는 후폭비 (t/w)가 커질수록 에너지흡수능력 이 증가한다. (3) 다양한 두께와 폭을 갖는 사각튜브에 대한 유한요소해석을 통해, 사각튜브 흡수에너지 예측에 있어 평균압괴하중 방법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 이를 토대로 후폭비항으로 표현되는 수정된 평균 압괴하중으로 최적용접간격을 갖는 모자형 박판튜브의 흡수에너지식 (5)를 제시하였다. 식 (5)의 적용시, 주어진 폭에 대해 (최적)용접간격을 유지함과 동시에 식 (6)의 한계후폭비를 만족해야 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2006

While it is known that the weld toe grinding method may give 3.4 times of fatigue strength improvement, this improvement may significantly vary according to weld bead shapes and loading modes. Although tremendous interest have been given in improving fatigue strength improvement for ship structures, quantitative results are yet in need. In this context, a series of fatigue tests is carried out for a type of test specimen that are typically found in ship structures. Weld burr grinding is carried out using a electric grinder in order to remove surface defects and improve the weld bead profile. The test results are compared with the same type of test specimen without applying the fatigue improvement technique in order to obtain a quantitative measure of the fatigue strength improvement. On the other hand, both hot spot stress and structural stress methods are employed to compare the effectiveness of the two methods in evaluating the fatigue strength improvement of welded structures.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.76-86
• /
• 1994

Spot welding behavior of galvanized steel has been studied using both numerical and experimental techniques. The model that used to calculate temperature distribution within weldment is two-dimensional axis-symmetric finite difference method, and nugget sizes of specimen welded in condition of welding current and time has been estimated by experiment Results have shown that nugget sizes are increased in proportion to welding current and time, but the growth rate of nugget is decreased. Shear-tensile strength tests have shown interface fracture when welding current is 7, 9KA, welding time is 8-14cycle and 11KA, 8-10cycle respectively, but above 7, 9KA fracture shows button type. In button fracture, shear-tensile strengths have been proportional to nugget sizes.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 2011

Nondestructive instrumented indentation test is the method to evaluate the mechanical properties by analyzing load - displacement curve when forming indentation on the surface of the specimen within hundreds of micro-indentation depth. Resistance spot welded samples are known to difficult to measure the local mechanical properties due to the combination of microstructural changes with heat input. Particularly, more difficulties arise to evaluate local mechanical properties of resistance spot welds because of having narrow HAZ, as well as dramatic changed in microstructure and hardness properties across the welds. In this study, evaluation of the local mechanical properties of resistance spot welds was carried out using the characterization of Instrumented Indentation testing. Resistance spot welding were performed for 590MPa DP (Dual Phase) steels and 780MPa TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels following ISO 18278-2 condition. Mechanical properties of base metal using tensile test and Instrumented Indentation test showed similar results. Also it is possible to measure local mechanical properties of the center of fusion zone, edge of fusion zone, HAZ and base metal regions by using instrumented indentation test. Therefore, measurement of local mechanical properties using instrumented indentation test is efficient, reliable and relatively simple technique to evaluate the tensile strength, yield strength and hardening exponent.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2020

The grid structures with welded hollow spherical joint (WHSJ) have gained increasing popularity for use in industrial buildings with suspended cranes, and usually welded with steel tube (ST). The fatigue performance of steel tube-welded hollow spherical joint (ST-WHSJ) is however not yet well characterized, and there is little research on fatigue life prediction methods of ST-WHSJ. In this study, based on previous fatigue tests, three series of specimen fatigue data with different design parameters and stress ratios were compared, and two fatigue failure modes were revealed: failure at the weld toe of the ST and the WHSJ respectively. Then, S-N curves of nominal stress were uniformed. Furthermore, a finite element model (FEM) was validated by static test, and was introduced to assess fatigue behavior with the hot spot stress method (HSSM) and the effective notch stress method (ENSM). Both methods could provide conservative predictions, and these two methods had similar results. However, ENSM, especially when using von Mises stress, had a better fit for the series with a non- positive stress ratio. After including the welding residual stress and mean stress, analyses with the local stress method (LSM) and the critical distance method (CDM, including point method and line method) were carried out. It could be seen that the point method of CDM led to more accurate predictions than LSM, and was recommended for series with positive stress ratios.