• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.337-345
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• 2017

The sponge city construction is being carried out in China, and how to reasonably determine the scale of the sponge city facilities is a key point that the planners and designers should seriously solve. In this paper, taking determination of the sponge city facilities in a residential building in Shenzhen as an example, the layout and scales of the rainwater tanks, raingardens, ecological roofs and permeable pavements are decided by using the volumetric method and stormwater management model (SWMM). The calculated results by the two methods are compared and analyzed. The results show that the scales of the sponge city facilities determined by the two methods are almost the same, and it means that any method can be used to determine the scale of sponge city facilities. The volumetric method is relatively simple, and it is suggested to use to determine the scale of sponge city facilities during planning stage. While SWMM is more complex and requires a lot of input conditions, but it can provide the reduction effects of the sponge city facilities for rainfalls with different recurrence periods. Therefore, SWMM is recommended to use the calculation of the hydrological process of the sponge city facilities during the design stage.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.346-352
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• 2017

This study discusses application of the storm water management model (SWMM) to designing the sponge city facilities in the Athletes Village of Military World Games in Wuhan in October 2019. The SWMM was used to simulate the runoff processes and reduction efficiencies of the sponge city facilities. The runoffs of the sponge city facilities were compared with those of traditional drainage system for the design rainfall of 35.2mm and the rainfalls with different recurrence periods. The results show that the hign density sponge city facilities could meet the requirements for 80% of annual runoff control rate, SWMM can determine the scales of the sponge city facilities and effectively simulate the hydrological processes for different layout schemes. The simulation model is also helpful to making optimization of the sponge city facility layout.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.353-361
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• 2017

In order to improve the urban ecological environment, the central government has developed a series of water pollution control policies and measures since April 2015, and required local governments to complete the work of the polluted river and lake restoration within specified period. Moreover, the polluted river and lake restoration has been selected as a key evaluation indicator of achievements of the sponge city construction implemented since April 2015. This paper describes how to apply the sponge city construction technology to rehabilitate the polluted rivers and lakes through the polluted water treatment project in Xinghan New Area, Hanzhong and the polluted Huaguping River restoration project in Pingshan District, Shenzhen. The experience and lessons of the polluted river and lake restoration are summed up. Some measures to solve existing problems are put forward.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 1980

This present study was undertaken to assess the effect of sterilization of the thermometer with three sorts of disinfectant sponges-0.1 % bichloride of mercury sponge 70% alcohol sponge, 0.5% zephiran chloride sponge,- by bacterial culture methods in 10 admitted adult patients in S. Hospital, Mok Po city. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The thermometer sterilized with 0.1 ％ bichloride of mercury sponge showed no growth of bacteria organism in 5 cases but showed growth of pathogenic organism in 1 case and non pathogenic organism in 4 cases. 2. The thermomerer sterilized with 70 ％ alcohol sponge showed no growth of bacteria organism in 8 cases but showed growth of nonpathogenic organism in 2 cases. 3. The themometer sterilized with 0.5 ％ zephiran chloride sponge showed no growth of bacteria organism in all 10 cases. From these results it could be concluded that 0.5 ％ zephiran chloride would be most effective in sterilization of thermometer.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.562-571
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to provide a direction for restructuring resilient waterfront spaces, emphasizing the severity of water-related disasters and the significance of developing responsive urban strategies. Method: To achieve this objective, the study analyzes overseas planning and design cases based on the theoretical framework of urban resilience. The goal is to identify physical and social systemic design elements that can be applied to waterfront space planning and design of Korea. Result: The proposals from the Resilient by Design Callenge included strategies for enhancing social systems and promoting sustainability in a more systematic manner. Additionally, various physical design strategies and technologies were identified in the Sponge City projects, which aim to create a flexible urban waterfront space. Conclusion: When planning and designing Korean waterfront spaces to effectively respond to disasters, several elements should be considered, such as enhancing educational functions, expanding local resident participation, establishing a governance system, developing systematic sustainable plans, adopting ecological approaches, and implementing various low-impact development techniques.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

A down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) bioreactor was operated for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The Stover-Kincannon model was applied for kinetic evaluation of the reactor performance during the operational period. As a result, the coefficient of determination (R²) for straight lines of effluent concentration from the experimental data and from the predictive data of BOD₅; NH₄⁺-N; and TN were 0.9727; 0.9883; and 0.9934, respectively. The calculation of saturation value constant (Umax - g L^-1 d^-1) and maximum utilization rate constant (KB - g L-1 d-1) were 56.818 and 75.034 for BOD₅; 2.960 and 4.713 for NH₄⁺-N; 2.810 and 8.37 for TN, respectively. The study suggests that Stover-Kincannon model can be used for effective evaluation of kinetic removal of BOD₅; NH₄⁺-N; and TN from domestic wastewater treated in a DHS bioreactor.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.150-162
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• 2011

Purpose: Multi-drug resistant (MR) infections among intensive care unit (ICU) patients with oral intubation and a ventilator are serious nosocomial infections. This study was done to compare the effects of oral care and ventilator circuit on reduction of MR infections. Methods: A total of 92 participants were recruited from an ICU at C University Hospital in G-city, Korea, assigned to one of 4 groups and evaluated: group I received oral care with sponge and reusable circuit; group II received oral care with tooth brush and reusable circuit; group III received oral care with sponge and disposable circuit; group IV received oral care with tooth brush and disposable circuit. Results: Prevalence rate of MR infections was highest in group I (47.8%), followed by group II (30.4%), group IV (19.0%), and group III (13.6%). Of the four groups, group III showed a significantly decreased MR infections (p=.035) and higher possibility of survival rate as time passes according to survival analysis (p=.019). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that using disposable ventilator circuit significantly decreases MR infections and raises the possibility of a higher survival rate as time passes. According to this study, the use of disposable ventilator circuit is useful in prevention of MR infections.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.112-116
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• 2007

Highly damped insulation panel for transformer construction is needed in residential area because the making noise from transformer substation in inner city is appeared a lost of problem by increasing to conserve living environment. Therefor in this paper, the vibration and noise characteristic effect of cork-type and sponge-type that is attached between insulation panel and enforce beam in transformer is analized using real size transformer experimentally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.1005-1009
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• 2008

The high efficiency insulation panel for transformer construction is needed in residential area because the making noise from transformer substation in side of city is appeared a lost of problem by increasing to conserve the living environment. Therefor in this paper, first the vibration and noise characteristic of existing insulation panel is analyzed according to attached material, cork and sponge-type. Second the insulation of sound performance is compared between the existing insulation panel. And high efficiency insulation panel that is proposal in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

Thermal environment of city is getting worse due to severe urban heat island caused by climate change and urbanization. Green roof improves the urban thermal environment and save the cooling energy in buildings. This study presented a green roof combined with a storage system that stores rain-water and supplies water through a wick and evaluated the temperature reduction effect as surface temperature and amount of evapotranspiration. For about a week, the surface temperature using a infrared thermal imager and the evapotranspiration by recording change of module weight were measured at intervals of 30 minutes from sunrise to sunset. The results show that the mean surface temperature of the green roof was 15.4 degrees lower than that of the non-green roof from 12:00 P.M. to 14:00 P.M. There was no significant difference between mean surface temperature of green roof with and without storage system immediately after rain, but more than a week after rain, there was a difference with average of 2.49 degrees and maximum of 4.72 degrees. The difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration was measured to be 1.66 times on average. As drought stress increased over time, the difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration and surface temperature between with/without storage system increased simultaneously. The results of the study show a more excellent cooling effect of green roof combined with the rainwater storage system.