• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.448-451
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• 2006

To investigate the hypotensive effect of germinated brown rice, spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed with experimental diets for 6 weeks; control group fed with standard diet, rice group fed with diet containing 50% rice, brown rice group fed with diet containing 50% brown rice and germinated brown rice group fed with diet containing 50% germinated brown rice. Body weight gain and FER (food efficiency ratio) of germinated brown rice group, $86.3\;{\pm}\;11.1\;g$ and $10.4\;{\pm}\;1.4%$, were significantly lower than those of other groups. Systolic blood pressure of germinated brown rice group after feeding for 6 weeks was $169.2\;{\pm}\;6.2\;mmHg$, which was significantly lower than those of other groups and decreased largely compared to that of beginning stage. And blood triglyceride of germinated brown rice group, $138.4\;{\pm}\;29.5\;mg/dL$, was significantly lower than those of other groups, but all groups didn't s show significantly difference in total and HDL-cholesterol of blood. These results suggested that germ mated brown rice had hypotensive effect on spontaneously hypotensive rats.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1347-1350
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.236.2-236.2
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• 2007

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1989

$Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange process in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto normotensive(WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) was investigated. The sarcolemmal fractions isolated after homogenization and sucrose density gradient centrifugation were enriched with 5'-nucleotidase and ouabain sensitive, $K^+-dependent$ phosphatase activities. When the vesicles were loaded with $Na^+$, a time dependent $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was observed. However, very little $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was observed when the vesicles were loaded with $K^+$, or $Ca^{2+}$ uptake of the $Na^+-loaded$ vesicles was carried out in high sodium medium so that there was no sodium gradient. When the vesicles loaded with $Ca^{2+}$ by $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange were diluted into potassium medium containing EGTA, $Ca^{2+}$ was rapidly released from the vesicles. $Na^+-dependent\;Ca^{2+}$ uptake was increased in SHR compared to WKY, but passive efflux of preaccumulated $Ca^{2+}$ from the vesicles was decreased in SHR. The data indicate that the membrane vesicles of rat mesenteric arteries exhibit $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange activity. It is also suggested that changes of this process in vascular smooth muscle cell membrane of SHR may be involved in higher intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and higher basal tone in SHR.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.732-737
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• 2008

This study developed a natural ingredient as a functional food possessing properties of attenuation of hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy. In a previous study hydrolysates obtained from chicken leg bone protein using Alcalase strongly inhibited angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro. In particular, hydrolysate (A4H) from four hours of incubation exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.545 mg/ml). A4H was selected as a potent ACE inhibitor and orally administrated to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for eight weeks to investigate attenuating effects on age-related development of hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy. Results showed that treatment with A4H of SHRs attenuated the development of hypertension as effectively as the clinical antihypertensive drug captopril. Moreover, a significantly lower heart to body weight ratio and thinness of coronary arterial wall was observed in SHRs that had been treated with A4H or captopril. The results suggest that A4H can be utilized in developing an ACE inhibitor as a potential ingredient of functional foods to alleviate hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 1993

The present study was carried out to determine the effects of cocaine (0.25, 1.0, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) on the interactions between spontaneously active neurons within ensembles of simultaneously recorded neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (Sl, n= 20) and the ventroposterolateral (VPL, n= 16) thalamic nucleus of awake rats. Spike triggered cross correlation histograms were constructed between pairs of simultaneously recorded neurons. Among 101 neuronal pairs analyzed, 22.7% showed correlations indicative of various functional connections among the cortical cells, two corticothalamic interactions and one thalamocortical excitatory interaction. There were also 15 cofiring activities among SI cortical cells. These functional connectivities appeared to be modulated (weakened, abolished, or strengthened) during the 5 to 30 min following cocaine injection. The effects of saline were tested as a control, but it did not appear to alter the functional connectivities. In general, cocaine-induced changes of the functional interactions were mainly due to the concomitant alterations of the uncorrelated background discharges. These results suggest that the biphasic effects of cocaine on the spontaneously established neural networks among the SI cortical and the VPL thalamic cells of conscious rat were mainly indirect. However, various changes of the functional interactions by different doses of cocaine appeared to be a possible neural network mechanism for the cocaine induced modulation of afferent somatosensory transmission.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.273-281
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• 2017

To date, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) after birth have been managed with a combination of endotracheal intubation, surfactant instillation, and mechanical ventilation. It is now recognized that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants is a reasonable alternative to elective intubation after birth. Recently, a meta-analysis of large controlled trials comparing conventional methods and nasal CPAP suggested that CPAP decreased the risk of the combined outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death. Since then, the use of NIV as primary therapy for preterm infants has increased, but when and how to give exogenous surfactant remains unclear. Overcoming this problem, minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) allows spontaneously breathing neonates to remain on CPAP in the first week after birth. MIST has included administration of exogenous surfactant by intrapharyngeal instillation, nebulization, a laryngeal mask, and a thin catheter. In recent clinical trials, surfactant delivery via a thin catheter was found to reduce the need for subsequent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, and improves short-term respiratory outcomes. There is also growing evidence for MIST as an alternative to the INSURE (intubation-surfactant-extubation) procedure in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with RDS. In conclusion, MIST is gentle, safe, feasible, and effective in preterm infants, and is widely used for surfactant administration with noninvasive respiratory support by neonatologists. However, further studies are needed to resolve uncertainties in the MIST method, including infant selection, optimal surfactant dosage and administration method, and need for sedation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.148-159
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• 2003

Objective: This study examines the effects of acupoint combination on NADPH-diaphorase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in the brainstem of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: The changes of NADPH-d-positive neurons using a histochemical method and the changes of nNOS-positive neurons using an immunohistochemical method were evaluated. The optical densities of NADPH-d-positive neurons and nNOS-positive neurons of the Choksamni(ST36) Umnungchon(SP9) groups were significantly increased in all brainstem areas as compared to the Choksamni and Choksamni Kokchi(LI11) groups and decreased, with the exeption of the nNOS-positive neurons in the superficial gray of superior colliculus, as compared to the normal group. Results: Our results demonstrated that electroacupuncture changes the activity in the NO system in the brainstem of SHR and the acupoint combination is one of the important parameters for this effect.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of Geumgoeshingi-whan (GGSGW) Pharmacopuncture at the acupoint GV 4 on the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: SHR were injected with normal saline solution (Control-SHR group)or GGSGW Pharmacopuncture (GGSGW-SHR group) at the acupoint GV 4. The systolic arterial blood pressure and renal parameters were measured for two weeks. Results: The systolic arterial blood pressure was decreased significantly after GGSGW Pharmacopuncture at the acupoint GV 4 in SHR, followed by a significant rise in creatine clearance. The plasma levels of aldosterone were decreased significantly after GGSGW Pharmacopunctureas were the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Conclusion: These results suggest that the blood pressure was decreased significantly after GGSGW Pharmacopuncture at the acupoint GV 4 in SHR and that the depressor response of the blood pressure was related to decreases in the plasma levels of aldosterone and ANP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.300-300
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• 1994

$Na^{+}$,$K^{+}$-ATPase activity, $Na^{+}$-dependent phosphorylalion, and [$^3$〕ouabain binding in sarcolemma prepared from 4 week old spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) ventricles were compared to the same parameters in sarcolemma from age matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rat ventricles to examine whether the reduced myocardial $Na^{+}$-pump activity in SHR is an inherited enzymatic defect or a second phenomenon due to sustained hypertension. The total body weights, ventricular weights, and blood pressures were the same for SHR and WKY. No significant differences in sarcolemmal protein content and protein recovery were noted between the two pups. Sarcolemma isolated from SHR ventricles showed sigificantly less $Na^{+}$,$K^{+}$-ATPase activity and number of phosphorylation sites when compared to snrcolemma 1mm the WKY ventricles. Equilibrium binding of [$^3H$〕ouabain and the turnovcr number of myocardial $Na^{+}$,$K^{+}$-ATPast however, wee the same for both groups. These results. indicate that the low affinity(${\alpha}$, or ${\alpha}_1$) isoform for ouabain is reduced in SHR compared to WKY but that the high affinity(${\alpha}$+, or ${\alpha}_2$) isoform is the same in ventricles of SHR and WKY. The reduced amount of at isoform of the $Na^{+}$,$K^{+}$-ATPasc in prehypertensive SHR ventricles may play some pole in the development of hypertension.